1、一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1ecology n生态2consultant n. 顾问3principle n. 原则，道德准则4boycott n. (联合)抵制5bounce vi. 反弹6coincidence n. 巧合7federal adj. 联邦的8rough adj. 艰难的9hurricane n. 飓风10mainland n. 大陆11grand adj. 巨大的12changeable adj. 多变的13catastrophe n. 巨大的灾难14mountainous adj. 多山的15fragile adj. 易毁的；脆弱的.核心词汇写
2、其形1trap vt. 使困住2beyond prep. 超出3sacrifice vt.& vi. 牺牲；献出4advocate vt. 主张，提倡5substitute n. 代替品，代用品6seize vt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取7arm vt. 武装8means n. 方法9slide vi. 滑行10flee vt.& vi. 逃走11plug vt. 塞住12carve vt.& vi. 雕刻13slip vi. 滑落14recycle vt. 回收利用 15behalf n. 代表16condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地.拓展词汇通其变1reserve n保护区
3、 vt.保留；预订reserved adj.预订的；保留的reservation n保留；预订；保护2relevant adj.有关的relevance n相关3agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的4threaten vt.威胁threat n威胁threatening adj.威胁的；恐吓的5separation n分离，分开separate vt.分离，分开 adj.不同的；各自的6construct vt.建造construction n建造7potential n可能性，潜在性potentially adv.潜在地，可能地8adopt vt.采用；收养
4、adoption n采用，收养9considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的consider v考虑consideration n考虑；体贴10allocate vt.分配，配给allocation n分配，配给11sharpen vt.削尖sharp adj.尖的；锐利的sharpener n卷笔刀12calculate vt.计算，算出calculation n计算13finance n资金 financial adj.经济的，财政的1.“相似词”小结dessert 甜点desert 舍弃affect v影响effect n. 影响principle 原则principal 校长wa
5、nder 漫步wonder 想知道2.“方法，途径”种种means n方法way n. 方法approach n. 方法；途径method n. 方法3.“熟词生义”忠义堂arm vt.武装escape v. 被忘掉；被忽视kill v. 消磨(时间)hit n. 成功；红极一时的人或事(二)重点短语记牢用活1a_number_of一些2beyond_ones_control 超出的控制， 不受的控制3look_ahead 展望未来4refer_to 指，意即，提到；参考5in_turn 依次；反过来6lead_to 引起，导致7take_action 采取行动8ahead_of 在前面9ap
6、art_from 除以外10answer_for (对已产生的不良后果) 负责任11call_for_an_end_to_sth. 要求结束12or_else 否则，不然13wrap_up 结束14on_ones_behalf 代表15for_good 永远16carry_off 掠去，夺走17all_in_all 总的来说18result_in 导致19earn_ones_living 谋生20plug_ones_ears 塞住耳朵21all_the_best 祝一切顺利22as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上23break_away_from 摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织
7、)1.“inn.”短语联想in particular尤其，特别in turn 依次；反过来in common 共同，共用in detail 详细地in general 普遍地，一般地in use 在使用中2.for短语集训营for sale出售for free 免费for sure 肯定地for good 永远for instance/example 例如for good measure 额外3.“原因、结果”短语串记as a consequence (of)因此，结果as a result (of) 作为的结果result in/from 导致/起因于on account of 由于beca
8、use of 因为owing to 由于(三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：looking ahead为动词ing形式作状语Looking_ahead，scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century.展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖可能会是21世纪面临的最大的环境问题之一。句型2：given用作介词，表示“鉴于，考虑到；倘若”Given this data，it seems that the link bet
9、ween human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。句型3：过去分词短语作后置定语If we add up all these small changes made_by_everyone_worldwide，they wont be such small changes.如果我们把全世界每个人产生的小改变加到一起它们就不是小的改变了。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1Experts sa
10、y armed(武装) conflicts are likely to break out between the two countries along the border. 2It took rescuers 90 minutes to reach the trapped(使困住) men.3When he was sliding(滑行) on the snow, he slipped(滑倒) over and broke his legs.4It is my great privilege to say something on behalf(代表) of all the studen
11、ts.5(2018全国卷)Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve(预订) your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear!6The construction(construct) of the two railway lines has been completed by now.7I want to know if you really a
12、dvocate banning(ban) cars in this city centre.8Given(give) the present conditions, I think shes done rather well.9(上海卷)Successful product design takes into consideration(consider) a products function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on.10(2017江苏卷)The quality of life has improved and watching fil
13、ms is regarded as a good means(方式) of entertainment.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1She is so considerate that she has not only considered her own affairs but taken mine into consideration(consider)2They sent a threatening letter to us, but I thought it was an empty threatIts no use threatening uswe didnt give in.
14、(threat)3The old couple adopted a boy ten years ago and their adopted son treated them well and the old couple thought their adoption was the best choice.(adopt)4These tables are reserved for the children and the reserved seats by the window are also taken up, so Ill have to make a reservation for y
15、ou next week.(reserve)5After a long separation,_the young couple lived a separate life and in the end they separated peacefully.(separate).选词成篇in turn; beyond ones control; result in; look ahead; take action; a number of; or elseHumans have damaged the environment in 1.a_number_of aspects, which 2.i
16、n_turn has influenced our life. Besides this, it is 3.beyond_our_control. I think we humans should be responsible for it. 4.Looking_ahead,_it is time for us to 5.take_action；6.or_else,_it would 7.result_in greater damage.carry off; apart from; lead to; on behalf of; answer for; call for an end toWit
17、h more and more factories built in my hometown, a lot of agricultural land has been 8.carried_off,_which has 9.led_to a rise in product prices. 10.Apart_from this, the air and rivers have been heavily polluted.Obviously, the factories should 11.answer_for the consequences. So 12.on_behalf_of the vil
18、lagers benefit, the local government has decided to 13.call_for_an_end_to the factories illegal behaviors.完成句子1一看到警察他就向出口奔去。Seeing_the_police,_he made a run for the exit.2如果得到他的支持，我想我们会赢得这次选举。Given_his_support,_I think well win the election.3我喜欢在这家出版社出版的大部分图书。I like most of the books published_in_th
19、is_publishing_house reserven保护区；保留；储备vt.保留；保存；预订基础练习单句语法填空The waitress said that the seat by the window was reserved for an old man.Im sure that he wont accept our suggestion without reserve.I will call the restaurant and make a reservation(reserve) in case theres none left.能力提升一句多译提前预订一张桌子是个好主意。It
20、is a good idea to_reserve_a_table in advance.(reserve v)It is a good idea to_make_a_reservation_for_a_table in advance.(reservation n)(1)without reserve毫无异议地；毫无保留地in reserve 备用的(2)reserve.for sb./sth. 为某人/某物保留/预订(3)reservation n. 保留；预订(房间、座位等)make a reservation 预订(房间、座位等) 佳句背诵 You cant park here，for
21、 this section of the car park is reserved for visitors.你不能把车停在这里，因为这个停车区是留给游客的。 beyondprep.超出，出乎，为所不能及能力提升完成句子/句型转换除了这几个事实，我们知道的就很少了。Our knowledge does not extend much beyond_these_few_facts事实是，他是这么顽皮的孩子，我实在无法管教。The fact is that he is such a naughty boy that he_is_beyond_my_control.The West Lake is
22、so beautiful that it is hard to describe it in words.The beauty of the West Lake is beyond_descriptionIm sorry I cant make a final decision on this project.Im sorry its beyond_my_power_to make a final decision on this project. beyond ones control超出某人的控制， 不受某人的控制beyond ones reach 够不着，超出之外beyond ones
23、power 超出某人的能力beyond description 无法形容，难以言表beyond belief 难以置信beyond doubt 无疑地 佳句背诵 The tasks they faced seemed far beyond their ability.他们面临的任务似乎远远超出他们的能力。 condemnvt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；谴责；使注定基础练习单句语法填空If you dont learn from the past, youre condemned to_repeat(repeat) its mistakes.As was expected, he was co
24、ndemned to ten years in prison.能力提升完成句子/句型转换因为新的制度，这样的孩子中有一些注定会不及格。Because of the new rules，some of such children are_condemned_to_fail由于他没文化，他注定要干体力活。His lack of knowledge condemns_him_to_do the kind of work that needs strength.As was expected，he was sentenced to life imprisonment.As was expected，h
25、e was_condemned_to life imprisonment.condemn sb.for.因谴责某人condemn sb.to sth./to do sth. 使某人注定/使某人注定做condemn sb.to death 判某人死刑be condemned to death 被判处死刑 佳句背诵 The headmaster strongly condemned empty talk instead of hard work.那位校长强烈谴责了不脚踏实地、夸夸其谈的作风。 sacrificevt.& vi.牺牲；献出n牺牲；祭品，祭祀基础练习单句语法填空Making sacri
26、fices(sacrifice) is always a part of bringing up children.He succeeded in the experiment at the sacrifice of his health.Would you sacrifice some of your salary for more holiday time?The woman sacrificed(sacrifice) her career to bring up the children.(全国卷)Almost every grandparent wants to be with his
27、 or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices(sacrifice)(1)sacrifice sth.to do sth.为做某事而牺牲某物(2)make sacrifices for/to do sth. 为作出牺牲at the sacrifice of. 以牺牲为代价 佳句背诵 From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together.从那天起，我们一起学习，一起旅行，一起奉献。(江苏卷) advocatevt.主张，提倡
28、n提倡者，拥护者基础练习单句语法填空Animal activists advocate that the government (should)_set(set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.Many experts advocate rewarding(reward) your child for good behavior.The boy said that his father was an advocate of reforms on the political system.I strongly
29、 advocate that all of us should learn from him and always be ready to help others.能力提升一句多译他们提倡大家都为那个地区捐些钱。They advocated everyone_donating_some_money_to_the_areaThey advocated that everyone(should)_donate_some_money_to_the_area(1)advocate (doing) sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that. 主张从句谓语动词用 (should)动词原
30、形(2)be an advocate of/for 的提倡者/拥护者 佳句背诵 However, I advocate that students should go out to get in touch with the outside world and meet some difficulties so that they can value the time of staying at home.但是，我也提倡学生应该出去接触外面世界，遭遇一些困难，这样他们才会更加珍惜在家中的时光。 threatenvt.威胁，恐吓基础练习单句语法填空He tied her up and threa
31、tened her with a sixinch knife.The young girl stood on the top of the building, threatening to_jump(jump)He kept silent，for the old man threatened that he would make it public.China is a peaceloving country，and we have never been a threat to the world.能力提升完成句子(江苏卷)交通问题很难解决， 它不仅影响着我们的日常生活， 而且也可能威胁到人们
32、的生命。The traffic issue is very difficult to settle.It not only affects our everyday life, but_may_also_threaten_peoples_lives(1)threaten sb.with sth.用某事威胁某人threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事 threaten that. 威胁(2)threat n. 威胁a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁 佳句背诵 While danger threatens we must all take care.当有危险的
33、时候，我们都得小心谨慎。Is Christmas a threat to traditional Chinese culture?圣诞节是对中国传统文化的威胁吗？ meansn手段；方法基础练习单句语法填空Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing parttime jobs.Every possible means has_been_tried(try), but none has worked.All possible means have_been_tried(try), but none has worked.(201
34、9江苏卷)Besides，the choice of the traditional Chinese dress means(mean) extra money, and extra time, for we have to change it back after the event.能力提升完成句子(2018全国卷)你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。And youd better practice using chopsticks in advance，which_is_also_a_means_of_showing_your_good_table_manners
35、(1)by this means通过这种方法by means of 用办法；借助by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)(2)a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具(3)mean v. 意味着；意思是 佳句背诵 I wish that you could grasp this opportunity，which is a means of learning traditional Chinese culture further.我希望你能抓住这个机会，这是进一步学习中国传统文化的一种途
36、径。(2017全国卷)名师点津 means是单复数同形的名词，其谓语动词的数取决于means 前的修饰语。 adoptvt.采用，采纳；收养基础练习单句语法填空/对比填空Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption(adopt) services for homeless animals.The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to hi
37、s new life. (adopt/adapt)能力提升完成句子我确实珍视这个受教育的机会，总是把这个箴言当作座右铭。I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt_the_motto_to_serve_as_a_reminderadopt sb.as. 收养/挑选某人为adoption n. 收养；采用；通过adopted adj. 被收养的 佳句背诵 As far as Im concerned, we should adopt an optimistic attitude in the face of great
38、pressure.就我个人而言，面对巨大压力，我们应该采取一种乐观的态度。名师点津 一字之差，意义上却大相径庭：adapt意为“(使)适应；改编”；adopt意为“采用，采纳；收养”。 a number of一些，许多；大量的基础练习单句语法填空As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners are_learning(learn) Chinese as a second language.In China, the number of cities is_increasing(increase) whose develop
39、ment is recognized across the world.A great deal of money was_donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are(be) being washed away.能力提升完成句子(2017全国卷)此外，许多著名艺术家的杰作将被展览。In addition, there_are_a_grea
40、t_number_of_famous_artists whose masterpieces will be on exhibition.(1)可数名词复数(2)不可数名词(3)佳句背诵 Ive heard that our school library is planning to buy a number of new books，so I am writing to recommend some books.我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置许多新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。 in turn依次，逐个地；反而；反过来能力提升完成句子/一句多译在去加拿大的途中，我们轮流开车。We took_tu
41、rns_to_drive on the way up to Canada.我确信这次是轮到你们大扫除了。Im sure that its_your_turn_to_do the cleaning this time.人们通过自己开车来避免延误，这反过来造成更多的问题。People try to avoid delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn_creates_more_problemsPeople try to avoid delays by using their own cars, which_in_turn_creates_mo
42、re_problems(1)by turns轮流；轮班；交替地take turns (to do sth.) 依次；轮流(说、做等)；轮班(做某事)It is sb.s turn (to do sth.) 轮到某人(干某事)。(2)in return 作为回报 佳句背诵 Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。 all in all总的来说基础练习用all的相关短语填空To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, above_all
43、,_honest.All_in_all,_every road leads to Rome, but I do believe hard work pays off.Dont believe the advertisement. After_all,_it is the customers who pay for whatever they are given.Happiness lies first_of_all in health，as everyone knows.For little children，they need many things，but above_all they n
44、eed love.After_all，they are so young that they need much love and care.at all(常用于否定句和条件从句中以加强语气)根本；无论如何；一点儿after all 毕竟；终究in all 总共first of all 首先，第一above all 首先，最重要的是 佳句背诵 All in all I wonder how much time I end up investing in the whole process. 总而言之，我想知道我在整个过程中投入了多长时间。 given用作介词，表示“鉴于，考虑到；倘若”(教材P
45、6)Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。能力提升完成句子考虑到她对孩子的兴趣，我可以肯定教书对她来说是一种合适的职业。Given_her_interest_in_children,_Im sure teaching is the right career for her.考虑到他做得很好，派他去似乎是很合理的。
46、It seems reasonable to send him away, given_that_he_is_doing_quite_well大约250名学生在特定的时间与我们一起工作。About 250 students are working with us at_any_given_time(1)本句中的Given为介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因；还可以表示假设，意为“倘若，假定”。(2)表示“考虑到”时，given后还可接that从句。(3)given还可用作形容词，意为“规定的；特定的”。 名师点津 引导条件状语从句用法相似的表达还有：considering (that).鉴于
47、provided/providing (that). 假定seeing (that). 既然；鉴于 when引导时间状语从句(教材P17)The British luxury liner，Titanic，was on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City，when it struck an iceberg and sank about 153 km south of Newfoundland.英国的豪华游轮泰坦尼克号在首次航海，从南安普敦开往纽约城时，突然间撞上冰山，在纽芬兰岛南153公里的地方沉船。基础练习单句语法填空She
48、had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry out when she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.能力提升完成句子我们正在为周末出游收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的叫喊声。We were_packing_to_leave_for a weekend away wh
49、en my daughter heard cries for help.be doing.when. 正在做这时be about to do.when. 正打算做这时be on the point of doing .when . 正要做这时had just done .when . 刚做了这时(突然) 佳句背诵 I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car.
50、我去书店的路上，正在一个十字路口等绿灯，这时一个大约十岁的女孩被一辆驶过的汽车撞倒了。名师点津 when 为并列连词，表示“这时；突然”，相当于and then/and at that time。维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1Tourists are required to make reservations(reserve) in advance.2Trapped(trap) in a traffic jam, he had to be patient.3(2018浙江卷6月)Being a good neighbor is more or less about considera
51、te(consider) behavior.4(2018江苏卷)There are huge amounts of reference(refer) books which I am often confused to choose from.5(2018全国卷)Small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable(change)维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1It is not easy for the children to break away from the fa
52、milies and become independent.2Youd better put the bottle of medicine beyond the childrens reach.3We were having a class meeting when someone rushed into the classroom.4The Judge condemned the criminal to death for a case of murder.5By no means will she agree to our plan for the trip.维度三易错混用(改正下列句子中
53、的错误)1The old couple were very kind and they treated their adopting son very well.adoptingadopted2I was sitting on the grass while it began to rain heavily.whilewhen3This accident condemned the old man for a poor life.forto4The number of girls were waiting outside the gate to see the famous star.TheA
54、5It is clear that all the means has been tried，but in vain.hashave维度四语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)1(2019北京卷)At this years I/O Conference，a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing humansounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without dete
55、ction.保留，预订2The woman has no child of her own but has many adopted sons and daughters.被收养的3Many experts dont advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour.提倡；主张4As far as Im concerned, lack of competence condemned him to lose his job.迫使某人陷于不幸的境地5(2018全国卷)They think tradition means old things from
56、 the past.意味着提能一语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earths climate. They claim that in the last 50 years gases 1.pumped(pump) into the Earths atmosphere by the factories and vehic
57、les have been affecting our climate. But what exactly is global warming? Global warming 2.refers(refer) to an average increase in the Earths temperature that, 3.in turn, leads to climate change. Over the last 100 years, the global average temperature 4.has_increased(increase) by 1 and many experts i
58、nsist that 5.the blame for this global warming can mostly be pinned on human 6.activities(activity). The link between human beings and 7.rising(rise) global temperatures is not 8.merely(mere) a coincidence. 9.If we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge quantities, we are co
59、ndemning life on Earth. Governments all over the world have a responsibility 10.to_reduce(reduce) the amount of carbon dioxide. Experts advocate each person play their parts.提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)1补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)现在空气被严重污染了。The air has_been_badly_polluted这导致了大量的人死于与空气污染有关的疾病。It has_led_to/
60、resulted_in_a_large_number_of_people_dying_from_illnesses，which are related to air pollution.所有的行为后果都是要偿还的，所以我们必须要采取措施。All_these_are_to_be_answered_for,_so we must take_action我们可以关闭一些工厂，还可以限制汽车的数量。We can close_down_some_factories and limit_the_number_of_cars我们每个人都要尽力而为。Each of us should try_our_best
61、2升级平淡句用过去分词作后置定语升级句It_has_led_to/resulted_in_a_large_number_of_people_dying_from_illnesses_related_to_air_pollution.用apart from结构升级句Apart_from_closing_down_some_factories,_we_can_limit_the_number_of_cars.3衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as a matter of fact, all in all)_One possible version：As a matter of fact,
62、the air has been badly polluted. It has led to/resulted in a large number of people dying from illnesses related to air pollution. All these are to be answered for, so we must take action. Apart from closing down some factories, we can limit the number of cars. All in all, each of us should try our
63、best.课时练12篇阅读1篇完形 阅读理解A(2020山西六校测试)World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.The very first World E
64、nvironment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972.Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk
65、about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.The 2018 World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme w
66、as Beat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which made up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the wo
67、rld still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you wont be getting the day off wor
68、k or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as m
69、aking sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍
70、了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。1Why is World Environment Day set up?ATo make people know more about nature.BTo ask people to help to protect the globe.CTo warn people of the danger of air pollution.DTo encourage people to plan the earths future.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to ta
71、ke an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe”可知，世界环境日的目的是鼓励世界各地的人们积极参与环境保护并学会更多方法来帮助确保我们的地球将来是安全的，故选B。2What do people do on World Environment Day?ADecide a host city.BHold a theme party.CDiscuss environmental ideas.
72、DShow some plastic products.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可知，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题，故选C。3Which of
73、the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in Paragraph 3?AHighcost.BPoorquality.CSecondhand. DSingleuse.D解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可知，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后
74、面的“which made up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D。4Whats the main idea of the last paragraph?AEvery bit of effort counts.BDoing is better than saying.CMany hands make light work.DNothing is impossible to a willing heart.A解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是一个公共节日，所以人们
75、不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它。所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要(Every bit of effort counts.)，故选A。Doing is better than saying.“行胜于言。”；Many hands make light work.“众人拾柴火焰高。”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.“有志者事竟成。”B(2020湖北武昌区调研)Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of hu
76、man history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers: Plastics.“Plastic has redefined our materi
77、al culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified(分层的) layers in our trash deposits(沉积层)” Thats according to John Marston, an archaeologist.The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it werent for human action. About six billion tons of plastics have
78、been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earths makeup. Most plastics dont easily degrade. This only adds to the problem. Recy
79、cling isnt an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the plan
80、et several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where its possible that in just a few dec
81、ades there might be more plastic in the worlds oceans than fishes.“Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so its safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” Winter writes.The damage may already be done. It may be too la
82、te for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilization.【解题导语】在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。5Why do people call our age the Plastic Age?ABecause plastics
83、are not naturally made.BBecause humans create plastics.CBecause plastics influence the world greatly.DBecause historians and archaeologists think so.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是通过对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的，由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。6According to the passage, how are most plastics de
84、alt with currently?AThey are recycled.BThey are degraded.CThey are thrown away.DThey are made into bottles.C解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean.”可知，每年数百万吨的塑料垃圾被回收，但是更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。7What is the authors a
85、ttitude to the Plastic Age?ANegative. BAmbiguous.CFavorable. DUnconcerned.A解析：观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，世界各地的人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度。故A项正确。8What is the main idea of this passage?APlastics have ruined our environment.BWe must stop using plastics
86、 altogether.CHuman beings are in the Plastic Age.DPlastics are significant to human development.C解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因，由此可推知，C项最符合文意。 完形填空(2020合肥高三联考)Every year, the fifth graders at Brookstone Elementary School went on a field trip to Washington, DC. Terence _1_ t
87、he exciting trip, and was _2_ to go the next year.Terence asked his parents _3_ if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself. His parents _4_. He had almost a year to earn $150. His first _5_ was to earn money by babysitting, and he typed a nice letter _6_
88、that “he would babysit during his neighbors _7_”. He named a few afternoons available and said he would _8_ $1 per hour per child. After five babysitting _9_， he earned $45.When the _10_ weather arrived, Terence knocked on his neighbors doors to ask if they needed help with _11_ work. He helped with
89、 mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens. After the summer was over, he earned $75. When the fall arrived, he counted his money and _12_ that he still needed $30 for his trip. Soon his mom saw a(n) _13_ for a job for him. He got a job _14_ newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper,
90、 $10 _15_ each Wednesday. It wasnt long before he had _16_ money to go on the trip to Washington, DC. He was _17_ in time. The class trip was on October 15. His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they _18_ him. What a great feeling! He helped _19_ the cost of his trip.This experience _20_ Ter
91、ence in many ways, making his dream a reality with great efforts.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。小学生Terence非常渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行，他希望自己挣一半旅费，另一半由父母资助。父母答应后，他通过帮邻居照看小孩、修剪花园和给花园除杂草等工作攒够了钱。1A.prepared for Blaid outCreferred to Dheard aboutD解析：根据第一句可知，每年Terence所在学校的五年级学生都要去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；结合该句中的“to go the next year”可知，Terence应该是听
92、说了(heard about)这个激动人心的旅行，就渴望(dying)来年也去。2A.dying BgratefulClucky DproudA3A.curiously BcasuallyCanxiously DbrieflyC解析：根据上文可知，Terence渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；又结合语境可知，此处表示Terence急切地问他的父母是否愿意支付他一半的旅行费用。C项意为“急切地，渴望地”，故C项正确。4A.submitted BagreedCbargained DrefusedB解析：根据下文可知，他有近一年的时间去挣150美元；又根据下文中的“His mom and dad ga
93、ve him a check for the $150 they _ him.”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)为他支付一半的旅行费用。5A.idea BjobCconclusion DsuggestionA解析：根据该句中的“to earn money by babysitting” “typed a nice letter”并结合语境可知，他的第一个主意(idea)就是通过代人临时照看孩子来挣钱，并打印了一封信，信上说(saying)邻居不在(absence)时他可以帮他们照看孩子。6A.declaring BconfirmingCshowing DsayingD7A.stay Bcom
94、panyCinteraction DabsenceD8A.pay BspendCcharge DdonateC解析：根据该句中的“$1 per hour per child”并结合语境可知，Terence帮邻居照看孩子的收费标准是每个孩子每小时一美元。C项意为“收费，开价”，故C项正确。9A.negotiations BsessionsCattempts DinterviewsB解析：根据语境可知，在帮助邻居照看五次孩子后，他赚了45美元。B项意为“一段时间”，符合语境，故B项正确。10A.warm BfineCunusual DchangeableA解析：根据下文“He helped wit
95、h mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens.”可知，该处指当温暖的(warm)天气来临时，他敲邻居们的门问是否需要帮忙做院子(yard)里的工作。11A.yard BpaperCschool DvolunteerA12A.admitted BdeterminedCcomplained DinsistedB解析：根据该句中的“he still needed $30 for his trip”和语境可知，数过钱后，他算出还需要30美元。determine“准确算出”符合语境。13A.directory BpermitCadvertisement DemailC解析：根据下文中
96、他开始送报纸，并结合语境和常识可知，很快他的妈妈看到一个广告(advertisement)，为他找到了一份工作。A项意为“名录，电话簿”；B项意为“许可证”。14A.editing BupdatingCprinting DdeliveringD解析：根据该句中的“newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送(delivering)报纸的工作，每份报纸挣5美分，每周三总共(in total)挣10美元。15A.at once Bon timeCafter all Din
97、totalD16A.extra BmuchCenough DeasyC解析：根据上文描述的他还需要30美元和他每周三送报纸挣10美元可知，不久他就有足够的(enough)钱去华盛顿旅行了。17A.just BevenCever DstillA解析：根据下文“The class trip was on October 15.”可推知，秋天时他赚够了钱，正好赶上旅行。A项意为“正好”，故A项正确。18A.owed BlentCpromised DorderedC解析：根据上文他的父母同意给他出一半的钱可知，此处表示他的父母给了之前向他承诺的150美元的支票。C项意为“承诺”，故C项正确。19A.c
98、ount BcoverCestimate DreduceB解析：根据上文可知，他挣了150美元，他的父母又给他150美元，所以他攒够了足以支付自己旅行的费用。B项意为“足以支付，够付”，符合语境，故B项正确。20A.astonished BshapedCexcited DimpressedB解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，这段经历在很多方面塑造了(shaped) Terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的梦想成为现实。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空 阅读理解A(2020马鞍山模拟)When she first started learning about the climate change
99、 from one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier. But the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate. Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasnt there anymore.Loss is a growing issue
100、for people working and living on the front lines of climate change. And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson, a fulltime lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell, US, an idea for a class.This term, she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies. Sh
101、e used the experiences of Native American tribes(部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fixthat “this is such an intractable problem that theyre going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”Student Cody Dillon used to be a clima
102、te science skeptic(怀疑论者). Then he did his own reading and research, and changed his mind.Dillon wasnt going into environmental workhe was a computerscience major. Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a fullt
103、ime volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration(恢复) projects.Six months into the work, he decided that Atkinsons class was just what he was looking fora place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepar
104、e themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.“We are already changing the planetso many species are going to be lost, displaced or massively impacted，” she said. “The future isnt going to be what they imagined.”【解题导语】Fawn Sharp通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认识到了冰川融化的严重性，同时J
105、ennifer Wren Atkinson给学生开设了课程，教学生如何面对气候变化，她的课程让很多学生关注环境问题。1Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?ATo lay a basis for Fawn Sharps further research.BTo prove Fawn Sharps work is similar to Atkinsons.CTo lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.DTo show scientists concern about
106、the Mount Anderson glacier.C解析：推理判断题。通读第一段可知，Fawn Sharp在一次直升机飞行中意识到气候变化导致了冰川融化；由此可推知，作者在第一段中提及Fawn Sharp的例子是为了引出下文气候变化导致环境问题的话题，故选C。2Whats the main purpose of Atkinsons class?ATo explore how different people deal with climate change.BTo get students more concerned about the environmental issue.CTo f
107、ind solutions to the environmental issue of Olympic Mountains.DTo teach students how to conduct research about environment.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“she taught students.the emotional burdens of environmental studies.and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fixthat this is such an
108、intractable problem that theyre going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”可知，她给学生讲环境研究的情感压力，她让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实这是“一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它。”由此可知，Atkinson的课程目的是让学生们更加关注环境问题，故选B。3Which of the following words best explains “intractable” underlined in Paragraph 3?ASimple.BDifficult
109、.CCommon. DInteresting.B解析：词义猜测题。根据上文可知，Atkinson用美洲土著部落、科学家以及积极分子们的经历让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实，并结合该句“this is such an intractable problem that theyre going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”可知，这是一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它，故选B。4How did Atkinsons class influence Dillon?AIt made him work a
110、s a parttime volunteer for restoration projects.BIt made him realize a planetwide climate disaster would happen.CIt encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.DIt discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.C解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Six months into the work.discus
111、s his concerns about a changing climate.”可知，Dillon在环保组织做了六个月志愿者之后，他认为在Atkinson的课堂上他可以讨论他对气候变化的担忧；由此可推知，Atkinson的课程鼓励Dillon参与环境保护，故选C。B(2020太原模拟)Were often reminded of the importance of preserving the planet as we see it for future generationsand children at St Oswalds CE Primary School Chester certa
112、inly agree.Nineyearold Isobel Kelleher from the schools Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take note. “Sometimes they can be busy and I dont think they think they can make a difference, but if everyone does a little bit it all adds up，” she tells HuffPost UK. “We started looking at plastic pol
113、lution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting them，” she says. “Fish can eat the plastic and they can die, or we might even eat the fish ourselves.”Mr. Timms, Isobels teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise a
114、wareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9and 10yearold pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.Mr. Timms thinks children have an im
115、portant role to play in teaching us how to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children，” he says. “It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle
116、 more, and even stopping them using plastic straws.”Mr. Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. “The message that they would like to send to world is simple: stopping this isnt someone elses job, and it wont be OK if we just leave it.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“蜂鸟班”积极响应一个环保教育项目。该班由九岁和十岁的学生组成，他们通过写诗和制作
117、在线视频广告来提醒成年人注意环保问题。5What can we infer about adults according to Isobel Kelleher?AThey just pretend to be busy.BThey havent done their part well.CThey can do nothing to stop pollution.DThey have started to care about the ocean.B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第一句“Nineyearold Isobel Kelleher from the schools Hum
118、mingbirds class thinks adults need to take note.”可知，学校“蜂鸟班”里九岁的伊泽贝尔认为成年人需要注意环保问题；据此可推知，成年人在环保问题上没有做得很好，故B项正确。6What is the purpose of the school project?ATo help adults to learn more about their kids.BTo remind adults to be friendly to the environment.CTo persuade students to stop using plastic bags.
119、DTo teach students how to write poems creatively.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9and 10yearold pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.”可知，整个“蜂鸟班”由九岁和十岁的学生组成，他们一直
120、忙着写诗和制作在线视频广告，提醒成年人海洋和野生动物所处的严重处境；据此可知，该项目旨在提醒成年人要注意环保问题，故B项正确。7Why does Mr. Timms mention parents in Paragraph 4?ATo prove kids are creative in teaching.BTo attract people to support his work.CTo have adults care about education.DTo show the effects of the project.D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“It has been real
121、ly hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them using plastic straws.”可知，真的很难相信有父母说孩子们要求他们停止使用塑料，甚至要求他们停止使用塑料吸管；据此可推知，该段提及父母旨在说明该项目对成年人的影响，故D项正确。8What is the text mainly about?AAn inspiring
122、school project.BAn appeal to stop using plastic bags.CSerious situations of our planet.DAdults ignorance of the environment.A解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第三段第一句“Mr. Timms, Isobels teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to b
123、e more environmentally friendly.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“蜂鸟班”积极响应一个环保教育项目，该班由九岁和十岁的学生组成，他们通过写诗和制作在线视频广告，提醒成年人注意环保问题。故A项正确。 七选五(2020陕西部分学校摸底检测) Learning to set goals plays an important role as your child starts to gain independence. However, setting goals doesnt come naturally to your child, so help
124、ing him to learn the process should probably be one of your goals.Explain the word “goal”. Your child may know what a goal is when it comes to soccer, but he may not understand what it means in everyday life. 1._Listen to your child. Ideally, you want your child to be able to decide for himself what
125、 his goals are. 2._ Let him talk about what he thinks he does well and what he thinks he needs to improve. If hes stuck, you can provide some examples of your own personal goals.Help keep goals achievable. Dont throw cold water on your child. 3._ For example, if your child wants to be a champion swi
126、mmer, but cant swim an entire lap of the pool yet, you can suggest he start by making that his first goal.4_ Help your child write down his goals in an easytofollow form. Being able to see and check off the steps on the way to his goal is key in keeping him motivated. A really simple way is to have
127、your child draw a ladder on a piece of paper, writing his goal at the top and each step to that goal on the rungs(梯级). 5._AChange goals every so often.BMake a visual goal reminder.CDont always tell him what you think.DHes climbing to the top as he gets closer to his goal.EYou can take sports as an e
128、xample to help explain it to him.FOnce he has set up a goal, he may find it very difficult to achieve it.GWhen a goal is beyond his reach, help him break it down into smaller pieces.【解题导语】学会制定目标在孩子获得独立上起着重要的作用，本文给出了一些帮助孩子设定目标的建议。1E解析：根据本段标题和空前的“Your child may know what a goal is when it comes to soc
129、cer”可知，在孩子不知道目标在日常生活中意味着什么时，可以通过运动的例子来解释什么是目标。故选E。2C解析：根据本段标题和空前一句“Ideally, you want your child to be able to decide for himself what his goals are.”可知，要倾听孩子，让孩子决定他自己的目标是什么。故C项“不要总是告诉他你的想法”符合语境。3G解析：根据下文的例子“if your child wants to be a champion swimmer, but cant swim an entire lap of the pool yet, yo
130、u can suggest he start by making that his first goal”可知，当孩子的目标实现不了的时候，可以帮助他把目标分解成一些更小的目标来完成。故选G。4B解析：根据空处所在位置及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题，再结合本段的内容可知，本段主要讲建立一个能够看得到的目标提醒物。故B项符合语境。5D解析：根据空前一句“A really simple way is to have your child draw a ladder on a piece of paper, writing his goal at the top and each step to
131、that goal on the rungs(梯级)”可知，当孩子爬到了顶点，也就接近了目标，故选D。 语法填空(2020重庆七校联考)Pollution takes away all the beauty of the beaches of Hawaii. I hate to go to the beaches on 1._(sun) weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand, cigarette butts(烟头) 2._ (bury) in the sand, and soda cans floating in the ocean.O
132、ne thing that really annoys me is that I see 3._(tour)who visit Hawaii leave their rubbish on the beaches. I was always taught after drinking soda to throw the can into the place 4._ it should staythe trash can. Another thing that annoys me is that some people walk right by rubbish 5._ pretend that
133、its not there.The dogs or the fish are not blame 6._ it. Its our fault and we must blame 7._ (we)Everyone has to do his or her part 8._(solve) this problem. It cant be difficult to do the job. There are a lot of things that we can do. First of all, we can help pick up rubbish along the beaches. We c
134、ould also form organizations that help clean up our beaches. More 9._(important), we need to start now before the beaches 10._(damage) beyond repair.【解题导语】本文主要讨论了海滩污染的问题。1sunny解析：考查词形转换。修饰名词一般用形容词，故用形容词sunny修饰其后的名词weekends。2buried解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，bury和其逻辑主语cigarette butts 构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作宾语补足语。3
135、tourists解析：考查词形转换。结合定语从句的关系词who可知，此处的先行词为表示人的名词，且定语从句中的谓语动词为复数，故用名词复数形式。4where解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词the place，故填where。5but解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。6for解析：考查介词。此处考查固定词组be to blame for sth.“对某事负有责任”，故用介词for。7ourselves解析：考查代词。与句子主语we呼应，此处应用反身代词ourselves作动词blame的宾语。8to solve解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式，表目的。9importantly解析：考查副词。副词一般修饰形容词、副词、动词，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。故用副词importantly，修饰整个句子。10are damaged解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，damage和主语the beaches之间是被动关系，根据该句中的“need”可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
