1、Unit 2 Onwards and upwards Period 3Using language语法精析课动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语语法精讲透析【体验悟】阅读下面教材原句,体会动名词和不定式作宾语的用法。*These are the words that every writer dreads receiving,but words every writer knows well.*J.D Salinger started writing short stories in high school,but later struggled to get his works publish
2、ed.*When it was eventually published,the book became an immediate best-seller and went on to sell millions and millions of copies.【生成得】动名词具有名词的性质,能在句子中作_。动词不定式中to只是一种符号,称为小品词,不是介词。动词不定式没有_和_的变化,在句子中也可以作_语。【研学析】一、有些动词或短语后面必须用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。【语境巧记】记忆“动名词作宾语的动词”口诀考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想,避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏,禁止想象才冒险,不
3、禁介意准逃亡,难以忍受始反对,想要成功坚持忙,习惯放弃有困难,导致专心防道歉。人称数宾宾语解析:第一句包含的动词:consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon第二句包含的动词:admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,想要)/recall第三句包含的动词:avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice第四句包含的动词:deny(否认,拒绝),finish,enjoy/appreciate第五句包含的动词:forbid,imagine,risk第六句包含的动词:cant help,mind,allow
4、/permit,escape第七句包含的动词:cant stand(难以忍受),set about(开始,着手),object to(反对)第八句包含的动词:feel like(想要),succeed in(成功),stick to(坚持),insist on(坚持,强调,坚决要求),be busy(in)(忙于)第九句包含的动词:be used/accustomed to(习惯于),give up(放弃),have difficulty/trouble(in)(做某事有困难)第十句包含的动词:lead to(导致),devote to(将奉献给),prevent.from.(预防,防止),a
5、pologize for(为道歉)*Practice doing this type of breathing several times per day.每天练习做这种形式的呼吸数次。*I consider waiting a bit longer before I give up.我考虑在放弃之前再等待一段时间。二、用不定式作宾语的动词1.有些动词后面必须用不定式作宾语,不能用动名词。【语境巧记】记忆“不定式作宾语的动词”口诀决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse
6、,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help*He finally learned to play the piano with the help of the teacher.在老师的帮助下,他最终学会了弹钢琴。*People wanted to know who this talented designer was.人们想知道这位天才的设计者是谁。2.find,make,think,consider等动词后如果是不定式作宾语,补语是形容词(或名词),常用it作形式宾语,把不定式后移。*I find it
7、difficult to work with him.我发现很难和他一起工作。*He made it a rule to get up at five.他规定每天5点起床。三、既能接动名词又能接不定式作宾语的词或短语1.有些动词后面接动名词和不定式均可,意思没有差别,如start,begin,continue等。2.有些动词后面可以接动名词或者不定式作宾语,但意思有些差异,如:like,love,hate等。*We like swimming,but we dont like to swim this afternoon.我们喜欢游泳,但今天下午不想游。(like swimming指“经常性的
8、喜欢”,like to swim指“一次性喜欢”)3.下列动词既可跟动词不定式也可跟现在分词形式作宾语,但意义明显不同。remember to do sth.记住要做某事(还未做)remember doing sth.记住曾做过某事(已做)forget to do sth.忘记要做某事(还未做)forget doing sth.忘记曾做过某事(已做)*I remember posting the two parcels.我记得已寄走两个包裹。(动名词表示过去)*I remember to post the two parcels.我记得要寄两个包裹。(不定式表示将来)4.动名词在demand,
9、deserve,need,require,want等动词后面作宾语时,表示被动的意思,相当于加不定式的被动式。*My shoes need mending/to be mended.我的鞋需要修。*Your hair wants cutting/to be cut.你的头发需要剪。【内化用】语法填空。I wish _(live)on the moon one day.We cant afford _(go)abroad this summer.He chose _(believe)what she had said.Lets finish _(do)the work together.I su
10、ggest _(travel)abroad next month.to liveto goto believedoingtraveling【常温故勤总结】英语中有的动词只能跟动名词作宾语;有的动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语;但有的动词的宾语既可以是动名词又可以是动词不定式。.单句语法填空1.I hope _(have)a good rest this weekend.2.If we dont start out now,we must risk _(miss)the train.3.I arrange _(wash)clothes tomorrow morning.4.I am expecting
11、 _(hear)from you soon.5.I have promised _(give)the children some books.课时素养达标to havemissingto washto hearto give.完成句子1.You should now _as much as possible.现在你应该尽可能多地练习说英语。2.He plans _.他计划环球旅行。3.We dont allow _.我们不允许在办公室里吸烟。4.Dont you remember _before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?practise speaking Englishto travel a
12、round the worldsmoking in the officeseeing the man5.I regret _,but I have no choice.我很遗憾这样做,但我实在没办法。to do this.语法填空(2020长春高一检测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I was staying in Destin for a few days with my family.One morning,I got up early 1._(go)for a walk on the beach.As I was walking,I noticed at
13、 least a hundred or more empty beer cans which 2._(leave)in one concentrated area in front of a hotel.I was 3._(fascinate)by the beach,woods and nature so I wanted to keep 4._(they)clean.Naturally,I picked up a few to take to a nearby rubbish can 5._ my way back to the hotel.I saw 6._ man walking do
14、wn the beach with a rubbish bag picking up the cans.I helped him get the rest and walked back to my place,but I couldnt help 7._(think)about that man and how we need more people like that in the world.It really gave me some 8._(inspire).In the following days when I stayed in Destin,I always went for
15、 a walk with a rubbish bag.The rubbish bag was 9._(total)full by the time I got back to my hotel.I did not want to get any thanks but I hoped 10._ I did could inspire someone to do the same as well.【语篇概述】这是一篇记叙文。当我在德斯丁的时候,有一天,我去海滩散步,我注意到至少有一百个或更多空啤酒罐在酒店前面的一个集中区域。我把一些空啤酒罐倒入垃圾箱里。后来我看见一个人也在这么做,我就帮助了他。在
16、接下来的日子里,我总是带一个垃圾袋装垃圾,希望环境变得更好。1.【解析】to go。考查非谓语动词。句意:一天早上,我起得很早去海滩散步。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词,故go只能作非谓语,此处表示早起的目的是去海边散步,故用不定式to go。2.【解析】were left。考查动词时态和语态。句意:当我走着的时候,我注意到至少有一百个或更多的空啤酒罐被丢在了酒店前的一个集中区域。本句为定语从句修饰先行词beer cans,且先行词在从句中作主语,与谓语动词leave构成被动语态,且为复数;根据上文noticed可知应用一般过去时,故填were left。3.【解析】fascinated。
17、考查形容词。句意:我被海滩、树林和大自然迷住了,所以我想保持它们干净。固定短语be fascinated by“被吸引/迷住”,人作主语需用-ed结尾的形容词,故填fascinated。4.【解析】them。考查代词。keep为谓语动词,后跟人称代词宾格作宾语,故填them。5.【解析】on。考查介词。句意:在我回酒店的路上。短语on ones way“在路上;在途中”为固定搭配,故填on。6.【解析】a。考查冠词。句意:我看见一个人提着垃圾袋走在海滩上捡罐子。此处表示“一个人”,为泛指,且man以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。7.【解析】thinking。考查非谓语动词。句意:但我情不自禁地
18、想起了那个人,以及我们在这个世界上多么需要更多那样的人。cant help doing sth.“情不自禁做某事”后跟现在分词,故填thinking。8.【解析】inspiration。考查名词。句意:它给了我一些启发。some为形容词,修饰名词,故填inspiration。9.【解析】totally。考查副词。句意:我回到酒店的时候垃圾袋已经完全装满了。full为形容词,需要副词修饰,故填totally。10.【解析】what。考查连接词。句意:我希望我所做的也能激励人们做同样的事情。本句为宾语从句,且从句中缺少宾语,指代事情,故用what。【点睛】cant help to do和cant help doing的区别cant help to do:不能帮助做。这里的help为帮助的意思。cant help doing:情不自禁做。这里的help主要为了构成短语。一般来说cant help to do后面帮助的事情还没有发生,是在回答不能够去帮助做这件事情,因此后面接的是动词不定式。cant help doing一般是描述已经发生的事情,即情不自禁地做了某事或者说是形容自己对某事没有抵抗力,即表示的是一般情况。后面一般接名词。本课结束
