1、人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 Period Discovering Useful Structures人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页语法 专项突破人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 省略 诵读下列句子并感知句中省略了什么 1(教材P28)And what a citya city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906._ 2(教材P28)This district used to be a poor area of town,but is now a centre f
2、or art,music,and food._ 3(教 材 P28)A real mix of cultures here！_what a city后面省略了it is but后省略了it 句首省略了it is 人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 4(教材P28)When these immigrants left their countries,they carried a bit of home in their hearts,and built a new home here._ 5(教材P29)What great food！_ 6(教材P29)Cant wait！_built前面省
3、略了they food后面省略了it is 句首省略了I 人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 一、词法上的省略 1名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略(1)如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。如：These are Johns books and those are Marys(books)这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的书。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(2)名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时，这些名词也常常省略。如：at the doctors 在诊所 at Mr.Greens 在格林先生家 to my uncles 到我叔叔家 at the barbe
4、rs 在理发店人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 2冠词的省略(1)为了避免重复 The lightning flashed and thunder crashed.电 闪 雷 鸣。(thunder前省略了定冠词the)(2)在the next day(morning,week,year.)等短语中，有时为了使语气紧凑，定冠词the 常可以省略。如：We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest(the)next day.第二天，我们去农场帮助农民收庄稼。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(3)在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可
5、以省略。如：She sings best in the class.她在班上唱歌唱得最好。(4)在某些独立主格结构中。如：Our teacher came in,a book in hand.(Our teacher came in,with a book in his hand.)我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。(5)在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。如：Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得很多。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 3介词的省略(1)both 后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以
6、接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。如：Both(of)the films were interesting.这两部电影都很有趣。She invited both of us to her birthday party.她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(2)在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。如：These shoes are worn out.They have lasted(for)a long time.这双鞋穿破了，已经穿了很长一段时间了。(3)被动结构中，如果没有必要强调动
7、作的执行者，则可以省略介词by短语。如：The letter was posted(by me)yesterday.这封信是(被我)昨天寄出去的。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(4)和 一 些 动 词 搭 配 构 成 的 短 语 中 的 介 词，如：consider.(as).,prevent/stop.(from)doing.,have trouble/difficulty(in)doing.，spend.(in/on)doing.等中的介词可以省略。如：Trees can prevent the earth(from)being washed away.树能阻止泥土被冲走。Can y
8、ou stop him(from)going swimming in the river?你能阻止他下河洗澡吗？I have some difficulty(in)answering the question.回答这个问题我有点困难。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 4动词不定式中的省略(1)有些动词，如believe,find,think,feel,consider,imagine,prove等后作宾补的结构to be n/adj.中的to be可以省略。如：I consider him(to be)lazy.我认为他懒。His mother found him(to be)a clev
9、er boy.他母亲发觉他是一个聪明的孩子。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(2)感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice 等以及使役动词let,make,have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。如：They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。The boy was made to go to bed early.这个男孩被迫早睡。注：help后作宾补的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(3)在can not but,can not cho
10、ose but,can not help but之后的动词不定式一般不带to;but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do,does,did,done 时，也不带to,否则要带to。如：We have nothing to do now but wait.我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。I can not but admire his courage.我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。He has no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受这个事实他别无选择。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(4)在并列结构中为了避免重复，后一个to可以省略。如：Im really puzzle
11、d what to think or say.我真不知道该怎么想或怎么说才好。但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。如：I came not to scold but to praise you.我来不是责备你，而是表扬你。(5)在why,why not 引导的特殊疑问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。如：Why talk so much about it?为什么大谈这个事呢？Why not try it again?为什么不再试一试呢？人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(6)动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，
12、为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。如：They may go if they wish to(go)如果他们想去，他们就可以去。Dont go till I tell you to(go)直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(7)在 一 些 动 词，如 afford,agree,expect,forget,mean,pretend,remember,want,refuse,hope，wish,would like/love,try等后跟动词不定式作宾语，不定式承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。如：Will you go to
13、the cinema with me?你愿意和我一起去看电影吗？Well,Id like to(go with you)我愿意。I would do it for you,but I dont know how to(do it for you)我想为你做这事，但我又不知如何做。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(8)在某些形容词，如afraid,glad,willing,happy,eager等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。如：Will you join us in the game?你愿意和我们一起做这个游戏吗？Sure,Ill be glad to(join you in
14、the game)当然，我愿意。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(9)有些动词，如tell,ask,allow,expect,force,invite,permit,persuade,order,warn,wish,would like，forbid等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形，保留动词不定式符号to。如：He didnt come,though we had invited him to(come)尽管我们邀请他来，他却没来。注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留have或be。如：Are you a teacher?你是老师吗
15、？No,but I used to be(a teacher)不，但我以前是。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 二、句法中的省略 在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中，可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分，也可以省略多个句子成分。1.简单句中的省略(1)感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。如：What a hot day(it is)！多热的天啊！How wonderful(it is)！多妙啊！人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(2)在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。如：(Will you)Have a smoke?你抽烟吗？No.Thanks.不，谢谢了。(Is there)Anythin
16、g else to say？还有别的要说吗？2并列句中的省略(1)如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。如：John must have been playing football and Mary(must have been)doing her homework.约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(2)主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。如：His suggestions made John happy,but(his suggestions made)Mary angry.他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。(
17、3)主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。如：Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but(he)soon returned to his old ways.老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(4)在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。如：Jack will sing at the party,but I know that John wont(sing at the party)杰克将在晚会上唱歌
18、，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 3复合句中的省略(1)名词性从句中的省略 作宾语的从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语。如：Someone has used my bike,but I dont know who(has used it)有人用了我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。He has gone,but no one knows where(he has gone)他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分。如：(Im)Sorry,Ive kept you wa
19、iting so long.对不起，让你久等了。在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的情态动词should可以省略。如：Its important that we(should)speak to the old politely.我们对老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(2)定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that,which,who(whom)常可以省略。如：The man(that/who/whom)I saw is called Smith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。Where is the bo
20、ok(that/which)I bought this morning?今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿？人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 关 系 副 词 when,where,why以 及 that在 the time(day,morning,afternoon,evening，night,week,month,year等)when,the place(desk,table,room,spot,house,town，country,school等)where,the reason why,the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when,where,w
21、hy,that。如：I shall never forget the day(when)we first met.我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。The reason(why)he came so early is his own affair.他来这么早是他自己的事。The way(that)you answered the questions was admirable.你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页(3)状语从句中的省略 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。在as
22、,before,till,once,when,while等引导的时间状语从句中。如：While(I was)waiting,I was reading some magazines.我一边看杂志，一边等。在though,although等引导的让步状语从句中。如：Though(they were)tired,they went on working.虽然(他们)累了，但他们仍继续工作。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 在if,unless(if.not)等引导的条件状语从句中。如：You shouldnt come to his party unless(you were)invited.
23、除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。在as,as if,as though引导的让步状语从句中。如：He did as(he had been)told.他按照被告知的那样去做了。He paused as if(he was)expecting her to speak.他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 在as/so.as.,than引导的比较状语从句中。如：I know you can do better than he(can do)我知道你能比他做得更好。This car doesnt run as fast as that one(does)这辆
24、小车不及那辆跑得快。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 三、替代性省略 在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如think,suppose,expect,believe，guess等后常常和so,not等连用，以替代上文出现的内容。如：Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting?你认为他会来参加这个会议吗？I suppose not.我认为不会。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页.单句语法填空 1 If _(convenience),I will visit you this weekend and discuss what to do next
25、 with you.2Once _(encourage),he will have confidence to overcome the difficulties.3Mary,how about going to the movies after supper?_(sound)great.4Though _(surprise)to see us,the old man gave us a warm welcome.convenientencouragedSoundssurprised 人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 5He rushes out of the room as if _(m
26、eet)some important person.6 Knowing his trouble,I had nothing to do but _(inspire)him to continue his work.7Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street,but his father told him not _.to meetinspireto人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 8 If _(possibility),Id like to work in the Ministry of Finance becau
27、se I am good at mathematics and know much professional knowledge about finance.9_(be)I a bird,I would fly to see you at once.10Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss instead of the workers.They just carried out the order as _(tell)possibleWeretold人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页.语法填空 My Travel Experi
28、ence in ChinaDuring the summer holidays I visited a variety of regions in China.My first stop was Beijing and of course the Great Wall.Without question it lived up to my 1._(expect)人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页After a long journey I reached Yunnan.With 2._(it)minority villages and impressive landscapes,Yunnanh
29、ad a lot to offer.One of my 3._(enjoy)moments in Yunnan was during my visit to the Tiger Leaping Gorge.The climb over the gorge was at times exhausting 4._ always breathtaking.The views couldnt 5._(imagine)in their beauty and they 6._(leave)me with many great memories.After taking a boat from the ma
30、inland,I arrived at 7._ island province of Hainan.There I visited Baihua Waterfall.Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most 8._(relax)experiences of my life.人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页Throughout China there are many ancient buil
31、dings and in particular ancient towns.Lijiang and Dali both have glorious 9._(example)of this.It was remarkable to step back in time and get an idea of 10._ China might have looked like all those years ago.I thought the buildings were beautiful and full of history.I had a wonderful time!China is bot
32、h fascinating and beautiful!语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者的暑期中国之旅，并具体介绍了游玩的城市及景点。人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 1解析：live up to ones expectation(s)是固定用法，意为“达到某人的期望”。故填expectation(s)。答案：expectation(s)2解析：空格处指代上句中的“Yunnan”，且minority villages,impressive landscapes和Yunnan之间是所属关系，故用形容词性物主代词its。答案：its 3解析：根据空格后的名词“moments”可知，空格
33、处应用形容词，意为“愉快的”。故填enjoyable。答案：enjoyable人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 4解析：句意：虽然爬上峡谷有时让人筋疲力尽，但总是让人兴奋不已。根据句意可知，空格前后之间为转折关系。故填but。答案：but 5解析：句子的主语The views和动词imagine之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态；情态动词could后用动词原形。故填be imagined。答案：be imagined 6解析：此处叙述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填left。答案：left人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 7解析：根据“island province of Hainan”可知，这里特指海南岛，故用定冠词the。答案：the 8解析：空格处修饰名词“experiences”，应用形容词，意为“令人放松的”。故填relaxing。答案：relaxing人教版英语必修第三册返回导航下页上页 9解析：根据该句主语“Lijiang and Dali”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填examples。答案：examples 10解析：分析该句结构可知，空格处引导的宾语从句作介词of的宾语；空格处在从句中作looked like的宾语，意为“的样子”。故用what引导该宾语从句。答案：what
