1、Unit 4 Global warming 全球变暖.单词盘点根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇1._（adj.）胡乱的；任意的2._（n.）种类；范围3._（vi.）看一下；扫视（n.）一瞥4._（adj.）分布广的；普遍的randomrangeglancewidespread5._（adj.）平均的6._（vt.）拥护；提倡；主张7._（adj.）随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的8._（n.）环境；情况9._（vt.）使恢复；使振作10._（n.）现象_（pl.）现象11._（n.）量；数量_（n.）质量averageadvocatecasualcircumstancerefreshphenomenon
2、phenomenaquantityquality12._（vi.）趋向；易于；照顾；（vt.）照顾；护理_（n.）倾向；趋势13._（vt.）反对；反抗；与（某人）较量_（adj.）反对的；对立的14._（n.）结果；后果；影响_（adv.）因此；所以tendtendencyopposeopposedconsequenceconsequently15._（vt.）陈述；说明_（n.）说明；说法；表白16._（adj.）平稳的；持续的；稳固的_（adv.）平稳地；持续地17._（n.）生存；存在_（vi.）存在18._（n.）贡献_（v.）贡献；撰稿statestatementsteadyste
3、adilyexistenceexistcontributioncontribute【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空They _ a lot of food and clothing to the refugees(难民)and their _ will certainly help the refugees live through the winter.(contribute)When did the world come into _,i.e.begin to _?(exist)contributedcontributionsexistenceexist.短语回放1.发生；造成_2.而
4、不是_3.同意；赞成；订购_4.大量的_5.上升；增长；升起_6.导致_come aboutrather thansubscribe toquantities ofgo upresult in7.反对 _8.即使_9.继续_10.大体上；基本上_11.代表一方；作为的代言人_12.忍受；容忍_13.只要_14.等等_be opposed toeven ifkeep onon the wholeon behalf ofput up withso long asand so on.句式扫描1._(毫无疑问)the earth is becoming warmer and that it is hu
5、man activity that has caused this global warming _(而不是)a random but natural phenomenon.2.Without the greenhouse effect,the earth _(将比现在的温度还要低大约33摄氏度).There is no doubt thatrather thanwould be aboutthirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is3._(即使)we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and
6、 other greenhouse gases,the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.4.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on _(只要)you are using itif not,turn it off！5._（需要大量能源）to make things from new materials,so,if you can,buy things made from recycled materials.Even ifso long asIt takes
7、 a lot of energy【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子so/as long as引导条件状语从句仿写：只要你有自信，你会获胜的。So long as you have confidence in yourself,youll win.even if即使；尽管，引导让步状语从句仿写：即使受到邀请我也不去参加他的聚会。Even if I am invited,I will not go to his party.核心要点quantity三年1考consequence三年1考range三年1考average三年2考1.quantity n.量；数量a large/vast quantity
8、 of 大量的large/huge/vast quantities of大量的in quantity(=in large amounts)/in large quantities大量地Its a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity.如果你大量购买要便宜得多。There are large quantities of rain in this area.这个地区的雨量很大。_ _ of oil are imported from abroad every year.每年要从国外进口大量的石油。Large quantities【点津】a quantity o
9、f后同样可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。但当它作主语时谓语动词一般根据其所修饰的名词的数而定，而quantities of作主语时，不论其后的名词可数或不可数，谓语动词都用复数。There _(is/are)a small quantity of water left in the bottle and there _(is/are)large quantities of food left in the basket.（选词填空）isare【真题链接】2009福建，22Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of
10、 water _.A.have polluted B.is being pollutedC.has been polluted D.have been polluted【解析】选D。考查时态、语态及主谓一致问题。句意：这湖水怎么这么难闻？因为大量的水已经被污染了。water与pollute为被动关系，故排除A项；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名词，谓语动词应与quantities保持一致用复数，故排除C项，答案为D项。2.oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量(1)oppose(doing)sth.反对(做)某事oppose sb.doing st
11、h.反对某人做某事(强调动作)oppose sth.to/against sth.使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗(2)opposed adj.反对的；对立的be opposed to反对；与对立(强调状态)He opposed the proposal to build a new hall.他反对修建新礼堂的建议。Do not oppose your will against mine.不要用你的意愿和我的相抗衡。She seems _ _ your going abroad.她好像反对你出国。opposed to3.consequence n.结果；后果；影响in consequence=a
12、s a consequence因此；结果in consequence of as a consequence of因为；由于,因为的缘故take/suffer/face the consequences of承担的后果answer for the consequence 对后果负责of little/no consequence 不重要的，无足轻重的He broke the law,and now he must face/take/suffer theconsequences of his action.他违反了法律，现在他必须得为他的行为承担后果。Your opinion is of li
13、ttle consequence to me.你的观点对我来说不重要。She was over the age limit;_ _ _,her application was rejected.她超龄了，因此，她的申请被拒绝了。Jack failed to pass the exam _ _ _/_ _ _ being lazy in study.由于懒于学习，杰克考试没通过。in consequence ofas aconsequence ofas a consequence4.state vt.陈述；说明n.状况；状态；国家；政府（1）in a state of.在情况下in a good
14、/bad state状况良好（不好）a state of mind心态（2）It be stated that.据称The spokesman states that the agreement will be signed on 15th June.发言人声明条约将在六月十五日签订。The room was in a very dirty state.房间里非常脏。She is in a poor state of health.她的健康状况不佳。【点津】state用作可数名词时，有以下几种用法：(1)表示“状态，状况，情况”时常用单数，常指人或事物存在的情况，或在某一阶段的性质与形式，并通
15、常与冠词a连用，在不定冠词前用介词in。（2）表示“国家”时，侧重政体，即政治独立的国家，也可指其政府，也可指国家的一部分“州；邦”。此时其首字母要大写。【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空stateconditionsituation表示特定时间的状况，强调状态。强调暂时的环境或形势对目前情况的影响。与形容词连用时，尤指人或事物的外观、品质或工作状况，强调条件。多指被放置或设置的情况，可用于特定的、个别的或引起兴趣的环境。强调处境。The oranges may soon rot under present _.This is a used car in perfect _.She was in
16、a _ of shock.Measures must be taken to meet this _.conditionsconditionstatesituation5.range n.种类;范围;幅度;界限v.(在一定范围内)变动，变化；排列（1）a wide range of.范围广泛的，各种各样的in/within range在射程内；在范围内beyond/out of range在射程外；在范围外out of ones range某人能力达不到的；某人知识以外的（2）range from.to.在范围内变动；包括(由到)之间的各类事物range between.and.在和范围内变动
17、He has a wide range of interest,ranging from chess tocanoeing.他兴趣广泛，从国际象棋到皮划艇等。There is a full range of activities for children.有给孩子们提供的各种活动。The child was now _ _ _ _ _ vision.这孩子现在走出了她的视线。Their ages _ _ 25 _ 50.他们的年龄从25到50不等。out of her range ofrange fromto【真题链接】2010湖北，21This restaurant has become p
18、opular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A.division B.area C.range D.circle【解析】选C。句意：这家餐馆出名是由于它的各种各样的食物适应各种类型的人群。“a range of”强调一个系列，而“a wide range of”意为“各种各样的”。正好符合题意。【助记】6.average adj.平均的；普通的n.平均;平均数the/an average of.的平均数on average 平均地；通常above/below average高于/低于平均数/水平up to av
19、erage达到平均数Parents spend an average of$200 a year on toys for their children.父母给孩子买玩具的花费每年平均为200美元。The average man is not interested in this subject.普通人一般对这个题目不感兴趣。The average of 4 and 8 is 6.4和8的平均数为6。Two students are absent each day _ _.平均每天有两个学生缺席。on average【真题链接】2010江 西，35 Last year the number of
20、 students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000,a(n)_ of 40,000 per year.A.average B.number C.amount D.quantity【解析】选A。句意：去年毕业时已获得驾照的学生达到了20万人，平均每年4万人。a number of 许多,an amount of 一般加不可数名词表数额,a quantity of 既可以加可数名词也可以加不可数名词,但没有平均每年增加的意思。7.circumstance n.环境；情况in/under the circumstances在此
21、种情况下in/under no circumstances决不，无论如何都不In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。Circumstances permitting,Ill go abroad to study.情况允许的话，我会出国学习。【点津】circumstance意为“环境，情况”时，多用复数形式。in/under no circumstances置于句首时引起部分倒装A baby shouldnt be left alone in the house in any c
22、ircumstances.(句型转换)=In no circumstances _ _ _ _ _ alone in the house.should a baby be e about 发生；造成 Ill never understand how it came about that you made such a mistake.我真不明白你居然犯了这么个错误。How did these differences come about?这些差别是怎样产生的？【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空come abouthappen发生，产生，指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由发生，常用词汇，指偶然的，意外的
23、，具体客观事物的发生或出现，尤其指自发的未能预见的事情的发生take placebreak outoccur发生，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非是偶然的，进而引申为按计划“进行，举行”指战争、火灾、地震、疾病等的突然“发生、爆发”多指意想不到的事情的发生，用作此意时一般不和happen换用Luckily the earthquake didnt _ in the center of the city.Great changes have _ in our school in the past fewyears.A fire _ during the night.Argument occas
24、ionally _ between them.How did it _ that they knew where we were?happen/occurtaken placebroke outoccurs/happenscome about9.result in 引起；导致；造成(后接结果)(1)result in(=cause)引起；导致；造成(后接结果)result from由于而引起(后接原因)(2)as a result结果as a result of.由于的结果without result没有结果；白费 We tried hard，but without result.我们尽了很大
25、努力，但白费了。His carelessness _ _ the terrible accident.他的疏忽大意导致了那次可怕的意外事件。He was late _ _ _ _ the rain.由于下雨他迟到了。resulted inas a result of【真题链接】2009全国卷,13Jenny nearly missed the flight _ doing too much shopping.A.as a result of B.on top ofC.in front of D.in need of【解析】选A。句意：由于购物过多，Jenny几乎误了航班。A项意为“由于”，符合
26、句意。其余on top of“在顶上”，in front of“在前面”，in need of“需要”，均不合句意。10.it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。该句是一个强调句。(1)强调句的结构通常是：It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的剩余部分，可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等。(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的剩
27、余部分。(3)特殊疑问句的强调：疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子的剩余部分。(4)含有not until 的强调句：It+is/was+not until.+that+句子的剩余部分。Was it you that I saw last night at the concert?昨晚我在音乐会上见到的是你吗？Where was it that the fire broke out last night?昨天晚上是哪里发生了火灾？_ _ _ _ midnight that we went to bed.直到半夜，我们才去睡觉。It was not until(1)glance与其他近义
28、词的词义辨析(2)without引导的虚拟语气主句时态的判断(3)It takes.to do.句式的灵活运用1.I _ through that bitter period without your generous help.A.couldnt have gone B.didnt goC.wouldnt go D.hadnt gone【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：如果没有你的热心帮助，我无法度过那段艰难的日子。根据句意可知，此句是对过去事情的假设，主句应该用“情态动词+have done”结构，故A项正确。2.As a new graduate,he doesnt know _
29、it takes to start a business here.A.how B.what C.when D.which【解析】选B。考查名词性从句。句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。故答案选B。3.After a quick _ at the newspaper,the woman went for the meeting.A.stare B.glance C.notice D.sight【解析】选B。句意：快速浏览了一下报纸后，这位女士就去开会了。glance扫视；stare凝视；notice注意；sight视觉，观点。4.翻译下列句子如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物。Without air,there would be no living things.平息这两国间的争执需要智慧。It takes wisdom to settle the quarrel between the two countries.
