1、十四 必修第三册 Unit 3Diverse Cultures(限时35分钟).阅读理解A(2021泰安模拟)Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way.Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways,and at different times on the calendar.In Western countries,people usually cele
2、brate New Year at midnight on January 1st.People may go to parties,dress in formal clotheslike tuxedos(礼服)and evening gown,and drink champagne at midnight.During the first minutes of theNew Year,people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead.But some cultures prefer to celebrate the N
3、ew Year by waking up early to watch the sun rise.They welcome the New Year with the first light of the sunrise.It is also a common Western custom to make a New Years promise,called a resolution.New Years resolutions usually include promises to try something new or change a bad habit in the new year.
4、Many cultures also do special things to get rid of bad luck at the beginning of a new year.For example,in Ecuador,families make a big doll from old clothes.The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers.At midnight,these dolls areburned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and
5、 the new year can start afresh(again).Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean,or saying special things on the first day of the new year.Another New Year tradition that is followed to bring good luck is to eat grapes on New Years Da
6、y.The more grapes a person eats,the more good luck the person will have in the year.In France,people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year.In the United States,some people eat black-eyed peas(豇豆)for good luckbut to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!【文章大意】几乎所有的文化都要庆祝旧一年的结束及新
7、一年的开始,但时间和方式会有所不同。1.Which culture celebrates New Year in the morning?A.The passage doesnt say.B.Spain.C.France.D.The United States.【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第二段中“But some cultures prefer to celebrate the New Year by waking up early to watch the sun rise.”可知未具体提及哪个国家。2.What is a resolution?A.Something you say.B.
8、Something you eat.C.Something you burn.D.Something you wear.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。由第三段首句“It is also a common Western custom to make a New Years promise,called a resolution.”可知是做出的承诺。3.What is the topic of the fourth paragraph?A.Bringing good luck.B.Remembering the past.C.Planning for the next year.D.Keeping
9、away from bad luck.【解析】选D。段落大意题。由第四段首句可知主要是摆脱坏运气。4.Which is probably TRUE about eating black-eyed peas on New Year?A.Black-eyed peas taste bad.B.The peas are very difficult to cook.C.One pea brings one day of luck.D.It is bad luck to eat a lot of black-eyed peas.【解析】选C。推理判断题。由“but to get good luck f
10、or a whole year you have to eat 365 of them”可知要得到一年好运气,你必须要吃365颗豆子。B(2021济南模拟)Some of the most powerful companies in the world have co-founders.For example,Google(Sergey Brin and Larry Page),Apple(Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs),and Microsoft(Bill Gates and Paul Allen)and so on.Having partners can hel
11、p to deal with the pressure and the failures that come with running a business.No matter how down on your luck you feel they may provide emotional support.They may have extra skills,and be on hand to help out with the day-to-day problems.And an alternate point of view may help to broaden your mind a
12、nd aid the risk of mistakes being overlooked.Everybody knows Samsungs Galaxy Note 7.When the phone was launched in 2016,customers praised it for its storage,design and usability,and it may well have been a hit if it werent for the fact that it occasionally caught fire and exploded.It was soon banned
13、 immediately from flights,and Samsung had no choice but to recall the entire model.The shortcoming reportedly cost the company$1 billion,and a further$17 billion in lost sales.But remember,based on the lesson,the Galaxy Note 8 and the Galaxy Note 9 are well received in the world!Now we know that fai
14、ling is part of business success.One thing that all great companies have in common is that they have failed many timesand luckily,they bounced back.Take Sarah Blakely,founder of shapewear brand Spanx for example.She credits her business success specifically to her failures.“Id get kicked out of buil
15、dings all day long,”she remembered.“People would tear up my business card in my face.But my friends and I knew I could sell and I knew I wanted to sell something I had created.I learned that no doesnt always mean no,and that you may get 30 nos before you get the one yes.People told me no with Spanx
16、for two years.“Spanx is worth just over$1 billionit was a company that Blakely who took a degree in a law school started with just$5 000!【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过列举大公司的事例来说明商业上的一些经验,如列举世界上一些拥有合作伙伴的大公司,来说明拥有合作伙伴可以帮助处理经营企业带来的压力和失败;以及以三星Galaxy Note 7手机为例,说明了失败是商业成功的一部分和最后以Sarah Blakely为例,说明了伟大的公司都是经历过许多次失败的
17、。5.What can we learn from the examples in Paragraph 1?A.Two heads are better than one.B.Constant dropping wears the stone.C.God helps those who help themselves.D.All things are difficult before they are easy.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知第一段举出了世界上一些最强大的公司都有联合创始人,强调是因为这些合作伙伴能够互相帮助,用自身优势来解决问题,所以从第一段的例子中能学到“三个臭皮
18、匠,顶个诸葛亮”。故选A。6.Why does the author mention Samsungs Galaxy Note 7,8 and 9?A.To suggest customers should follow the new trends.B.To prove Samsung is responsible for customers.C.To show Samsung paid for its product failure.D.To explain that failures dont spell the end.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中But remember,b
19、ased on the lesson,the Galaxy Note 8 and the Galaxy Note 9 are well received in the world!Now we know that failing is part of business success.(但记住,基于这一教训,Galaxy Note 8和Galaxy Note 9在世界上很受欢迎!现在我们知道失败是商业成功的一部分。)可知作者提到三星的Galaxy Note 7、8和9是为了解释失败并不意味着终结。故选D。7.What mainly contributed to Sarah Blakelys s
20、uccess?A.Her friends help.B.Her willpower.C.Her good luck.D.Her education background.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知Sarah Blakely虽然被拒绝了很多次,但是凭借顽强的意志力不断尝试,最终获得成功。故她成功的原因是她顽强的意志力。故选B。8.How does the author develop the passage?A.By making contrast.B.By making classification.C.By giving examples.D.By giving number
21、s.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章的第二段以三星的Galaxy Note 7手机为例,说明了失败是商业成功的一部分;第三段以Sarah Blakely为例,说明了伟大的公司都是经历过许多次失败的。可知作者主要通过举例来展开这篇文章的。故选C。【知识拓展】英语中阅读理解选项中的谚语1.一箭双雕/一石二鸟。One stone,two birds.2.抄近路反而绕远路。Take shortcuts and take long routes instead.3.靠运气不如靠勇气。Courage is better than fortune.4.自助者天助。God helps those who h
22、elp themselves.5.良好的开端是成功的一半。A good beginning is half done.6.欲速则不达。More haste,less speed.7.人生没有朋友,犹如生活没有阳光。Life without friends is like life without sunshine.8.活到老,学到老。It is never too late to learn.9.机不可失,失不再来。Opportunity cannot be lost.Lost will never come again.10.失败是成功之母。Failure is the mother of
23、success.11.习惯是后天养成的。Habits are acquired.12.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。A young idler,an old beggar.13.世事两难全。Everything is in a dilemma.14.一心不可二用。One heart cant be used in two ways.15.天才在于勤奋,知识在于积累。Genius lies in diligence,knowledge lies in accumulation.完形填空(2021烟台模拟)My busy parents and I lived in a small house in B
24、righton,to which we moved on my third birthday.My first memory is our 1Arlene and her husband Bill 2me strawberries from their garden through the chain-link fence.I was a chatterbox,always enjoying 3Arlene and Bill from our yard when they were gardening.I think what 4me to them is that they never go
25、t tired of listening to me.One day,my parents asked Bill and Arlene to 5me while they were out on a date.This worked well for everyone.6,it became a somewhat monthly 7.They had no kids and treated me nicely.Gradually,I felt such a special 8between us that I couldnt but say out these words to my pare
26、nts:“What if I adopted Bill and Arlene as my grandparents?”My parents responded to me by suggesting me inquiring about it 9.So I went over to Bill and Arlenes home and asked them eagerly,“Will you guys be my grandparents?”They started crying and 10accepted.They 11printed out an adoption certificate,
27、which hung on their living room wall from then on.I remember being so surprised that they took my 12so seriously.They could have 13it off.Thinking of that moment still brings tears to my eyes.Theres something truly 14about a child offering up her 15and adults being so overjoyed to accept it.【文章大意】这是
28、一篇记叙文。文章通过从作者和邻居之间慢慢地相处,到最后收养关系的确立,给我们讲述了一个暖心而又令人感动的充满爱的故事。1.A.relativeB.agentC.neighborD.gardener【解析】选C。句意:我第一印象是我们的邻居 Arlene和她丈夫Bill通过钢丝网栅栏递给我他们家花园里的草莓。relative 亲戚;agent 代理人;neighbor 邻居;gardener 园艺工人。根据“through the chain-link fence”通过钢丝网栅栏可知,我们两家只隔了一个栅栏,故我们是邻居,故选C项。2.A.handingB.makingC.showingD.pr
29、omising【解析】选A。句意:参见上题。根据上题我们是邻居,“through the chain-link fence”通过栅栏,就可以把草莓“递”过来了,故选A项。3.A.cheering upB.staring atC.talking toD.attending on【解析】选C。考查动词短语。句意:我是一个话匣子,当他们做园艺工作的时候,我总是喜欢在我家院子里和他们聊天。cheering up 欢呼;staring at 盯着看;talking to 和交谈;attending on 照顾。根据“I was a chatterbox”,可知我很爱交谈,所以我是在院子里和他们说话,故选
30、C项。4.A.matchedB.leftC.comparedD.drew【解析】选D。句意:我觉得他们吸引我的是他们从不厌烦倾听我。matched 匹配;相似;left离开;compared 比较;drew吸引;拖。此空是what引导的主语从句中的谓语动词,根据后面的表语“that they never got tired of listening to me”可知,他们从不厌烦我这个话匣子,解释了主语从句的内容,这是把我“拖”到他们身边的东西,故选D项。5.A.controlB.watchC.examineD.dress【解析】选B。句意:有一天,我父母外出赴约,让Bill和Arlene照看
31、我。control 控制;watch照看;examine 检查;dress 穿衣服。根据此句“while they were out on a date”可知父母外出赴约,不在家,应该是让邻居照看我,故选B项。6.A.HenceB.InsteadC.Nevertheless D.Meanwhile【解析】选A。句意:因此,这成了差不多一个月一次的事了。Hence 因此;Instead 代替;反而;Nevertheless 然而;Meanwhile 同时。根据空格前一句“This worked well for everyone”,我们都很适应这种照看,空格所在这句“it became a so
32、mewhat monthly _”这种照看成了一月一次的事,由此可知两句话之间是因果关系,故选A项。7.A.accidentB.occurrenceC.excuse D.target【解析】选B。accident 事故;occurrence 发生的事情;excuse 借口,理由;target 目标。结合上题分析和选项可知,这种照顾成了每个月都发生的事。故选B项。8.A.agreement B.distanceC.difference D.bond【解析】选D。句意:慢慢地,我感觉我们之间有了如此特殊的关系,以至于我把这些话说给了父母“如果我收养Bill和Arlene做我的祖父母怎么样呢?”。根
33、据上题的分析以及空格前一句“They had no kids and treated me nicely”他们没有孩子,对我很好。可知,我们之间产生了特殊的关系,故选D项。9.A.by chanceB.in personC.at random D.out of pity【解析】选B。句意:我的父母建议我自己去问一下这件事。by chance 偶然地;in person 亲自;at random 随便地,偶然地;out of pity 出于同情。根据下文“So I went over to Bill and Arlenes home and asked them eagerly”所以我急切地跑去
34、问夫妻俩的意见,可知上文父母是建议我亲自问,故选B项。10.A.hesitantlyB.anxiouslyC.enthusiasticallyD.curiously【解析】选C。句意:他们哭起来,然后热情地接受了。hesitantly 迟疑地;anxiously 焦虑地;enthusiastically 热情地;curiously 好奇地。根据下文,他们打印收养证明,并且从此以后挂在墙上,可知,他们非常认真对待我的提议,应该是热情地接受了我的提议。故选C项。11.A.stillB.againC.evenD.just【解析】选C。句意:他们甚至打印了一份收养证明,从那以后一直挂在起居室的墙上。根
35、据下文“我很惊讶他们如此认真对待我”,可推断作者没想到他们会这么认真,甚至打印出收养证书并一直挂在墙上,故选C项。12.A.conclusionB.explanationC.response D.offer【解析】选D。句意:我一直记得对于他们这么认真对待我的提议,我是多么惊讶。conclusion 结论;explanation 解释;response 回复;offer 提议。根据“What if I adopted Bill and Arlene as my grandparents?”以及“So I went over to Bill and Arlenes home and asked
36、them eagerly”,我主动向父母提出了收养的想法,以及我主动去问夫妻俩的意见,可知收养这件事是“我”主动提出来的,故选D项。13.A.calledB.laughedC.walkedD.cried【解析】选B。句意:他们本可以一笑而过。此句用到could have done“本能够做某事”,结合上句,他们如此认真地对我,可知,“我”认为他们本来可以一笑而过,置之不理,故选B项。14.A.reasonableB.naturalC.amusingD.touching【解析】选D。句意:这真是令人感动的事,一个孩子主动奉献了爱,而大人们高兴地接受了。reasonable 合理的;natural
37、 自然的;amusing 好笑的;touching 令人感动的。此空形容词修饰不定代词something,结合something后文,关于孩子主动提出爱,大人们欣然接受,可推知这是让人感动的事,故选D项。15.A.loveB.integrityC.justiceD.happiness【解析】选A。根据全文的描述,结合上题的分析可知,正是因为对夫妻俩的爱,小孩子才提出“收养”,故选A项。.语法填空(2021西安模拟)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。When I married into a Chinese family,nobody ever warned me
38、about the complicated“Chinese relatives name game”.I would need 1._(explore)a world of completely novel terms for family members that have no exact equivalents in 2._(me)native language of English.Consider this exchange that happened a few years ago while I was living with my 3._(in-law)in their rur
39、al village 4._ Zhejiang Province during the summer holiday.During dinner one evening,my sister-in-law said our mother-in-law 5._(spend)the entire day planting the fields with 6._“jiujiu”,the Chinese term for uncles on the mothers side of the family.7._ as I understood,we only had two uncles we addre
40、ssed with this termOlder Jiujiu and Younger Jiujiu.Neither needed help in the fields,especially the younger one 8._ had just begun working as the village secretary.How could our mother-in-law 9._(possible)have assisted someone 10._(call)jiujiu?【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。作者嫁到一个中国家庭,对中国的姻亲关系感到非常困惑。文章以一个具体的例子表明了这种困
41、惑。1.【解析】to explore。考查非谓语动词。表示“需要做某事”,应用need to do sth.结构。其中,to do作宾语。故填to explore。2.【解析】my。考查代词。该空修饰language,应用形容词性物主代词。my native language of English:我的母语英语。故填my。3.【解析】in-laws。考查名词。此处作介词with的宾语,需用名词。in-law意为“姻亲”,是可数名词,根据后面的their可知,该处应用复数形式。故填in-laws。4.【解析】in。考查介词。“他们的村庄”在“浙江省境内”,表示“在里面”,应用介词in。5.【解析
42、】had spent。考查时态。句意:一天晚上吃饭的时候,我大姑姐说,婆婆一整天都在和一个“舅舅”种地。该空作谓语,且“spend the entire day”发生在said之前,即:过去的过去。应用过去完成时态。故填had spent。6.【解析】a。考查冠词。句意:一天晚上吃饭的时候,我大姑姐说,婆婆一整天都在和一个“舅舅”种地。该处表示“一个舅舅”,故填不定冠词a。7.【解析】Yet/But。考查连词。上文提到大姑姐说婆婆和一个舅舅在种地。下文说:就我所能理解的而言,我们只有两个舅舅,这两个舅舅在种地方面都不需要帮助。很明显,上下文之间是转折关系。故填Yet/But。8.【解析】who。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,修饰the younger one,引导词在从句中作主语,指人,应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。9.【解析】possibly。考查副词。该空修饰动词assisted,应用副词。故填possibly。10.【解析】called。考查非谓语动词。此处是定语,修饰someone。someone和call之间是被动关系,应用过去分词。故填called。
