1、Period 3Learning About Language语法精析课非限制性定语从句语法精讲透析【体验悟】阅读下列句子,体会定语从句的用法Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom r
2、ecovered.【生成得】限制性定语从句_非限制性定语从句_【研学析】一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别名称限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句作用起限定作用,限制或约束先行词,不可去掉,否则主句意义不完整对整个句子的意义并不重要,即使去掉,原句仍有意义结构不用逗号与主句隔开用逗号与主句隔开功能先行词不可缺少的定语对先行词起补充说明作用引导词a.作宾语时可省略,介词之后的关系词不能省b.可用thata.作宾语时不可省略b.不可用thatI like the book which he bought yesterday.我喜欢他昨天买的那本书。(限制性定语从句,先行词是the book)He
3、 has just come back from New York,which is a very big city in the United States.他刚从纽约回来,那是美国的一座大城市。(非限制性定语从句,先行词是New York)He changed his mind,which made me very angry.他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话)【点拨迷津】非限制性定语从句:(1)形式上:用逗号“,”与主句隔开。(2)意义上:只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。(3)译法上:通常译成主句的并列句。【内化用】用适当的关系词
4、填空(1)The letter _I received yesterday was from my brother.(2)(2019全国卷)First,I wanted to be a fireman,_ uniform looked so cool.that/whichwhose二、非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法1.who,whom,whose引导的非限制性定语从句。(1)关系代词who,whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。(2)关系代词who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whom作宾语;介词后用whom,不用who。(3)whose作定语,先行词是人时,whose+n.相当于the+n
5、.+of whom。先行词是物时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+of which。*Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,是一个优秀的厨师。*Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那里学了很多东西。*The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.桌子上的书是我们的奖品,书的封皮很亮。
6、【内化用】用who,whom和whose填空(1)Peter,_ you met in London,is now back in Paris.(2)(2020 天津高考)Dr.Rowan,_ secretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing.whomwhose2.which,as的用法。(1)两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。*Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。*Our country has sent up another ma
7、n-made earth satellite,as is reported in the papers.报纸上报道,我们国家又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。(2)as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。名 称aswhich指代引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后引导的从句不能位于主句之前意义正如这,那(2020全国卷)While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,which might add to the meani
8、ng I attach to them.尽管我想要买许多书,这三本被当作礼物给了我,这可能会增加我赋予它们的意义。【内化用】用which和as填空(1)(2021八省联考)It is one of the most important incidents in my life,_ taught me to respect the profession and works of a person,no matter how small they are.(2)_ can be seen from his face,he is quite pleased.whichAs3.when,where的用
9、法。(1)关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语。(2)关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。(3)when/where有时可以换成“介词+which”。*Well put off the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能会更好。(2020江苏高考)In rural areas,where ambulances can take a relatively long time to
10、 arrive,the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.在农村,救护车要花相对长的时间到达,电话亭就承担了救命的角色。*I left on Sunday,when/on which everyone was at home.我星期日离开的,当时人人都在家。【内化用】用适当的关系副词填空(1)He will put off the picnic until May 1st,_ he will be free.(2)They went to London,_ they lived for six months.whenwhere4.介词+关系
11、代词引导的定语从句。在“介词+关系代词”中,关系代词用whom指人,用which指物。*They were badly hurt in the earthquake,as a result of which they didnt go to school.他们在地震中受了重伤,因此他们没有去上学。*We are short of two people,without whom we will need three more days to finish the work.我们缺少两个人,没有他们,我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。【内化用】用适当的关系词填空(1)(2020全国卷)She b
12、orrowed a lot of money to buy a new one,for _ she worked hard for ten years to pay back all the money.(2)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.whichwhose【常温故勤总结】定从分类有奥妙,限与非限看逗号;非限不能用that,去掉主句仍完整;做题一看先行词,到底指人还是物?二析从句主和宾,缺少就用关系代(词);三选恰当关系副(
13、词),四思情况是否(特)殊。课时素养达标.用适当的关系词填空1.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit Korea.2.The factory _ well visit next week is not far from here.3.It is the third time that she has won the race,_ surprised us all.4.(2021八省联考)On a normal Sunday,I went to the barber shop _
14、I always went.5.Last summer we visited the West Lake,_Hangzhou is famous in the world.that/whichwhich/thatwhichwherefor which.句型转换1.She couldnt give us the reason why he was absent from the meeting.She couldnt give us the reason _he was absent from the meeting.2.He reached London in 1996.Ten years l
15、ater,he became a famous actor in London.He reached London in 1996,_,ten years later,he became a famous actor.for whichwhere3.It is fantastic for children to have a harmonious family,where the parents treat their child like a friend.It is fantastic for children to have a harmonious family,_the parent
16、s treat their child like a friend.4.There lives an old man near the school,the son of whom is working abroad.There lives an old man near the school,_is working abroad.5.Alice received an invitation from her boss,and it came as a surprise.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as a surpris
17、e.in whichwhose sonwhich语法填空Laura and Susie were born on the same day in the same hospital and at the same time.They 1._(be)very close friends since they were very little.One bright sunny day,as I was walking home from the shops,I decided to take a short cut 2._ the park.All of a sudden I heard a lo
18、ud scream.It sounded like a child.With fright I dropped my shopping bag and ran in the 3._(direct)of the noise.As I was getting 4._(close)to the noise I saw two little girls,one of 5._ was screaming in pain.The other child was frozen to the spot with a look of terror on her face.As I ran towards the
19、m,I 6._(quick)realized that I knew the children.One was my daughter Laura and the 7._ was her best friend Susie.I was totally shocked to see the girls there,as they knew they were not allowed to go to the park alone.Obviously the girls 8._(hear)strange noises and then decided to run as fast as they
20、could to get away.While 9._(run),Susie fell over and could not get up.Susies mother and I had another talk with the girls about not wandering off without an adult then.Both of them learned a 10._(value)lesson.1.【解析】have been。考查时态。句意:从非常小的时候,她们一直是亲密的朋友。根据连词since可知这里应当用现在完成时,故用have been。2.【解析】through。
21、考查介词。通过语境,可知作者是穿过公园抄近路回家,故用介词through。3.【解析】direction。句意:我惊慌地放下购物袋,朝着叫声的方向跑去。in the direction of朝方向。故这里用direction。4.【解析】closer。考查比较级。句意:当我离声音更近时,看到两个小女孩,其中一个痛苦地哭叫着。根据语境,在远处我听到声音,走得更近时才能看到这两个女孩,故用比较级形式的closer。5.【解析】whom。考查定语从句的关系词。逗号后面为非限制性定语从句,介词of后用关系代词whom来指代上文的这两个女孩,故答案为whom。6.【解析】quickly。考查词性转换。修
22、饰动词应当用副词。7.【解析】other。考查代词。句意:一个是我的女儿Laura,另一个是她最好的朋友Susie。the other(两个中的)另一个。故这里答案为other。8.【解析】had heard/heard。考查时态。句意:很明显,女孩子们听到了奇怪的声音,然后决定尽可能快地跑开。根据语境可知这里用过去完成时或者用一般过去时,故用had heard或 heard。9.【解析】running。考查现在分词。句意:跑的时候,Susie摔倒起不来了这里从句省略主语,用现在分词作状语,表示和主句主语Susie的主动关系,故答案为running。10.【解析】valuable。考查形容词。句意:她们两个都学到了一个宝贵的教训。这里用形容词修饰名词lesson,故答案为valuable。本课结束
