1、2021届上海市黄浦区高三下学期第二次模拟英语试题第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the giv
2、en word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ocean exploration changed human historyOne of humanitys greatest achievements has been mastering routes across the worlds oceans. Communities separated by thousands of miles _1_(bring) into contact and religious ideas have spread
3、across the waters, while artistic creativity has been motivated by the experience of seeing the products of different civilizations. Customs have been decisively altered by the movement of ships across the oceans. No one drank tea in medieval Europe, but _2_ contact had been made with the tea-drinki
4、ng Chinese, tea became popular with millions of people from Sweden to the United States.We tend to hold the view _3_ the opening of the oceans was the work of the great explorers, especially the 15th century pioneers who edged their way through uncharted waters to southern Africa, the Indian Ocean a
5、nd the lands of the Indies. These were sailors _4_ Christopher Columbus, who chanced upon unsuspected lands that blocked the expected sea route from Europe to China and Japan. But while these men _5_ give the Age of Discovery its name, they didnt start the exploration of the worlds oceans and there
6、were also scores of merchants who followed in _6_ route, taking full advantage of new knowledge about the open ocean to develop trade links across the world, _7_ laid the foundation for modern globalization. These were the people who really mastered the oceans and brought the continents into contact
7、. Since then, the oceans have only continued _8_(tie) the world together most dramatically when new routes were literally carved out, with the building of the Sues Canal in the 19th century and the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914. The first goods to pass through the Panama Canal consisted of a c
8、argo of _9_(tin) pineapples from Hawaii. The Pacific and the Atlantic were _10_(closely) tied together than ever before.【答案】1. have been brought 2. when 3. that 4. such as 5. did 6. the 7. which 8. to tie#tying 9. tinned 10. more closely【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了航海时代的意义，以及通过海洋路线发展贸易对现代全球化的积极影响。【1题详解】考查动词
9、时态和语态。句意：相隔数千英里的社区得以接触，宗教思想在水面上传播，同时也看到不同文明产品的经历激发出的艺术创造力。通过分析句子可知，此处应该填写谓语动词，根据后半句中的have spread判断填写现在完成时，结合bring为及物动词后缺少宾语，且Communities与bring之间为被动关系，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态形式。故填have been brought。【2题详解】考查连词。句意：没有人在中欧喝茶，但是当它们与喝茶的中国进行联络后，菜就在从瑞典到美国的数百万人中盛行开来。分析句子可知，这是一个时间状语从句，因此使用从属连词when引导时间状语从句。故填when。【3题详解】考
10、查同位语从句。句意：我们倾向于有着这样的观点：大洋的开拓是探险者的杰作。分析句子可知，句子完整无成分缺少，且从句部分是对view的解释说明，因此这是一个同位语从句。使用关系词that引导同位语从句。故填that。【4题详解】考查固定短语。句意：这些就是像哥伦布一样的水手。分析句子可知，空后是对sailors的详细列举，意为“例如、像”，因此使用短语such as，符合本句语境。故填such as。【5题详解】考查强调句。句意：这些伟人的确开启了大探险的时代，但是他们并没有开始对于世界海洋的探险。分析句子可知，这里使用助动词+动词原形表示对谓语动词的强调，且前后文为一般过去时，这里也应使用一般过
11、去时。故填did。【6题详解】考查冠词。句意：也存在商人的记录，这些商人跟随着这些探索者的路线开始对世界进行探索。分析句子可知，前文中出现了sea route, 因此选用定冠词the，特指前文出现的内容。故填the。【7题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些伟人的确开启了大探险的时代，但他们并没有开始对世界海洋的探索还有几十名商人在这条路线上追随，他们充分利用关于开放海洋的新知识，在世界各地发展贸易联系，这为现代全球化奠定了基础。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是空前的句子，在从句中作主语，因此使用which引导非限定性定语从句。故填which。【8题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：从那时起，海洋继
12、续将世界联系在一起最引人注目的是，随着19世纪苏伊士运河的修建和1914年巴拿马运河的开通，新的航线被真正地开辟出来。分析句子可知，continue to do或continue doing是固定搭配意为“继续做 ”符合本句语境。故填to tie或tying。【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一批通过巴拿马运河的货物是来自夏威夷的罐装菠萝。分析句子可知，此处使用形容词性成分修饰名词pineapples，tin是动词意为“罐装”，在这里使用非谓语动词充当前置定语修饰名词，且名词pineapples与tin之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词形式形容词作定语。故填tinned。【10题详解】考查副词
13、的比较级。句意：太平洋和大西洋比以前更紧密地联系在一起。分析句子可知，句中存在than，因此使用副词的比较级形式more closely，符合本句语境。故填more closely。【点睛】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. concerned；B. signals；C. mechanical；D. m
14、onitor；E. identification；F. philosophicalG. thoughts；H. assume；I. embedded；J. privacy；K. proceduresWould you wear a computer under your skin?Forget smartphones and smart glasses. One day, we might have smart tattoos, body modifications. The company NewDealDesign came up with an idea for a product ca
15、lled UnderSkin. The device would look like a pair of tattoos on your arms and the side of your thumb, but it would actually be a very thin computer implanted just below your skin. It would draw power from your bodys energy, and you could use it to unlock doors, _11_ your health, exchange and store i
16、nformation, or even express your personality. UnderSkin is just an idea you cant go out and get one but the technology exists to make it work. “We _12_ it is about five years from being real,” says designer Gadi Amit. Writer and technology initiator Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a radio-f
17、requency _13_ tag implanted in his hand. “I use it to log into my computer. I also use it to share contact details with people,” he says. The chip is about the size of a grain of rice and responds to radio _14_ with a unique number for recognition.If a computerized tattoo or _15_ tag isnt crazy enou
18、gh for you, what about a brain chip? The company Intel is working on technology that would let you control your devices with your mind. Dean Pomerleau, one of the researchers, explains, “Were trying to prove you can do interesting things with brain waves. Imagine being able to surf the Web with the
19、power of your _16_.” Do you think these chips sound frightening or cool? Some doctors are _17_ about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. They argue that medical _18_ are meant to heal sick people, and not to give healthy people special powers. Others worry about hacking and _1
20、9_. Could someone hack in and steal your identity, or even control your mind? On a more _20_ level, if you have a computer inside your body, are you still human? Or are you a cyborg, a being that is part human and part machine, or a machine that looks like a human being?What do you think would you w
21、ant a computer under your skin?【答案】11. D 12. H 13. E 14. B 15. I 16. G 17. A 18. K 19. J 20. F【解析】【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。随着科技的发展，可以在人的皮肤或大脑植入芯片，对此，不同的人持有不同的观点。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：它会从你身体的能量中汲取能量，你可以用它来打开门，监控你的健康，交换和存储信息，甚至表达你的个性。空处指监控健康，和use ，exchange并列用动词原形。monitor“监控”。故选D项。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：“我们认为离现实还有五年时间，”设计师GadiAm
22、it说。空后是GadiAmit的观点，用assume“认为”。故选H项。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：作者和技术发起者阿迈尔格拉夫斯特拉已经在他的手中植入了一个叫做射频识别标签的芯片。修饰tag，指射频识别标签的芯片，identification “识别”。故选E项。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：该芯片大约有一粒米的大小，对无线电信号有一个独特的识别数字。此处指无线电信号，signals“信号”。故选B项。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果一个电脑化的纹身或嵌入式标签对你来说还不够疯狂，那么一个大脑芯片呢？修饰tag用形容词，指嵌入式标签，embedded“嵌入式的”。故选I项。【16题详解
23、】考查名词。句意：想象一下，你能够用你的思想的力量在网上冲浪。由your修饰用名词，thoughts“思想”。故选G项。【17题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：一些医生担心人们在植入设备时会伤害自己。此处是短语be concerned about“担心”。故选A项。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：他们认为，医疗程序旨在治愈病人，而不是给健康的人特殊的权力。由medical修饰用名词，指医疗程序，procedures“程序，过程”。故选K项。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：其他人则担心被黑客攻击和隐私保护。根据worry about和 hacking 可知是privacy“隐私保护”。故选J项。【20题详
24、解】考查名词。句意：在更哲学的层面上，如果你体内有一台电脑，你还是人类吗？修饰level指哲学的层面，philosophical“哲学的”。故选F项。III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. For the longe
25、st time, the predominant description about renewable energy featured awkward technologies, high costs, and burdensome allowance. In the _ of strict and far-reaching policy changes, the chances for mass adoption seemed slim. Electric vehicles (EVs) simply couldnt go the distance, and LED lights were
26、unattractive and _22_. But now that these technologies have come of age, a new story is being written. Around the world, businesses, governments, and households are taking advantage of more cost-effective low-carbon technologies._23_ advances in information technologies (IT), green solutions can be
27、introduced into business operations successfully. And as public support for these technologies has grown, so have the _24_ for scaling up to a fully sustainable energy system.As in any rapid transition, a full understanding of what is happening has _25_ events. Many present energy producers find it
28、hard to believe that their world is undergoing a revolutionary change, so they insist that their heavily polluting technologies will remain _26_ and necessary for some time to come. Journalists, too, describe the transition with a degree of _27_, because it is their job to be suspicious. And politic
29、ians and regulators are cautious to adopt a new perspective, _28_ they are already struggling to keep up with the pace of change in the energy industry. To be sure _29_ doesnt come without setbacks, as the recent growth in energy-related greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions shows. Yet there is no doubt th
30、at the future of energy will be _30_ different from the recent past. In fact, the _31_ is happening even faster than we think, for example, coal-fired power plants are shutting down faster than ever, and plans for new natural-gas plants are being replaced with more cost-effective wind and solar opti
31、ons. And as the shift toward renewables gains good trends, it will be easier for elected officials to pursue more climate-friendly policies and regulations, thereby creating a(n) _32_ circle of change.As the green transition comes of age, it will offer solutions to all of humanitys energy needs, pla
32、cing a clean, prosperous and secure low-carbon future well within reach. Yet even as we hug _33_, we must not lose sight of the fact that climate change is speeding up. With GHG emissions _34_ to rise, the future of humanity hangs in the balance. One hopes that the shift to _35_ energy will tip the
33、scale in our favor.A. licenseB. absenceC. applicationD. promotion22. A. invisibleB. unbelievableC. inevitableD. unaffordable23. A. Instead ofB. Owing toC. In case ofD. According to24. A. resourcesB. revolutionsC. prospectsD. priorities25. A. caught up withB. compared withC. taken place ofD. fallen b
34、ehind26. A. relevantB. inferiorC. syntheticD. experimental27. A. mixtureB. cautionC. conflictD. approval28. A. in caseB. so thatC. even thoughD. the moment29. A. significanceB. inventionC. happinessD. progress30. A. dramaticallyB. economicallyC. independentlyD. equivalently31. A. interactionB. moder
35、nizationC. motivationD. transformation32. A. naturalB. potentialC. positiveD. original33. A. influenceB. optimismC. estimationD. extension34. A. startingB. failingC. emergingD. continuing35. A. sustainableB. traditionalC. availableD. industrial【答案】. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D
36、30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了在当今气候变暖加剧的情况下，发展可持续能源的意义十分重大。【题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在没有严格和深远的政策变化的情况下，大规模采用可再生能源的机会似乎很渺茫。A. license许可证、执照；B. absence缺席、不在场；C. application应用；D. promotion升职、促销。根据后文中“the chances for mass adoption seemed slim”结合句意，因为缺少严格的和深远的政策变化，大众采用可再生能源的机会也变得渺茫。故选B项。
37、【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电动汽车根本无法走远，而LED灯则没有吸引力，大家也负担不起。A. invisible不可见的；B. unbelievable不值得相信的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. unaffordable支付不起的。根据unattractive需要选用贬义的词汇，结合第二段中“taking advantage of more cost-effective low-carbon technologies”可知这里表示负担不起。故选D项。【23题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于信息技术的进步，绿色解决方案可以被成功地引入到商业运作中。A. Instea
38、d of而不是；B. Owing to由于、因为；C. In case of鉴于；D. According to根据。通过翻译语境可知，由于信息技术的进步，绿色的解决措施得以成功地被引进商业操作中。故选B项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着公众对这些技术的支持增加，扩大到一个完全可持续的能源系统的前景也在增加。A. resources资源；B. revolutions决心、措施；C. prospects前景；D. priorities优先权、重点。通过语境翻译可知，随着公众对于这些科技的支持上升，科技的前景规模可以上升到一个充分可持续性发展的境地。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词短语
39、辨析。句意：正如任何快速转型一样，对正在发生的事情的充分理解已经落后于正在发生的事实的。A. caught up with赶上；B. compared with相对比；C. taken place of取代、代替；D. fallen behind落后。根据后句中“Many present energy producers find it hard to believe that their world is undergoing a revolutionary change”可知，很多人不相信我们的世界正在经历一个变革性的变化，说明 “对正在发生的事情的充分理解”落后于正在发生的事实的。故选D
40、项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多目前的能源生产者发现很难相信他们的世界正在经历一场革命性的变化，所以他们坚持认为他们的重度污染技术在未来一段时间内仍然具有相关性和必要性。A. relevant相关的、切题的；B. inferior低人一等的；C. synthetic合成的；D. experimental实验性的。由本处的“their heavily polluting technologies will remain and necessary for some time to come”可知，重度污染技术在未来一段时间内仍然具有必要性，具有必要性说明就有相关性，是有用的。故选
41、A项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：记者们也在一定程度上谨慎地描述转型，因为他们的工作就是持怀疑态度。A. mixture混合物；B. caution仔细、谨慎；C. conflict冲突；D. approval赞成、通过。根据后句中“because it is their job to be suspicious”中的“suspicious”表明，记者对待此类转变的态度是谨慎的。故选B项。【28题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：而政治家和监管者则谨慎地采用新的视角，尽管他们已经在努力跟上能源行业的变化步伐。A. in case以防；B. so that以至于；C. even thoug
42、h即使；D. the moment一就。根据句意，政治学家和规则制定对于采取新的观点很谨慎，但是他们已经挣扎着追赶能源行业的变化节奏，前后句构成转折，用even though。故选C项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：可以肯定的是，进步并不是没有挫折，正如最近与能源有关的温室气体排放的增长所显示的那样。A. significance重要性；B. invention发明；C. happiness快乐；D. progress进步。根据上文语境和后文“the recent growth in energy-related greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions”可知，文章
43、在讲发展可持续能源问题，这是进步的好事，但与能源有关的温室气体排放最近有增长，可推知进步并不意味着没有阻碍。故选D项。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，毫无疑问，能源的未来将与最近的过去有很大的不同。A. dramatically显著地；B. economically节俭地；C. independently独立地；D. equivalently同等地。根据后文“for example, coal-fired power plants are shutting down faster than ever, and plans for new natural-gas plants are
44、 being replaced with more cost-effective wind and solar options”可知，燃煤电厂关闭的速度比以往任何时候都要快，而新建天然气电厂的计划正被更具成本效益的风能和太阳能所取代，表明能源的未来将与过去显著地不同。故选A项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，转型的速度比我们想象的还要快，例如，燃煤发电厂的关闭速度比以往任何时候都快，新天然气发电厂的计划正被更具成本效益的风能和太阳能替代。A. interaction互动；B. modernization现代化；C. motivation动机、激励；D. transformatio
45、n转变。根据后面所给出的例子“for example, coal-fired power plants are shutting down faster than ever, and plans for new natural-gas plants are being replaced with more cost-effective wind and solar options”和“the shift”可知，用煤炭作为动力的工厂倒闭的很快，并且建立天然气工厂的计划被更为节省开支的风能或者太阳能所替代，可知转变比我们想象的更为快速。故选D项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且，随着向
46、可再生能源的转变获得良好的趋势，当选官员将更容易追求更多的气候友好型政策和法规，从而创造一个积极的变化循环。A. natural自然的；B. potential潜在的；C. positive积极的；D. original起源的。由上文“And as the shift toward renewables gains good trends, it will be easier for elected officials to pursue more climate-friendly policies and regulations”可知，向可再生能源的转变获得了很好的趋势，当政官员会追求更为环
47、境友好型的政策和法规，都是积极的影响，这会形成一个积极的变化循环。故选C项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，即使我们抱着乐观的态度，我们也不能忽视气候变化正在加速的事实。A. influence影响；B. optimism乐观；C. estimation估计；D. extension延伸。根据前文“the shift toward renewables gains good trends”提及的向可再生能源的转变获得了良好的态势可知，这里表示当我们拥抱乐观的时候，我们不能失去对于能源变化正在加速这一事实的把握。故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着温室气体排放量的持续
48、上升，人类的未来岌岌可危。A. starting开始；B. failing失败；C. emerging出现、浮现；D. continuing继续。根据前文“the recent growth in energy-related greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions”可知，随着温室气体的持续增加，人类的未来安危未决。故选D项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们希望，向可持续能源的转变将有利于我们。A. sustainable可持续性的；B. traditional传统的；C. available可得到的；D. industrial工业的。根据前文“the sca
49、ling up to a fully sustainable energy system”可推知，一个完全可持续的能源系统的前景在增加，文章主要讲向可持续能源转变，发展可持续能源问题。故选A项。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the on
50、e that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A)On the night of September 19, 1961, Betty Hill and her husband Barney were driving home through the White Mountains from Niagara Falls. They were travelling on a nearly deserted two-lane highway when Betty noticed a
51、 steady light in the sky that was getting bigger and brighter. She thought it was a planet or a star. Barney, stimulated at her excitement, said it was probably just a wandering aeroplane. Whatever it was, it appeared to be following them. They stopped their car for a closer look. What they said hap
52、pened next, changed their lives. The flying object was noiseless. It appeared to be spinning. It was as big as a jet but shaped like a pancake.So formed the tale of Betty Hill, a New Hampshire social worker who, with Barney, a postal worker, claimed to be kidnapped by aliens, who were from outer spa
53、ce, on a moonlit night about 60 years ago.After reluctantly going public with her experience, Hill, who died of cancer at her New Hampshire home, aged 85, became a celebrity on the UFO circuit and was known as the “first lady of UFOs”. Intriguingly, at the time of the incident, the Hills remembered
54、nothing except that they had spied a strange object in the sky. Later, troubled by nightmares and other stress-related pains, the couple underwent hypnosis(催眠) where the full story came out with the aid of Boston psychiatrist Benjamin Simon, an expert in medical hypnosis.On their night of contact th
55、e Hills arrived home at 5 a.m., unable to account for two lost hours. They were also confused by the odd marks on their telescopes, deep signs on the tops of Barneys best shoes, Bettys torn dress and strange circular markings on their car that made the needle of a compass jump wildly.After seeing th
56、em for six months, the psychiatrist concluded the Hills lost memory about the hours they lost on that night in 1961 “appeared to involve an amazing experience on the part of both of the Hills”. Whether the experience had been fantasy or reality, Simon could not say, but he said he was convinced they
57、 had not been lying. He guessed that it had been a kind of shared dream. Reports of aliens capturing humans and taking them aboard oddly shaped spacecraft were “comparatively rare” before 1975. After a movie, “The UFO Incident”, about the Hills came out, however, such stories increased.36. When they
58、 saw the strange object in the sky, Barney and Betty Hill _.A. were astonished at its strange flight and noiseB. regarded it as just a wandering car following themC. realized immediately what the danger it might causeD. showed curiosity in discovering what it really was37. The word “Intriguingly” in
59、 paragraph 6 most probably means “_”.A. RidiculouslyB. TemporarilyC. RemarkablyD. Mysteriously38. The Hills later sought the help of a psychiatrist because _.A. they had lots of secrets in their lives after the strange experienceB. their lives were greatly disturbed by the unexpected experienceC. th
60、ey wanted to share their unforgettable experience with the expertD. they hoped to forget completely what had happened to them39. This article was written in order to _.A. describe an unusual event to the readersB. convince readers of the existence of UFOsC. record how people were caught by aliensD.
61、warn people of the dangers the UFOs cause【答案】36. D 37. D 38. B 39. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要描述了一对夫妇发现天空中不明物体的经历，他们因为这个经历成为名人，而后他们的生活又被困扰，最后对发现不明物体这件事情做出了一些离奇解释。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They stopped their car for a closer look”（他们停下车为了更近的看看）可知他们对于这个东西是什么是很好奇的，故选D项。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章划线词后面的句子“at the time of the i
62、ncident，the Hill remembered nothing except that they had spied a strange object in the sky.”（在事情发生后，Hill一家除了在天空中发现了一个奇怪的物体外，什么都不记得了）可知这件事是神秘的，难以理解的。A.ridiculously可笑地，荒谬地。B.temporarily临时地。C.remarkably显著地，非常地。D.mysteriously神秘地，难以理解地，结合选项翻译可知，D项mysteriously神秘地符合语境。故选D项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段“troubled by
63、nightmares and other stress-related pains, the couple underwent hypnosis where the full story came out with the aid of Boston Psychiatrist Benjamin Simon”（在噩梦和其他压力相关的痛苦困扰下，在波士顿精神病学家本杰明西蒙的帮助下，这对夫妇经历了催眠。）可知他们的生活被这个意外的经历所打扰，所以寻求精神病医生的帮助。故选B项。【39题详解】推理判断题。整篇文章围绕这对夫妇的经历展开来写，先描述他们的经历，然后描述了他们因为这个经历成为名人，而后他
64、们的生活又被困扰，直至最后对这件事情的一些离奇解释，说明作者写这篇文章是为了向读者描述一个不寻常的事情，故选A项。【点睛】(B)The changing population throughout the globalizing world, in particular an increase in the aging population and a decrease in birth rates, is disturbing housing markets.Since 1970, global average income per person has increased, with a
65、few exceptions as in 2009 and 2015, and inequality has also widened among and within nations. The International Monetary Funds Global House Price Index collapsed in 2008 before climbing again to reach pre-crisis levels. Due to these population and financial trends, household structures have changed
66、with increased preference for smaller, shared living quarters and less home ownership worldwide. Analysts increasingly focus on mapping and predicting effects of globalization on housing markets and individual decisions.Countries at the forefront of globalization, namely the United States and China,
67、 as well as rapidly globalizing countries like India, expect their aging populations to double by the year 2050. Coupled with changes to the family structure, especially a childbirth rate nearly halved since 1950 and more two-income households, decisions involving the housing stock are more complex
68、than ever before. The three countries may share a common challenge: Their governments are not well prepared for rapid growth in their graying populations. Out of the three, the United States could be most affected, as the primary-mode of senior care in China and India is in-home care. If family supp
69、ort remains the top choice for senior care, this could prevent India and China from the possible negative effects of the inadequate public and private planning. In-home care involves family members covering the cost and accommodation of senior members. About 65 percent of US elderly in need of assis
70、tance rely on family and friends, and non-family senior care is relatively new for India and China.40. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 1 and 2?A. The housing markets are mostly affected by the decrease in birth rates and rise in death rates.B. Inequality has widened among and w
71、ithin nations due to the rapid globalization of the households.C. The population and financial trends led to increased preference for smaller, shared accommodations.D. Analysts think globalization has decisive effects on housing markets and individual decisions.41. What can be inferred from the last
72、 two paragraphs and the illustration?A. The aging populations of the three countries are expected to decrease by 2050.B. Non-family senior care probably remains the best choice for the elderly in America.C. China will probably have the largest percentage of the senior population by 2050.D. The three
73、 giants in terms of population must avoid the challenges from their citizens.42 The best title for the passage is _.A. The challenge for the agedB. Shelter for an aging worldC. The rapid growth of populationD. Comparison on globalization【答案】40. C 41. C 42. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。在全球化的世界中，不断变化的人口，特别是老龄化人口
74、的增加和出生率的下降，正在扰乱住房市场。文章主要讲老龄化现象越来越严重及对老龄人口的护理方式。【40题详解】细节理解题。A选项主要受出生率和死亡率过于片面，文中只提到受人口和财政的影响。B项没有提到；D选项文中第二段最后一句，分析人士越来越关注于预测全球化对房地产市场和个人决策的影响，而不是他们认为有影响。根据第二段“Due to these population and financial trends, household structures have changed with increased preference for smaller, shared living quarter
75、s and less home ownership worldwide. (由于这些人口和金融趋势，家庭结构发生了变化，人们越来越倾向于更小的、共享的住所和更少的住房拥有率)”可知，人口和金融趋势导致更倾向于较小的、共享的住所。故选C。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“expect their aging populations to double by the year 2050.”预计这三个国家的老龄化人口将到2050年翻一番，同时由图表也可以推断出2050年中国的老龄化人口占比将是最大的。故选C。【42题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“The changing population
76、throughout the globalizing world, in particular an increase in the aging population and a decrease in birth rates, is disturbing housing markets.(在全球化的世界中，不断变化的人口，特别是老龄化人口的增加和出生率的下降，正在扰乱住房市场。)”可知，文章主要讲老龄化现象越来越严重的现状及对老龄人口的护理方式。故选B。(C)Cuckoos dont bother building their own neststhey just lay eggs that
77、 perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests. But other birds are wishing up, evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.Cuckoos are often know as parasites, meaning that they hide their eggs in the nest of other species. To avoid detection, the cuckoos ha
78、ve evolved so that eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets. If the host bird doesnt notice the strange egg in its nest, the little cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out, taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest.To avoid
79、this unpleasant fate for their young, the other birds have evolved a few smart ways to spot the fakes, which were only now beginning to fully understand. One of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra colour-sensitive cell in their eyes, which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet
80、wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colours than humans can. This allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg which might be exactly the same to our eyes.Fascinatingly, were actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with t
81、he cuckoos. For instance, some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts. The blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the redstarts, and yet they are still sometimes rejected. Compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks. While those birds lay perfectly blue eggs, t
82、heir cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots. And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.Biologists suspect these more easily fooled species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until the
83、y evolve the same levels of suspicion. Whats remarkable is that the dunnocks fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good, and yet cuckoos are still more successful with the former than the latter.It speaks to just how thoroughly a species behavior can be changed by the pressures of natural select
84、ion, or it might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks. Biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite every so often because they dont want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs.43. This passage can be most likely found
85、 in a _.A. science surveyB. nature magazineC. zoo advertisementD. travel journal44. What does the underlined word “parasite” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?A. Animals that work together to raise young.B Small harmful animals such as worms or mice.C. Animals that can adapt to changing environm
86、ents.D. Animals which live on or inside other host animals.45. Which of the following is TRUE about the dunnock according to the passage?A. It is colour-blind and therefore cannot identify foreign eggs in the nest.B. It can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.C. It is a
87、host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.D. It is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.46. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.B. Redstarts seem to be less
88、suspicious compared to dunnocks.C. Cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.D. It is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnocks egg.【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了布谷鸟会把卵产在其他鸟类的巢穴里，然后占领它们的巢穴，对此其它鸟类进化出了一些可以识别布谷鸟蛋的技巧。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Cu
89、ckoos dont bother building their own neststhey just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests. But other birds are wishing up, evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.(布谷鸟不喜欢自己筑巢，它们只是产卵，产卵时完全模仿其他鸟类的产卵，然后占领它们的巢穴。但其他鸟类却在期盼，进化出了一些让人印象深刻的识别布
90、谷鸟蛋的技巧)”结合文章主要介绍了布谷鸟会把卵产在其他鸟类的巢穴里，然后占领它们的巢穴，对此其它鸟类进化出了一些可以识别杜鹃蛋的技巧。可推知，文章可能选自自然杂志。故选B。【44题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“meaning that they hide their eggs in the nest of other species”可知，布谷鸟会把卵产在其他鸟类的巢穴里，然后占领它们的巢穴，即布谷鸟是寄生在其他鸟类的巢穴里，故画线词指的是“生活在其他宿主动物身上或体内的动物”，用于鸟类则为“寄生鸟”。故选D。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“While those birds
91、lay perfectly blue eggs, their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots. And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.(这些鸟下的蛋是完美的蓝色，而入侵的布谷鸟只下带有棕色不规则斑点的白色蛋。然而，篱雀似乎从来没有注意到这个明显的把戏)”以及倒数第二段中“Biologists suspect these more easily fooled species like the dunnoc
92、ks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion.(生物学家怀疑，这些更容易被愚弄的物种，比如篱雀，与红雀的进化路径相同，但要达到同样的怀疑水平，它们还有很长的路要走)”可知，关于篱雀的说法中，C选项“它是一种宿主鸟，比红雀更有可能养一只布谷鸟雏”正确。故选C。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Biologists suspect these more easily fo
93、oled species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion. (生物学家怀疑，这些更容易被愚弄的物种，比如篱雀，与红雀的进化路径相同，但要达到同样的怀疑水平，它们还有很长的路要走)”可推知，篱雀最终会学会识别外来的卵。故选A。Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in
94、 each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.AI could help us deconstruct the magic of musicWe all know that music is a powerful influencer. _47_ Fitness without a warm-blooded song would be boring. But
95、 is there a way to quantify these reactions? And if so, could they be reverse-engineered and put to use? In a new paper, researchers at the University of Southern California mapped out how things like tone, rhythm, and harmony cause different types of brain activity, physiological reactions (heat, s
96、weat, and changes in electrical response), and emotions(happiness or sadness), and how machine learning could use those relationships to predict how people might respond to a new piece of music. The results, presented at a conference on the intersections of computer science and art, show how we may
97、one day be able to engineer targeted musical experiences for purposes ranging from therapy to movies. _48_ “Once we understand how media can affect our various emotions, then we can try to productively use it for actually supporting or enhancing human experiences,” says Shrikanth Narayanan, a profes
98、sor at USC and the principal investigator in the lab.The researchers first searched music streaming sites for songs with very few plays, tagged either “happy” or “sad.” _49_ Two reliably caused sadness and one reliably caused happiness. One hundred participants who hadnt heard the songs before split
99、 into two groups, listened to all three pieces, and either took a special scan or wore pulse, heat, and electricity sensors on their skin and rated the intensity of their emotions on a scale of 0 to 10. The researchers then fed the data, along with 74 features for each song, into several machine-lea
100、rning mathematical steps and examined which features were the strongest predictors of responses. They found, for example, that the brightness of a song (the level of its medium and high frequencies) and the strength of its beat were both among the best predictors of how a song would affect a listene
101、rs heart rate and brain activity.The research is still in very early stages, and it will be a while before more powerful machine-learning models will be able to predict your mental and physical reactions to a song with any precision. But the researchers are excited about how such models could be app
102、lied: to design music for specific individuals, to create movie soundtracks easily arousing sympathy, or to help patients with mental health problems stimulate specific parts of their brain. _50_ They want to start trying music-based therapies as well.A. The research focuses on whether machine can l
103、earn to predict peoples preference of music.B. The lab is already working with addiction treatment clinics to see how other forms of media could help patients.C. A movie without a soundtrack doesnt stimulate the same emotional journey.D. Through a series of human testers, 60 pieces for each emotion
104、were narrowed down to a final list of three.E. The research is part of the labs broader goal to understand how different forms of media affect peoples bodies and brains.F. The researchers are excited about how AI could be used to enhance the function of music in more fields.【答案】47. C 48. E 49. D 50.
105、 B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个研究表明音调、节奏等可以引起不同类型的大脑活动、生理反应和情绪变化，未来可以利用人工智能产生特定的音乐体验用来进行治疗和电影配乐制作。【47题详解】根据下一句“Fitness without a warm-blooded song would be boring. ”（没有热血歌曲的健身会很无聊）可知此处说的是没有音乐的坏处。所以C项“A movie without a soundtrack doesnt stimulate the same emotional journey.”（一部没有配乐的电影不会刺激同样的情感旅程）符合语境，上下文话题
106、一致，其中stimulate the same emotional journey与后句warm-blooded相呼应。故选C项。【48题详解】根据下一句“Once we understand how media can affect our various emotions, then we can try to productively use it for actually supporting or enhancing human experiences”（一旦我们了解了媒体是如何影响我们的各种情绪的，那么我们就可以尝试有效地利用它来支持或增强人类的体验）可知此处说的是媒体是如何影响我
107、们的各种情绪的。所以E项“The research is part of the labs broader goal to understand how different forms of media affect peoples bodies and brains.”（这项研究是该实验室更广泛目标的一部分，目的是了解不同形式的媒体如何影响人们的身体和大脑）符合语境，其中how different forms of media affect peoples bodies and brains与后句how media can affect our various emotions形成呼应。故选
108、E项。【49题详解】根据下一句“Two reliably caused sadness and one reliably caused happiness.”（其中两个确实引起了悲伤，一个确实引起了快乐）可知此处说的是三首歌曲的结果。所以D项 “Through a series of human testers, 60 pieces for each emotion were narrowed down to a final list of three.”（通过一系列的人体测试，每种情绪的60个片段被缩小到最后的3个）符合语境，其中a final list of three与后句Two.and
109、 one相呼应。故选D项。【50题详解】根据上一句“But the researchers are excited about how such models could be applied: to design music for specific individuals, to create movie soundtracks easily arousing sympathy, or to help patients with mental health problems stimulate specific parts of their brain.”（但研究人员对这些模型的应用感到兴
110、奋：为特定个体设计音乐，制作容易引起共情的电影配乐，或者帮助有心理健康问题的患者刺激他们大脑的特定部位）可知此处说的是为特定的人设计特定的音乐来治疗他们。所以B项“The lab is already working with addiction treatment clinics to see how other forms of media could help patients.”（实验室已经在与戒毒诊所合作，研究其他形式的媒体如何帮助患者）符合语境，其中other forms of media与前句design music、create movie soundtracks形成呼应。故选
111、B项。IV. Summary Writing51. Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.How the smartphone affected teensSome parents might worry about their teens spending so much time on their pho
112、nes because it represents a complete departure from how they spent their own adolescence. But spending this much time on screens is not just differentin many ways, its actually worse.Spending less time with friends means less time to develop social skills. A 2014 study found that sixth graders who s
113、pent just five days at a camp without using screens ended the time better at reading emotions on others faces, suggesting that teens screen-filled lives might cause their social skills to decline.In addition, teens using smartphones read books, magazines and newspapers much less than previous genera
114、tions did as teens: In the annual Monitoring the Future survey, the percentage of high school seniors who read a non-required book or magazine nearly every day dropped from 60 percent in 1980 to only 16 percent in 2015. College teachers tell me that students have more trouble reading longer text pas
115、sages, and rarely read the required textbooks. This isnt to say that teens who use smartphones dont have a lot going for them. They are physically safer and more tolerant than previous generations were. They also seem to have more realistic expectations than their parents did at the same age. But th
116、e smartphone threatens to disturb them before they even get started.To be clear, moderate smartphone useup to an hour a dayis not linked to mental health issues. However, most teens are on their phones much more than that.Somewhat to my surprise, the teens I interviewed said they would rather see th
117、eir friends in person than communicate with them using their phones. Parents used to worry about their teens spending too much time with their friendsthey were a distraction, a bad influence, a waste of time. But it might be just what teens need.【答案】Teens spending too much time on smartphones affect
118、ed their development and caused parents worry. Studies found using smartphones might prevent teens developing social skills and reading abilities. But teens using smartphones properly are physically safer, more tolerant and realistic, and moderate smartphone use has no connection with mental health
119、problems. Actually, teens prefer face-to-face communication with their friends. (58 words)【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，青少年花太多时间在智能手机上影响了他们的发展，引起了父母的担心。研究发现使用智能手机可能会阻碍青少年发展社交技能和阅读能力。但正确使用智能手机的青少年在身体上更安全，更宽容，更现实，适度使用智能手机与心理健康问题没有关系。实际上，青少年更喜欢与朋友面对面的交流。【详解】1 要点摘录Some parents might worry about their teens spe
120、nding so much time on their phones because it represents a complete departure from how they spent their own adolescence.A 2014 study found that sixth graders who spent just five days at a camp without using screens ended the time better at reading emotions on others faces, suggesting that teens scre
121、en-filled lives might cause their social skills to decline.They are physically safer and more tolerant than previous generations were. They also seem to have more realistic expectations than their parents did at the same age.To be clear, moderate smartphone useup to an hour a dayis not linked to men
122、tal health issues.Somewhat to my surprise, the teens I interviewed said they would rather see their friends in person than communicate with them using their phones.2.缜密构思将第1、2、5三个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Teens spending too much time on smartphones affected their development and caused parents worr
123、y.Studies found using smartphones might prevent teens developing social skills and reading abilitiesBut teens using smartphones properly are physically safer, more tolerant and realistic, and moderate smartphone use has no connection with mental health problems. Actually, teens prefer face-to-face c
124、ommunication with their friends.【点睛】高分句型1 Teens spending too much time on smartphones affected their development and caused parents worry.运用主语部分的复合结构将第一段中青少年玩手机的现象表达了出来，结合谓语affect和宾语development，以及并列句中谓语cause和宾语parents worry完整地概括出第一段内容。其中动名词的复合结构和并列谓语表达高级。高分句型2：But teens using smartphones properly ar
125、e physically safer, more tolerant and realistic, and moderate smartphone use has no connection with mental health problems. 用并列连词and连接两个句子对第四、五段进行了概括，言简意赅。第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 刚到中国不久，美食就让游客们胃口大开。
126、（Shortly after）(汉译英)【答案】Shortly after the tourists arrived in China, delicious food aroused their appetites.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定搭配、时态和时间状语从句。分析句子可知结构可知，表示“.不久”使用shortly after，引导时间状语从句；表示“到中国”使用动词短语arrive in China；表示“胃口大开”使用固定搭配arouse ones appetite；再结合其他汉语提示可知，本句使用一般过去时。故翻译为Shortly after the tourists arr
127、ived in China, delicious food aroused their appetites.53. 上海大剧院位于市中心人民广场，建筑风格独特，造型优美。（locate）(汉译英)【答案】Shanghai Grand Theater is located at the Peoples Square in the city centre, unique in architectural style and graceful in shape.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语、形容词和名词。表示“坐落于，位于”应用动词短语be located in/at，作谓语，结合语境可知此
128、处为一般现在时；表示“风格独特” 应用短语unique in architectural style，表示“造型优美” 应用短语graceful in shape。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Shanghai Grand Theater is located at the Peoples Square in the city centre, unique in architectural style and graceful in shape。54. 越来越多的证据表明，体育锻炼对儿童的智力发展与兴趣培养有积极影响。（There）(汉译英)【答案】There is growing/more an
129、d more evidence that physical exercise has a positive impact/effect on childrens intellectual development and interest cultivation.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定句型，固定搭配，形容词等。分析句子可知，该句应使用一般现在时，陈述一般事实。表达“越来越多的”，可使用形容词growing，或短语more and more。表达“证据表明”可根据题目要求使用句型“there is evidence that.” 用that引导同位语从句。表达 “对有影响”可使用短语“h
130、ave.impact/effect on sth./sb.”。故翻译为There is growing/more and more evidence that physical exercise has a positive impact/effect on childrens intellectual development and interest cultivation.。55. 毕业在即，我既高兴又自豪，也认识到唯有不断学习、努力奋斗才会未来可期。（approach）(汉译英)【答案】As graduation is approaching, I feel (both) happy a
131、nd proud of myself and also realize that only by continuous learning and hard work can I achieve/have a promising future.【解析】【详解】考查状语从句、宾语从句及倒装。as引导的时间状语从句，意为“随着”，“毕业”用graduation，“接近”用approach，状语从句使用进行时表将来。主句中，“既又”是短语both.and.，“高兴”happy，“自豪”proud；“认识到”realize后加宾语从句，only加状语置于句首，后面句子用部分倒装，“不断学习”用conti
132、nuous learning，“努力奋斗”用hard work，“未来可期”用chieve/have a promising future。故答案为As graduation is approaching, I feel (both) happy and proud of myself and also realize that only by continuous learning and hard work can I achieve/have a promising future.VI. Guided Writing56. Directions: Write an English com
133、position in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.学校图书馆正在改造，拟添置打印机、扫描仪和咖啡机这三项设备中的一项，并打算购买一些装饰物品来美化环境，目前学生会在广泛征求意见。假设你是该校学生王佳，请给学生会发封邮件，给出你的建议，内容须包括： 你建议图书馆添置的设备及理由（三选一）； 你建议图书馆购买的装饰物品及理由（两件）。【答案】Dear Student Union，Im Wang Jia, learning that our school wants to make some
134、improvement in the school library. I am desperate to share some opinions.When it comes to choosing facilities. I will recommend a coffee machine. Compared with adding the typing machine and the scanner, a coffee machine has evident advantages over them. On the one hand, there is a lack of coffee mac
135、hine. On the other hand, a typing machine and a scanner can be easily accessible to us in our teachers office.In terms of the inner decorations, without any doubt, green plants and paintings from our students and teachers can beautify our reading rooms. For one thing, green plants can provide fresh
136、air. For another, paintings from our students and teachers showing our positive spiritual features, will enhance our artistic appreciation.I hope you can consider my advice seriously. Thank you for sparing your time for reading my letter.Yours,Wang Jia【解析】【分析】本片书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生作为高中生，对于学校图书馆添置设备及购买装饰，
137、提出建议,完成一封建议信。【详解】1.词汇积累听说：knowing that/hearing that=learning that 想要：be intended to do/mean to do=want to do 设备、设施：equipmentfacility明显的：obvious/palpableevident 2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：I will recommend a coffee machine. Compared with adding the typing machine and the scanner, a coffee machine has evident advan
138、tages over them.拓展句：I will recommend a coffee machine which has evident advantages, compared with adding the typing machine and the scanner.【点睛】高分句型1 For another, paintings from our students and teachers showing our positive spiritual features, will enhance our artistic appreciation. (运用了现在分词作后置定语)高分句型2 I hope you can consider my advice seriously. (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句)
