1、选修Unit 4Helping people around the world重点词汇积累核心词汇写其形1_ n. & vt.缺乏2_ adj. 平等的n. 同等的人vt. 与相同或相等3_ adj. 值得的；有价值的4_ n. 手段，方法5_ n. 人群v. 挤满，塞满6_ vi. & vt. 扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强7_ n. 贫穷8_ n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死9_ n. 同事10_ vt. 提醒，使想起阅读词汇知其意1damp adj. _2vacant adj. _vacancy n. _3primitive adj. _4victim n. _5shelter n. _6alte
2、rnative adj. _n. _7remote adj. _8barrier n. _9troublesome adj. _10staff n. _拓展词汇通其变1_ n描写(文字)，形容，说明_ vt.描述，形容2_ n挨饿；饥饿_ v(使)挨饿3_ n个人财产；拥有，具有_ vt.控制；持有4_ n助理，助手adj.助理的_ v帮助；使便利5_ adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的_ n志愿者v.自愿做，无偿做6_ adj.紧急的，紧迫的_ n紧急，急迫_ vt.敦促，力劝；竭力主张n.强烈的欲望，冲动7_ adj.平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与相同或相等_ adv.平等地；同样
3、地_ n平等；相等8_ n承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事_ vt.犯罪，做错事；使承担义务9_ n手段，方法_ v意思是，意味着_ adj.吝啬的10_ n增加；添加；此外，另外_ vt. & vi.添加；相加，求和；增加_ adj.附加的；另外的高频短语记得牢1_ 谈及，提到；与相关，涉及；查阅，参考2_ 另外3_ 让某人想起，提醒某人4_ 回想5_ 出故障；抛锚6contribute.to. _7if only. _8get hold of _9make a difference _10under the umbrella of. _11draw someones attention
4、 to. _12in chaos _即学即用：用所学单词或短语的适当形式填空1There occurred nothing _ (值得的) of being mentioned.2There is no_ (可替代品) for us but to take immediate action to stop pollution.3We need to encourage more people to take up the project because it_ (缺乏) labor forces.4It is_ (值得的)to provide young children with good
5、education.5They are leading/living a simple life in the _ (偏远的) mountains far away from the town now.6In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no _ (比得上)7There is no doubt that the mobile phone is an important _ (方式) of communication.8There are some areas of_ (贫穷), but the country as a whol
6、e is fairly prosperous.9She decided to pursue her studies after_ (获得) her first degree.10He was lucky enough to spot a _ (空着的)seat, so he quickly sat down.11He _ (抓住)the rope, and we pulled him up.12What you said just now_ (没有影响) to him.13That photo_me_ (使想起) my childhood.14The elevators in this bui
7、lding are always _ (出故障)15Which companies was she_ (提到) when she spoke of competing firms?经典句型复现1This land_ but now water has been pumped into the fields.这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。2If only _ a Goodwill Ambassador!要是我是亲善大使该多好！3I would rather you_me about it.我宁愿你没有把那件事告诉我。4I am very happy_to be a Goodwil
8、l Ambassador for them.我很高兴被选为(联合国的)亲善大使。5_， the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.正如你们所知，联合国触及各地人民的生活。即学即用：完成句子1我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。(would rather后接的从句用虚拟语气)We would rather_ the money tomorrow.2哦！要是我可以作为交换生待在西班牙就好了！(if only要是就好了)Oh, if only_in Spain as an exchange student!3众所周知，剪纸是中国特有的传统民间艺术，有着两千
9、多年的历史。(as引导非限制性定语从句)_， papercutting is a unique traditional Chinese folk art with a history of over 2,000 years.4乔布斯被认为对苹果公司的蓬勃发展做出了杰出的贡献。(be considered to.)Jobs is considered_outstanding contributions to the booming development of the Apple Corporation.5我发现这个讲座很难懂。(sth. beadj.to do句式)I find the lec
10、ture is difficult _.第一版块：高考考纲高频单词1lack vi. & vt.缺乏；没有n缺乏；短缺的东西(1)lack (for) sth. 缺少某物(2)(a) lack of. 缺少no lack of 不缺乏for/through lack of 因缺少(3)lacking adj. 不足的；缺乏的be lacking in. 在方面缺乏(1)Of the 9,500 drivers tested since the beginning of the year, 23% were found _ (lack) in road knowledge.(2)More and
11、 more highrise buildings have been built in big cities _ lack of space.句型转换(3)The green hand is lacking in practical experience. (用short短语改写)The green hand _ practical experience.(4)He lacks confidence.(用lacking改写)He _ confidence.【易错点拨】lack可用作及物动词，后直接跟宾语，但通常不用被动语态。名词lack常与of连用2worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的；有
12、价值的(1)worthy常用的结构：sth. be worthy(2)worth常用的结构：sb./sth. be worthn. 值得；值的sth. be well worth doing 某事很值得做(3)worthwhile常用的结构：Its worthwhile 做某事是值得的。一句多译这家工厂值得参观。(1)_ (worth)(2)_ (worthy ofn.)(3)_ (worthy of being done)(4)_ (worthy to be done)(5)_ (worthwhile)3equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的n同等的人；相等物v与相等，等于；比
13、得上(1)A equals B in sth. A与B在某方面相同或相等(2)be equal in. 在方面比得上be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于；与相等；胜任be equal with. 与平等(3)be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比/无匹敌者，首屈一指(4)equally adv. 相等地；同样地equality n. 平等(1)Leaving aside the birth rate issue, Indias economy may take off when the country achieves _ (equal)
14、 of educational opportunity.(2)He is equal_Tom_ ability.(3)In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants_ (无与伦比)联想发散表示“胜任”的其他短语：be fit for, be up to，be qualified for，be adequate to。4alternative n可供选择的事物；可能的选择adj.可供选择的；可供替代的；其他的；非传统的，另类的(1)an alternative to. 对来说，是可供选择的替代品have no alternative but to do
15、sth. 别无选择只好做某事have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择There is no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事。(2)alternatively adv. 要不，或者(1)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _ are hard to find.2017江苏卷恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞，但也难以找到其他的解释。(2)You_marrying or rem
16、aining a bachelor.你可以选择结婚也可以选择做单身汉。同义句改写(3)We can not choose but take immediate action to stop pollution.(用alternative改写)For us, _ immediate action to stop pollution.【易错点拨】(1)alternative后可接介词to或of，接to表示代替；接of表同位关系。如：You have the alternative of marring or remaining a bachelor.你可以结婚也可仍做单身汉，任你选择。New wa
17、ys to treat arthritis may provide an alternative to painkillers.关节炎的新疗法可能是止痛药之外的另一选择。(2)“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达方式：can do nothing but do sth.; have nothing to do but do sth.; have no choice but to do sth.; can not choose but do sth.5means n手段；方式；方法；财富；收入by means of.用办法；借助by all means 尽一切方法；当然可以by no meansno
18、t by any means 绝不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)(1)Every possible means _ (try) so far，but we still cant bring the fire under control.(2)He got into the house _ (借助于) an open window.句式升级(3)Ill forgive you this time, but you shall by no means make the mistake again. (改为倒装句)Ill forgive you this time, but _.【易错
19、点拨】means表示“方式”“方法”“手段”时，单复数同形。表示做某事的方法，means后常接of doing sth. ，一般不接不定式。6shelter n住所；藏身之处；庇护；避难所v庇护；躲避(1)take/seek shelter (from) 躲避()under the shelter of. 在的庇护下give shelter to 庇护(2)shelter.from. 保护免于(1)I _under a bus shelter from the rain last night.昨晚我在公交候车亭躲雨。(2)_ a tent, a crowd was gathered for a
20、 brunch.在帐篷的庇护下，一群人聚在一起吃早午餐。(3)Trees_the house_the wind.树给房子挡风。熟词生义选择句子中shelter的汉语意思(4)He was just another child from the shelters. There were other children as well._A躲避 B保护C收容所7urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的(1)in urgent need of 亟待，急需(2)urge sb. to do/into doing sth. 敦促某人做某事(3)urge sb. on 鼓励，激励；为加油(4)urgethat从
21、句 强烈要求，极力主张(从句用虚拟语气)(1)The law is in urgent need of reform.这项法律亟待修订。(2)The boss urged him to work more carefully.老板敦促他干活要仔细。【特别提示】urgent作表语时，要求主语从句中的谓语动词用should do, should可以省略。It is urgent that they (should) be rescued.他们急需得到救援。【写作联想】句(2)其他表达方式The boss urged him into working more carefully.The boss
22、urged that he should work more carefully.语法填空(1)They urged that the library _ (keep) open during the vacation.(2)The law is in _ (urge) need of reform.(3)This is a matter of some _ (urge)8possession n个人财产；拥有，具有(1)be in possession of sth. 拥(占)有某物(2)be in ones possession 为所有，归所有(3)take possession of 占
23、(拥)有某物(4)be possessed of 具有(某种品质、能力等)(1)Right after Erin took possession of my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my drivers license to an online forum (论坛)，.2019天津，完形填空Erin在公交车上捡到“我”的钱包之后，把“我”的驾照照片发布到网上论坛中(2)The possession of a passport is essential for foreign travel.出国旅行必须持有护照。(3)The gang
24、 was caught in possession of stolen goods.这伙人被逮住，人赃俱获。【特别提示】in possession of表示主动，其主语通常是人，意为“占有”；in the possession of表示被动，其主语通常是物，意为“被占有”。类似短语还有：in charge of负责；in the charge of由负责；in control of控制；in the control of被控制。他有一所大房子。完成句子(1)他从来就没有多少钱，但他一直有一些好朋友。He never _， but he always possesses some good fr
25、iends.(2)她拥有一大笔财富。She _ a large fortune.(3)他们有一座大果园。They _ a big orchard.第二版块：重点短语和句式1refer to 查阅；参考；提到；指的是；关系到(1)refer.to.把提交给refer to.as. 把称为；把当作(2)reference n. 提及；涉及；参考；参考书in/with reference to 关于for reference 以备查阅；以供参考make (a) reference to 谈到(1)The book _ (refer) to is not in the library.(2)They
26、always refer to me_a book worm.写出下列句子中refer to的汉语意思(3)Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary._(4)When I said some people were stupid，I wasnt referring to you._(5)Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test._(6)The new law does not refer to the lan
27、d used for farming._联想发散“查词典”的各种表达形式：turn to a dictionary, refer to a dictionary, consult a dictionary，look. up in a dictionary.2in addition除此之外，另外in addition to除之外(还)besides除之外(还有)有附加意义，与in addition to, apart from同义；except除之外(没有)，有排除含义；except for除之外，其他都，用来评价事物的美中不足；but除了，语气强烈。(1)In addition to_ (gi
28、ve) me some advice, he gave me some money.(2)The teacher, in addition to his students, _ (be) interested in the book.同义词语替换(3)The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and, in addition, there are several selfcatering apartments._(4)In addition to his job at the university，hes now running his own re
29、search company._3remind sb. of/about sth.提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事(1)remind vt. 提醒；使想起remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事remind sb. that. 提醒某人(2)reminder n. 提醒人的事物(1)It reminded me_the mistakes I had made before.(2)He reminds the children_ (wash) their hands.(3)Back home，I reminded_
30、(me) that what my mother could do，I could，too.(4)He was just saying：“Im King of this forest，and here is your_ (remind)！”2018全国卷【易错点拨】remind sb. to do sth. 与remind sb. of doing sth. 都可用，但意思不同：前者表示提醒某人去做某事，其中不定式所表示的动作尚未发生；后者表示提醒某人或使某人想起已经做过某事，其中动名词表示的动作已经发生。联想发散“v.sb. ofsth.”的短语还有：(1)cure sb. of sth.治
31、好某人的病/坏习惯(2)rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物(3)rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱某事/物(4)suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人做了某事(5)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人注意某事物(6)inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事(7)accuse sb. of sth.指控某人某事4make a difference有影响；起(重要)作用(1)make no/little/some/much difference to. 对没有/几乎没有/有些/有很大影响make all the difference (to sb./sth
32、.) (对某人/事)关系重大；大不相同(2)tell the difference between.and. 说出和的不同；区别和(3)be of little/no/much difference 几乎没有/没有/有很大不同(1)_ makes no difference_ me whether he comes here or not.他来不来对我都无所谓。(2)Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are _to the world.2017北京韩娜是许多正在改变世界的年轻人中的一个。(3)Can you _ the two
33、 words?你能区别这两个单词吗？5break down出故障；抛锚；失败；垮掉；分解；损坏(1)break into 破门而入；突然起来(2)break away (from.) 突然离开，逃走；脱离；废除(3)break in 闯入，打断(谈话)(4)break out 发生，爆发(5)break through 突破；冲破；克服(6)break up 散开；分解，解散(1)It is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.2018北京，阅读理解C这种蠕虫可以分解聚乙烯并不让人意外。(2)The teleph
34、one system has broken down.电话系统瘫痪了。(3)The prisoner broke away from his guards.犯人挣脱了看守。(4)Fire broke out during the night.夜间突然发生了火灾。根据语境写出下面句子中break down的含义(1)His plan broke down when it was put into practice because he had not given enough attention to details._(2)Peter broke down and was unable to
35、work for a year._(3)Firefighters had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside._6As you know, the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.正如你所知道的，联合国涉及到世界各地人民的生活。句型：as sb. knows.(1)as引导限制性定语从句。从句前必须出现such，as, so，the same结构。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语。(3)as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区
36、别：as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，甚至可插在主句中，但which引导的非限制性定语从句必须放在主句后。which在从句中可作实义动词的主语，as不可。(1)_ by him were reliable.他所推荐的人是可靠的。(2)He didnt attend the meeting, _.他没来参加会议，这让经理很生气。一句多译(3)我们都知道，地球围着太阳转。_， the earth turns around the sun. (定语从句)_ that the earth turns around the sun. (it作形式主语)_ is that the e
37、arth turns around the sun. (what主语从句)7If only I were a goodwill Ambassador！要是我是亲善大使该多好！句型：If only.(1)if only.意为“要是就好了”。常用来表示强烈的愿望或遗憾。因此主要用于虚拟语气中。表示与现在相反的愿望用过去时；表示与过去相反的愿望用过去完成时：表示与将来相反的愿望用“would/coulddo”。(2)only if.只有，引导真实条件句(置于句首，主句部分倒装)。(3)if it were not for./if it had not been for.要不是；如果没有(1)I st
38、ill had no information about my son. _ those tough words to him.我还是没有我儿子的消息。要是我没有对他说那些太严厉的话就好了。(2)Only if I get a job _enough money to go to school.我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。(3)If _ the rock，we would have drowned.如果没有那块岩石，我们就被淹死了。8The situation is very different here, as are the problems.这里的情形很不一样，存在的问题也不同。这
39、是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as是关系词，代替前面整个句子的内容。(1)as可作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句的内容，所引导的定语从句可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间。(2)as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用，表达说话者的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，翻译成“正如，正像”。(3)as常用于一些固定结构中，如as we all know/as is known to all (众所周知), as we all can see (正如我们大家都能看到的那样)，as has been said before/above (正如前文所述), as might be expec
40、ted (正如预料的那样), as is often the case (情况常常是这样)等，一般不能用which代替as。As you know, Julia is leaving soon.你是知道的，朱莉娅马上要离开了。【特别提示】which也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后，且从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用and this代替，翻译成“这一点，这件事”。例如：He sold his bike, which surprised me. (He sold his bike, and this surprised me.)他把自行车卖了，这使我很惊讶。
41、完成句子(1)玛丽很快发现，她是对的。She was right, _ Mary soon _.(2)正如所预料的那样，对这个问题的回答是五花八门。_， the response to the question was very mixed.9Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.到达这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。句型：动词不定式to find作结果状语only to do “不料，反而，结果却(通常表示否定的结果)”是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况，有时前面也可不加only；而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然、必然的结果。She tu
42、rned up the driveway, only to find her way blocked.她开上自家车道，不料发现路已被堵。完成句子(1)他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。He picked up a stone, _ it dropped on his own foot.(2)足球运动在那么多国家开展，从而使得它成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动。Football is played in so many countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.单句语法填空1There is a vegetarian (素食) _ (altern
43、ative) on the menu every day.2But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of _ (break) down in this one exciting.2018北京，阅读理解C3She _ (possession) some interesting pictures.4Starting and keeping friendship requires effort and _ (commit)5I have examined all the books _ (refer) to the matter
44、.6However, her dad _ (remind) her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth.2019北京，阅读理解B7By the time she was 13, her company was _ (worthy) millions of dollars with the invention of a supersweet treat.2019北京，阅读理解B8Shes not usually _ (lack) in confidence.9Men and women must be treated _ (equal) in ed
45、ucation.10I look on it as an opportunity _ (acquire) fresh skills.用本单元所学短语完成句子1When I said someone was stupid, I wasnt _ (谈及) you.2Your health will _ (损坏) if you only concentrate on your work.3The rain didnt _ (有影响) to the game.4I had a bit of bother _ (得到) his phone number.5I _ (回想) a crucial time
46、in my life.课文语法填空Everything was 1._ chaos. The situation on the island was different from what I had experienced before, as were the problems here. 2._ (concern) about the outbreak of diseases, we planned to set up a temporary clinic where people could 3._ (get) hold of regular medical care. However
47、, having no 4._ (accessible) to food and clean water caused people to fight with each other, which 5._ (remind) me of the same scene in Sudan. Whats worse, we needed to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease 6._ (spread), for whose relatives I felt so sorry. To our relief, I can
48、 communicate with people, even when there is a language barrier and no interpreter around. When I think back 7._ all the experiences, I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help 8._ (other) and do something worthwhile. This experience makes me 9._ (appreciation) all the things I have and g
49、ives me the chance to see things from another angle. And thus Im proud that I can come here and make 10._ difference to peoples lives.知识主线串记Being 1._ (lack) in practical experience can be a big obstacle when you find 2._ job. So if you want to be equal 3._ the post you want to apply for, youd better
50、 make preparations in advance. In my opinion, it is worthwhile 4._ (be) a volunteer, which 5._ (contribute) to your obtaining experience. In 6._ (add), being a volunteer can also expand your horizon and make a 7._ (different) to others lives. There are lots of posts 8._ (offer) on our website, 9._ y
51、ou can refer to for more detailed information. If only you 10._ (can) find one suitable for yourself. Good luck.单元话题与写作Step One：用本单元所学词汇和句式结构翻译句子。1现在，许多人依旧生活贫困。(poverty)_2他们缺衣少食。(lack)_3他们的贫穷是难以描述的。(beyond description)_4幸运的是，政府正在想尽一切办法帮助他们，公众也向他们捐款。(means)_5另外，许多年轻人做志愿工作，到偏远地区教孩子们读书。(in addition；vol
52、untary)_6他们觉得这样做是值得的。(worthwhile)_Step Two：把以上句子连成短文，要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。_选修Unit 4Helping people around the world基础回顾自主排查重点词汇积累核心词汇1lack2.equal3.worthy4.means5.crowd6.expand7.poverty8.starvation9.colleague10.remind阅读词汇1潮湿的2.空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的(职位的)空缺；空职3.原始的4.受害者5.住所；藏身之处6.可供替代的可供选择的事物7.偏远的，偏僻的8.障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物9
53、.麻烦的，棘手的10.全体员工拓展词汇1descriptiondescribe2.starvationstarve3.possessionpossess4.assistantassist5.voluntaryvolunteer6.urgenturgencyurge7.equalequallyequalitymitmentcommit9.meansmeanmean10.additionaddadditional高频短语1refer to2.in addition3.remind sb. of.4.think back to5.break down6.把捐献给；向投稿7.但愿；要是就好了8.得到；
54、抓住9.有作用(关系、影响)10.在的保护下，在的管理下11.(使某人)察觉到12.处于混乱状态即学即用1worthy2.alternative3.lacks4.worthwhile5.remote6.equal7.means8.poverty9.obtaining10.vacant11.got hold of12.made no difference13.remindedof14.breaking down15.referring to经典句型复现1was difficult to farm2.I were3.hadnt told4.to have been chosen5.As you k
55、now即学即用1he paid us2.I could stay3.As is known to all4.to have made5to understand核心考点互动探究第一版块：考纲高频单词1(1)lacking(2)for/through(3)is short of(4)is lacking in2(1)The factory is worth visiting/a visit.(2)The factory is worthy of a visit.(3)The factory is worthy of being visited.(4)The factory is worthy t
56、o be visited.(5)Its worthwhile to visit/visiting the factory.3(1)equality(2)toin(3)have no equal/are without equal4(1)alternative explanations(2)have the alternative of(3)there is no alternative but to take5(1)has been tried(2)by means of(3)by no means shall you make the mistake again6(1)took/sought
57、 shelter(2)Under the shelter of(3)shelterfrom(4)C7(1)(should) be kept(2)urgent(3)urgency8(1)possesses much money(2)takes/took possession of(3)are in possession of第二版块：重点短语和句式1(1)referred(2)as(3)查阅(4)指的是(5)参考(6)涉及；提到2(1)giving(2)was/is(3)whats more(4)Besides/Apart from/As well as3(1)of/about(2)to was
58、h(3)myself(4)reminder4(1)Itto(2)making a difference(3)tell the difference between5(1)失败(2)身体垮掉(3)砸破6(1)Such people as were recommended(2)which made the manager angry(3)As is known to us allIt is known to us allWhat is known to us all7(1)If only I hadnt said(2)will I have(3)it were not for8(1)asdisco
59、vered(2)As might be expected9(1)only to have(2)making跟踪演练强化提升区.单句语法填空1alternative2.breaking3.possessesmitment5.referring6.reminded7.worth8.lacking9.equally10.to acquire.用本单元所学短语完成句子1referring to2.break down3.make a difference4.getting hold of5.thought back to.课文语法填空1in2.Concerned3.get4.access5.remin
60、ded6.spreading7.to8.others9.appreciate10.a.知识主线串记1lacking2.a3.to4.to be/being5.contributes6.addition7.difference8.offered9.which10.could.单元话题与写作1Nowadays many people still live in poverty.2They lack food and clothes.3Their poverty is beyond description.4Luckily, the government is trying every means
61、to help them and the public also contribute money to them.5In addition, many young people do some voluntary work to teach children in the remote areas.6They think it is worthwhile to do so.参考范文Nowadays many people still live in poverty and they lack food and clothes. Their poverty is beyond description. Luckily, the government is trying every means to help them and the public also contribute money to them. In addition, many young people do some voluntary work to teach children in the remote areas. They think it is worthwhile to do so.
