1、课时作业(十七)选修Unit2Whatishappinesstoyou?.阅读理解A2021开封市高三第一次模拟Dontlikeseedsinyourtomatoes? Youmightbepleasedtoknowthatseedlessoneshavebeencreatedbygeneediting.Thiscouldcreateawiderangeofseedlessfruits, butfewmayeverbeseeninthesupermarketifregulatorsdecidetotreatgeneeditedcropsinthesamewayasgeneticallyengi
2、neered (转基因的) ones.Severalseedlessfruits, frombananastograpes, arealreadyavailable, buthavemostlyappearedbyluckratherthandesign.Andalthoughthereareafewseedlessvarietiesoftomatoes, theyvetakenresearchersmanyyearstocreate.Nowitcanbedoneveryquickly, asKeishiOsakabeatTokushimaUniversityinJapanhasshown.H
3、isteamusedtheCRISPRgeneeditingtechnologytomakefruitsdevelopeventhoughnoseedshadbeguntoform.“Wehaventtastedthemyet, butintheorytheyshouldtastethesame，”saysOsakabe.Therehavebeenafeweffortstocreateseedlesstomatoesusingearliergeneticengineeringtechniques.ThesemethodstakelongertimecomparedwithCRISPR.Some
4、“seedless”fruitsjusthaveverysmallseeds, andstillrequirepollination (授粉).Butcompletelyseedlessfruitsliketheeditedtomatoesdonotrequirepollinationatall.Suchplantscouldimprovefoodsecuritybyreducingourrelianceonsmallerbeepopulations, saysSaulCunninghamattheAustralianNationalUniversity.Manyfruitgrowersbuy
5、beestopollinatetheircrops.Thereisadeficiencyforfarmers, however.Seedlessplantsusuallyhavetobegrownfromcuttings, whichinvolvesmorelaborthanplantingseeds.CRISPRcouldbeusedtodevelopothertypesoffruitthatdontrequirepollinators, aswellasintroducebeneficialmutations (突变), saysOsakabe.Buttomakeitontothesupe
6、rmarket, geneeditedplantsmayhavetomeetthesamestandardsasgeneticallyengineeredplants, whichwouldgreatlyincreasecosts.Somearguethatsincegeneeditingisusedtointroducemutationsalreadyfoundinsomeoftheplantsweeat,itshouldnotrequiresuchstrictregulations.1Whathasbeentheproblemwithseedlesstomatoescreatedinthe
7、past?ATheirtastewasnotverygood.BTheystillhadafewbigseeds.CTheirgenescouldnotberecognized.DTheytookquitealongtimetocreate.2WhatdidKeishiOsakabesteamdo?ATheyeditedtomatoesgenes.BTheychangedthetasteoftomatoes.CTheymadeseedlessbananasandgrapes.DTheycreatedgeneticallyengineeredtomatoes.3WhyisCRISPRbetter
8、thanpreviousmethods?AItwillstillrequirepollination.BItwillremainunaffectedwithoutbees.CItwillreducepeoplesrelianceonfoodsecurity.DItwillmakemanygrowersbuybeesforpollination.4Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deficiency”inParagraph7probablymean?ADanger.BDisadvantage.CBenefit.DSolution.B2021山西省高三第一次测试Morethan
9、halfofworkingAfricanshavejobsinagriculture, butinadequatetoolsandalackofinvestmenthaveleftthecontinentsmostlysmallfarmsstrugglingtofeedagrowingpopulation.Now, awaveoftechnologicalsolutionsisaimingtohelp.EstherUsman, fromKadunaState, NorthwestNigeria, hasbeengrowingcornsinceshewas17, whenshedroppedou
10、tofschooltosupportherfamilyafterherfathersdeath.Twodecadeson, shewasstruggling.Sheoftenlayawakeatnightworryingabouthowtofeedandeducateherchildren.Attimes, moneyransolowthatshewasforcedtosellhercropforabit.“Ifmyfarmwasaffectedbypests, Icouldonlyaffordtobuyasmallamountofpesticide, whichwasusuallynotef
11、fective.Andcorninstorageisoftenlosttomoisture (潮气) andpests, whichisabigproblem，”saysUsman, now38.In2017, UsmanjoinedBabbanGona, asocialenterprisethatactsasafarmerspartnerandoffersfarmerscredit, trainingandothersupport.Itwaslaunchedin2012with102farmers, andnowworkswith20,000.FieldofficersemployedbyB
12、abbanGonaphotographitsfarmersfields.Anappreviewsthephotos, evaluatingthegermination (发芽) rateandseeingifthesoilneedsnutrientsbasedonleafcolors.Thefieldofficersstepintowarnfarmersofanyproblemstheyfindandadviseonpossiblesolutions.Somefarmershaveincreasedtheiryields (产量) by50percent.Oncethecornisharves
13、ted, BabbanGonastoresitinsealedcontainersandaimstosellitattherighttimetomaximizethefarmersprofits.ThepaymentsUsmanreceivesfromBabbanGonaallowhertoinvestinacow, tobuynewclothesforherfamily, andtobuildahouse.5WhatcanUsmanbedescribedinherearlylife?AActivebutunskilled.BResponsibleandwise.CHardworkingbut
14、penniless.DPainedandunambitious.6WhatwasthechallengeforUsmanafterharvestingcorn?ASellingit.BReservingit.CKillingpestsonthefarm.DFeedingandeducatingherchildren.7HowdothefieldofficersworkinBabbanGona?ATheyevaluatethephotosofcrops.BTheylendmoneytoneedyfarmers.CTheysendphotostakenbyfarmerstoanapp.DTheys
15、erveasabridgebetweenfarmersandit.8Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?ATechnologyhelpsAfricanfarmerslivebetter.BAcompanysupportsAfricanfarmers.CFarminginAfricaisfacedwithadifficultsituation.DAfricanfarmersinventsmartfarming.七选五2021武汉市高中毕业生供题Ithadlongbeentroublingalittleboythathisdeskmatecouldrank1stinthe
16、classeverytimewhilehefailedto: heonlyranked21st.Athome, heaskedhismom, “Mom, amImorestupidthanothers? IfeelIamashardworkingashim, buthowcomeIalwaysfallbehind？”_1_Inanothertest, theboyranked15th, andhisdeskmateremained1st.Backhome, heraisedthesamequestion._2_However, wasthisanswerinhersonsbestinteres
17、t? Thankgoodnessshedidnotopenhermouth.Thereweretimesshewantedtotellhim, “YourfatherandIusedtobeoutstanding.Whyarentyoujustasclever？”Butshestoppedbecauseshefeltitwascrueltoblamehimandthatsheneededabetteranswer._3_Toreducetheburdenonhersonwhowassufferingfromthepainsofunsatisfyinggradesandrankings, Mom
18、decidedtotakehimtothesea.Duringthetrip, shemanagedtogiveoutananswer.Now, theboynolongerworriesabouthisrankings, because, withthe1stranking, heisadmittedtoatopuniversity._4_Inthelecture, hementionedavaluableexperience, “WhenmymotherandIwerelyingonthebeach, shepointedtothefrontandsaid, Doyouseetheseab
19、irdsoverthere? Whenthewavescomenear, littlebirdscanrisequicklywhileitwouldtakelongerforclumsyseagullstocompletetheprocess.However, haveyounoticedbirdsthatfinallyflyacrosstheendlessoceanarenoneotherthanclumsyseagulls？_5_”Themovingspeechaffectedmanymotherspresentintotears, includinghismother.AFeelings
20、adforhersonsfailure, Momscoldedhim.BMomreallywantedtotellhersonthatintelligencediffers.CHearingthewords, shewentwordless, notknowinghowtoexplain.DYoumightbeabitslower, butyouwillbetheonewhowillmakeit!EMomwassoproudofhersonssuccessthatsheoftentoldthattoothers.FBacktohishighschool, hewasinvitedtogivea
21、speechtothestudentsandparents.GTimeflyingswiftly, despitegreatefforts,hewasstillunabletokeepupwithhisdeskmate.语法填空2021湖南省名校联盟高三联考Chinesepeopleareproudoftheirfood.However, whenforeignerstalkaboutChinesefood, theyexpressopinions1._yourexpectations.AsIgrewupintheUK, theChinesefoodIwasusedtoeatingwas2._
22、InowrecognizeasGuangdongfoodbecausemostChineseimmigrantstotheUKcamefromGuangdong.Thetypicaldish3._ (order) therewouldbeporkinsweetandsoursauce.WhenmostBritishpeopleattempted4._ (pronounce) wordsinChinese, theyactuallymadethesoundofCantonese.SohearingMandarin(普通话) iskindof5._hugeshocktosomeBritishpeo
23、ple, whothinkitsoundscompletelydifferentfromthewordstheyhaveheard!Britishpeoples6._ (think) onChinesefoodisprobablychanging, though.ChineseAmericanchef, KenHom, who7._ (work) onBritishTVforover30years, says: “Chinesefoodinthe1980sintheUKwasmainlysweet.Nowmoreregional(地方的) ChinesefoodfromSichuan, Hun
24、anandotherareasofChina8._(see).Thesevariouscuisinesbecomesuccessfulhereand9._ (taste) ChinesedishesalsobroadentheirappealtotheBritish.”ButwhatdoforeignersthinkwhentheycometoChinaandeatrealChinesefood? Inmyexperience, theimpressionusuallyis10._ (amazing) good.课时作业(十七).阅读理解A语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会科技与生活使用基因编
25、辑技术研制无籽或无核水果。【语篇解读】该文主要介绍了使用基因编辑技术可以更快地研制出无籽或无核水果，但这种水果要想进入超市，可能必须符合与转基因水果相同的标准。1答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“theyve taken researchers many years to create”和第五段中的“These methods take longer time compared with CRISPR”可知，过去创造无籽西红柿很耗时，故选D。2答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“His team used the CRISPR geneediting technology t
26、o.no seeds had begun to form”可知，Keishi Osakabe的团队编辑了西红柿的基因，故A项正确。3答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第八段中的“CRISPR could be used to develop other types of fruit that dont require pollinators”可知，CRISPR可用于研制其他类型的不需要传粉者的水果。由此可推知，CRISPR不会受到没有蜜蜂的影响，故选B。4答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据第七段中的“Seedless plants usually have to be grown from cut
27、tings, which involves more labor than planting seeds”可知，种植无籽植物通常需要投入更多劳动。由此可推知，这对农民来说并不是什么好事，故画线词的含义与B项词义最接近。danger“危险”，disadvantage“劣势”，benefit“益处”，solution“解决办法”。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会社会进步科技改善非洲农民的生活状况【语篇解读】文章以Esther Usman为例介绍了非洲农民在科技的帮助下生活状况得以改善的情况。5答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Esther Usman, from Kaduna Sta
28、te, Northwest Nigeria, has been growing corn since she was 17, when she dropped out of school to support her family after her fathers death. Two decades on, she was struggling. She often lay awake at night worrying about how to feed and educate her children”可推断，Usman在早年间虽然努力工作但过着贫穷的生活。6答案与解析：B考查细节理解
29、。根据第三段中的“And corn in storage is often lost to moisture (潮气) and pests, which is a big problem”可知，Usman说储藏中的玉米经常会因为潮气和害虫而坏掉，因此对她来说收完玉米后的储存是个问题，即储存玉米是一个挑战。故答案为B。7答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第四段中对field officers的工作内容的介绍“Field officers employed by Babban Gona photograph its farmers fields.The field officers step in
30、to warn farmers of any problems they find and advise on possible solutions”可知，Babban Gona雇用的田地工作人员对农民的田地进行拍照，一个应用程序审核这些照片并评估这些照片中的农作物，而后田地工作人员告诉农民他们发现的任何问题，并就可能的解决方案提出建议。由此可推知，田地工作人员充当了农民和这个公司之间的桥梁。8答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。本文以Esther Usman为例介绍了科技帮助非洲农民改善生活状况，故答案为A。.七选五语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我人物故事母亲的鼓励【语篇解读】一个男孩为成绩不如同
31、桌而苦恼，问他的妈妈他是不是比别人笨。妈妈没有正面回答男孩的问题而是带他去了海边，让他注意笨拙的海鸥竟然是最终飞越大海的。后来，男孩以第一名的成绩被一所好大学录取。1答案与解析：C根据空前的“Mom, am I more stupid than others? I feel I am as hardworking as him, but how come I always fall behind？”可知，空处应是表述妈妈听到男孩的提问后的反应，C项“听了这些话，她说不出话来，不知道如何解释”符合语境，故C项正确。2答案与解析：B根据空前的“the same question”和空后一句“How
32、ever，was this answer in her sons best interest？”可知，然而他的妈妈不知道这样的回答是否对男孩有利。据此可知，空处应是表述妈妈想要回答男孩的问题，故B项正确。3答案与解析：G根据空后一句“To reduce the burden on her son who was suffering from the pains of unsatisfying grades and rankings，Mom decided to take him to the sea”可知，为了减轻儿子因成绩和排名不满意而痛苦的负担，妈妈决定带他去海边。据此可知，空处应描述男孩
33、因成绩和排名不满意而痛苦的情况，故G项符合语境。4答案与解析：F根据空后的“In the lecture”可知，F项“他被邀请回高中母校给学生和家长演讲”符合语境。5答案与解析：D根据空前男孩分享的经历(笨拙的海鸥竟然是最终飞越大海的)可知，空处应是他对这次经历的总结，即“你可能会有一点慢，但你会是那个成功的人”，故D项正确。.语法填空语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会跨文化交流中国菜系在英国的发展状况【语篇解读】作者从自己的经历出发，讲述了中国菜系在英国的发展状况，从最初英国人认识的粤菜到如今的川菜、湘菜等，地方菜系已经被英国人认可。1答案与解析：beyond考查介词。依据下文的内容可知，外
34、国人对中国菜的看法会出乎你的预料。beyond (sb.s) expectations “超出(某人的)预期”。2答案与解析：what考查连词。本题考查表语从句，从句中的谓语recognize是及物动词，其后缺少宾语，因此用what引导。recognize sth. as.意为“认为某物是”。3答案与解析：ordered考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰dish, 且dish与动词order之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词ordered。4答案与解析：to pronounce考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作宾语。attempt to do sth.“努力/尝试/试图做
35、某事”。5答案与解析：a考查冠词。shock在此处意为“令人震惊的事”，为可数名词，且表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。6答案与解析：thought/thinking考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作主语，因此用名词thought/thinking “看法，想法”，再依据空后的is可知用单数形式。7答案与解析：has been working/has worked考查时态。依据句中的for over 30 years可知，这位美籍华人已经在英国电视台工作了30多年，因此用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。8答案与解析：is seen考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，根据时间状语Now和语境可知用一般现在时，主语是表示单数概念的more regional(地方的)Chinese food，与动词see是被动关系，故填is seen。 9.答案与解析：tasty考查形容词。空处作定语修饰Chinese dishes，故填形容词tasty “美味的”。10答案与解析：amazingly考查副词。该空要填的词修饰形容词good，因此用所给词的副词形式。
