1、UNIT 1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT .阅读理解ABrian Tracy is a very famous Canadian-born motivational speaker,and it is safe enough to say that he is one of the best ones out there.Brian is excellent in the fields of public speaking,leadership and success psychology.However,it did not begin for Brian like that,
2、as he was the troublemaker of the family.Things have definitely changed for him,as he once struggled to pay the utility(公用事业)bills.Brian is the President and CEO of three multi-million dollar companies based in the United States.He is fluent in more than four languages and has one main message for e
3、veryone out there,“I believe through learning and the application of what you have learned,you can solve any problem,overcome any barrier and achieve any goal that you set for yourself.”Brian Tray was born in Canada in 1944 and raised in the United States.His early childhood was spent in a variety o
4、f locations,including Illinois,Wisconsin,Minnesota,and California.His family moved frequently and he was often in a new school.Tracys parents marriage ended when he was seven years old,and he and his siblings had to live with the two different households.With his father mostly absent,Tracy and his s
5、iblings were largely raised by his mother.His mother was a hard-working single parent who held down three jobs to support the family.Tracy was often left to his own devices,which included a lot of reading.He read a wide variety of books,including biographies and books on success and personal develop
6、ment.His reading gave him an education that was far beyond his years.He also studied music and played sports.Although his childhood was difficult and his circumstances were sometimes difficult,Tracys strong spirit and determination eventually led to success.His early childhood experiences helped sha
7、pe his beliefs and values,and he applied them to his later life and career.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名的演说家布莱恩特雷西的成长经历。1.What did Tracy do frequently before becoming famous?A.He delivered speeches in public.B.He learnt from excellent leaders.C.He turned to psychologists for help.D.He made trouble for his
8、family.细节理解题。根据第一段可知,在Tracy成名之前,他是这个家庭的麻烦制造者。2.What is the secret of mastering foreign languages according to Tracy?A.Learning in order to practise.B.Paying attention to pronunciation.C.Setting a long-term goal.D.Acquiring adequate vocabulary.细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is fluent in more than four languages and
9、has one main message for everyone out there,I believe through learning andthe application of what you have learned,you can solve any problem,overcomeany barrier and achieve any goal that you set for yourself.”可知,在Tracy看来,通过学习和应用所学知识,可以解决任何问题,克服任何障碍并实现为自己设定的任何目标。3.What does the underlined word“siblin
10、gs”mean in paragraph 3?A.Classmates or friends.B.Brothers or sisters.C.Uncles or aunts.D.Neighbors or relatives.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前半部分“Tracys parents marriage endedwhen he was seven years old”及“had to live with the two differenthouseholds”“With his father mostly absent,Tracy and his siblings were largel
11、yraised by his mother.”可知,因为Tracy的父母离异,父亲大部分时间不在家,致使Tracy多数时间是由妈妈抚养,因而他和他的兄弟姐妹就住在母亲的家庭中。所以画线词此处指“兄弟或姐妹”。4.What is the most beneficial to Tracys development?A.The good education.B.The wide reading.C.The mothers support.D.The tough childhood.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“His early childhood experiences helpedshape hi
12、s beliefs and values,and he applied them to his later life and career.”可知,对Tracy的成长而言,他的早期童年经历帮助塑造了他的信仰和价值观,并将它们应用到他后来的生活和职业生涯中。BKenya has been at the forefront(前沿)of the global war on plastic since the government banned single-use plastics in protected areas in June 2020.Unfortunately,the preventiv
13、e measures have barely received attention.Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily.However,if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way,the unsightly plastic heaps will soon be transformed into colorful bricks.The materials engineers seeking to
14、 find a practical solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017.She quit her job and set up a small lab in her mothers backyard.It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to convince a partner to help build the machinery to make them.But the determined eco-entrepreneur
15、was confident in her idea and did not give up.She says,“I wanted to use my education to handle plastic waste pollution.But I was very clear that the solution had to be practical,sustainable,and affordable.The best way to do this was by channeling the waste into the construction space and finding the
16、 most efficient and affordable material to build homes.”Her company produces over 1,500 bricks a day.The pavers are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled.The collected plastic is mixed with sand,heated at very high temperatures,and compressed(压缩)into bricks that
17、 vary in color and thickness.The resulting product is stronger,lighter,and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks.More importantly,it helps repurpose the lowest quality of plastic.“There is that waste they cannot process anymore;they cannot recycle.That is what we get,”Matee says.Matee is not
18、 nearly done.Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings.She says,“The more we recycle the plastic,the more we produce affordable housing,the more we created more employment for the youth.”Matee is not nearly done.Her dream is to r
19、educe the mountain of trash to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings.She says,“The more we recycle the plastic,the more we produce affordable housing,the more we created more employment for the youth.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了材料工程师Nzambi Matee通过自己的努力,创造性地解决塑料垃圾污染的问题。5.What do
20、es the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 imply?A.Matees method can be effective if adopted.B.Matees idea has been widely accepted.C.Colorful bricks are in huge demand.D.Plastic waste hasnt attracted enough attention.词义猜测题。根据画线句子前的However可知,该句话的意思与画线句子前的内容为转折关系,根据画线句子前的“Unfortunately,the preventivem
21、easures have barely received attention.Hundreds of tons of industrial andconsumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily.”可知,政府的一些治理塑料污染的预防措施几乎没有取得实质的效果,大量的垃圾仍然被倒进垃圾填埋场,由此可知,画线句子的意思与此相反,应为“如果Matee的方法被采用可能会有效”。6.Which of the following can best describe Nzambi Matee?A.Generous and a
22、mbitious.B.Confident and grateful.C.Creative and resolved.D.Optimistic and modest.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But the determined eco-entrepreneur wasconfident in her idea and did not give up.”可知Matee对自己的想法绝不会放弃,说明她很有决心;根据第三段中的“The best way to do this was bychanneling the waste into the construction space and find
23、ing the most efficientand affordable material to build homes.”可知,她认为最好的方法是将废物引入建筑空间,这种想法很有创造性。由以上内容可知,Matee是一个有创造性且有决心的人。7.What is Nzambi Matees ultimate purpose in using a mix of plastic products?A.To build cheaper houses.B.To support the government.C.To create job opportunities.D.To tackle plastic
24、 pollution.细节理解题。根据第三段“She says,I wanted to use my education to handleplastic waste pollution.The pavers are made using a mix of plastic productsthat cannot be reprocessed or recycled.”可知,将塑料产品的混合物做成铺路砖最终目的是解决塑料污染问题。8.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Kenya:Pioneer in Banning P
25、lastic Single-use PlasticsB.Nzambi Matee:Innovator in Solving Plastic WasteC.Mix of Plastic Products:A New Construction MaterialD.Plastic Recycling:A Creative Solution to Pollution 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The materials engineers seeking to find apractical solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017.”可
26、知,材料工程师Nzambi Matee寻求实用的方法来解决塑料垃圾污染问题,以及第三段中的“She says,I wanted to use.affordable material to build homes.”可知,她认为解决问题的方法必须是实用、持续以及可负担的,她提出了将塑料垃圾转换到建筑空间之中的想法,并结合全文可知,标题“Nzambi Matee:解决塑料垃圾污染问题的创新者”符合文章主题。.七选五Its always exciting to begin a new job.But among the frenzy(激动)of meeting new colleagues,star
27、ting new projects,and building new skills,there can be a stressful pressure to succeed.A big part of your success is determined by how quickly you are able to digest lots of information,which can be very hard.1*Manage yourselfWhen you notice information overload,dont ignore it and dont panic.Say to
28、yourself,“Im in a new job and there is plenty to learn here.Its okay to feel this way.”2 Remember that emotions can help you better understand yourself and your values.*Sort your information3 It keeps what it needs more immediately in our short-term memory,and it mixes together information we may ne
29、ed to use in the future to store in our long-term memory.For the information thats not needed,our brain acts like a garbage management,recycling,and deleting it.*4Organizations often have digital knowledge management systems to store and take important information.You can do the same to reduce brain
30、 burden.I recommend creating a Word document in which you write down information that your brain doesnt need to remember or store.*Reduce task-switchingMultitasking isnt good for you physically or mentally and is worse for your productivity and cognition(认知).5You can go for longer than that,but be s
31、ure to take a break.Focused activity is less taxing than multitasking,but you cant keep working endlessly.A.Respond positivelyB.Use technology to helpC.That problem is much easier to understand and solve.D.Here are some methods to deal with the information overload.E.For greater results,focus on one
32、 task for around 25 minutes.F.Our brain is like a clever piece of equipment that“takes in information”.G.This self-talk helps normalize the situation and makes the emotions easier to handle.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,作者针对新工作带来的过多信息,给出了四点建议。1.D设空处上文介绍了新工作所带来的压力和挑战消化过多的信息;下文作者就如何处理大量信息提出四点建议;D项“Here are some meth
33、odsto deal with the information overload.”承上启下,符合语境,选项中的“theinformation overload”指代上文的“lots of information”,“some methods”指下文所给出的具体的解决方法。2.G由小标题“Manage yourself”可知本段的建议是管理好自己;上文“When you notice information overload.Its okay to feel this way.”介绍了面对大量信息时,如何调整自己的心态和情绪;G项“This self-talk helpsnormalize t
34、he situation and makes the emotions easier to handle.”承接上文,说明自我对话所起到的作用。选项中的“This self-talk”指代上文“Say toyourself,Im in a new job and there is plenty to learn here.Its okay to feel thisway.”;下文“Remember that emotions can help you better understandyourself and your values.”阐述了管理好情绪的重要性;由此可知,G项符合本段主旨和语境
35、。3.F由下文“It keeps what it needs more immediately.store in our long-termmemory.”可知句中“It”指代设空处所提到的某种存储信息的东西;结合本段最后一句“For the information thats not needed,our brain acts like agarbage management,recycling,and deleting it.”可知设空处提到是大脑。F项“Our brain is like a clever piece of equipment that takes in informat
36、ion.”符合语境,选项中的“takes in”与下文中的“keeps”和“store”表达的意义一致。4.B分析文章结构可知,设空处为此段的小标题;由下文内容可知作者在本段建议运用Word文档来帮大脑减负;B项“Use technology to help”能够概括本段主旨,适合作为小标题。5.E上文“Multitasking isnt good for you physically or mentally and isworse for your productivity and cognition.”阐述了同时处理多项任务的弊端;E项“For greater results,focus
37、on one task for around 25 minutes.”针对上文所阐述的同时处理多任务的弊端提出了解决方法:专注于一项任务;下文承接E项,就专注于一项活动的时间进一步阐述,指出专注于一项工作时,时间不能太长,要注意休息。故选E项。.语法填空To exhibit ones work at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.would be a high point in any artists career;to receive such an honor at the age of fourteen is 1.(true)
38、remarkable.Yet that was the age of the Chinese painter Wang Yani when her paintings 2.(give)their first American showing there in 1989.Hundreds of thousands of visitors came and were fascinated by her pictures of animals,birds,and landscapes.trulywere given If fourteen seems a young age 3.(receive)s
39、o much attention,consider this:Yanis first 4.(exhibit),in her native China,was held when she was four!She has been working hard at her art since the age of two;that was 5.Wang Shiqiang first became aware of his daughters interest in painting.Himself 6.well-known artist,he encouraged Yani by providin
40、g her with large sheets of paper,ink,and brushes.These are the traditional materials of Chinese painting.He never gave her a lesson 7.discouraged her teachers at school from doing so.He believed such instruction would only limit her imagination and prevent her from expressing her feelings freely.Bef
41、ore long,his belief 8._his daughters talent was justified.to receiveexhibitionwhenaandin As she grew older,her style evolved and subjects changed.By the time she was sixteen,Yani 9.(paint)more than ten thousand pictures.Today,as an adult,she is still painting,10.(express)new ideas in nature and in t
42、he changing world around her with the brush and the ink.had paintedexpressing 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国著名画家王亚妮的个人成就以及学习绘画的历程。1.truly考查词性转换。句意:在华盛顿特区的史密森学会展出自己的作品将是任何艺术家职业生涯的高点;十四岁就获得这样的荣誉,真是了不起。修饰形容词用副词形式。故填truly。2.were given考查动词的时态和语态。这里为从句的谓语动词,根据主句时态可知,从句为一般过去时;主语her paintings为复数,和动词give之间为被动关系,所以
43、用被动语态。故填were given。3.to receive考查非谓语动词。句意:如果14岁就受到如此多的关注让人感觉是个很小的年龄,想想这个:亚妮在她的祖国中国的第一次展览是在她四岁的时候举行的!非谓语动词作后置定语,用动词的不定式形式。故填toreceive。4.exhibition考查词性转换。根据空前的first可知设空处为名词形式。故填exhibition。5.when考查表语从句。句意:她从两岁起就开始努力学习艺术;那时,王世强第一次意识到女儿对绘画的兴趣。这里为表语从句的连接词,表语从句中缺少时间状语,用when。6.a考查冠词。句意:他自己是一位著名的艺术家,他为亚妮提供了大
44、张的纸张、墨水和画笔来鼓励她。修饰名词单数,表示泛指,用不定冠词a。7.and考查连词。句意:他从不给她上一节课,也不鼓励学校里的老师这样做。空前“gave her a lesson”和空后“discouraged her teachers at schoolfrom doing so”为并列关系。故填and。8.in考查介词。句意:不久,他对女儿才华的信任得到了证实。onesbelief in,意为“某人对的信任”。故填in。9.had painted考查动词的时态。句意:到16岁时,亚妮已经画了一万多幅画。这里为主句谓语动词,根据时间状语从句“By the time she was six
45、teen”可知,主句时态为过去完成时。故填had painted。10.expressing考查非谓语动词。句意:如今,作为一个成年人,她仍然在画画,用画笔和墨水表达她对自然和周围不断变化的世界的新想法。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语she之间为主动关系,用动词的-ing形式。故填expressing。.应用文写作假定你是李华,你的外国笔友Tom对你班开展的课外活动(extracurricular activities)非常感兴趣,希望你介绍这方面的有关情况。请你给他回封邮件,内容包括:1.课外活动介绍;2.你最喜欢的活动;3.喜欢的原因。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请在相应位置
46、作答。Dear Tom,This year,our class has organized a variety of extracurricular activities,such as planting trees,learning to cook and visiting local museums.My favorite activity is to visit the museums.Such kinds of trips have not only helped me better understand the history and geography textbooks,but also improved my research skills,since we were always asked to get prepared by searching online or finding useful information in the library before the field trips.I really hope that you can go on a field trip with us in the future.Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua
