1、第四组(建议用时：20分钟).阅读理解Dont get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying. He simply may not be able to resist. A UI(University of Iowa) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may
2、 help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the longterm payoff of studying.“For the teenager, the rewards are attractive，” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an author of the study. “They draw adolescents. Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for t
3、hem. Even when a behavior is no longer in a teenagers best interest to continue, he will still go on. Thats because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”For parents, that means limiting distraction so teenagers can make better choices. Take the
4、 homework and social media dilemma for example: At 9 pm., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facebook or Twitter, the researchers advise. “Im not saying they shouldnt be allowed to have access to technology，” Vaidya says. “But some help in netting their concentration is nece
5、ssary for them so they can develop those impulse(冲动)control skills.”In their study, Vaidya and coauthor Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed. But
6、 the UI researchers wonder whether something more fundamental is going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higherlevel reasoning.“We wanted to try to understand how the brains reward system changes from childhood to adulthood，” says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the huma
7、n brain is easier than decisionmaking. “Weve been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescence behavior than an underdeveloped frontal lobe，” he adds. For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20
8、and 35 to participate.In the future, researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological aspects of their results.1What does the passage mainly tell us?AAlways, rewards are attractive to teenagers.BResistance can be controlled well by adolescents.CGetting rewards is the greatest motivat
9、ion for adolescents to study.DThe initial rush of texting is less attractive for adolescents than the longterm payoff of studying.2Which statement agrees with Jatin Vaidyas idea?AChildren should have access to the Internet.BChildren need help in refocusing their attention.CParents should help childr
10、en in making decisions.DThe influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.3What result does teenagers brain underdevelopment lead to?AMaking good decisions.BEscaping risky behavior.CJoining in dangerous actions.DDoing things after some thought.4How did the researchers carry out their study?ABy exam
11、ining adults brain.BBy examining teenagers brain.CBy building the brains reward system.DBy making a comparison of brain examinations.任务型阅读Caring about what other people think about what you do in a healthy way can help you to gain valuable feedback and keep you grounded.But caring too much about wha
12、t people may say or think when you do something can keep you in the same old rut(刻板的常规), unable to move forward and to live the life you truly want to live.So how can you overcome this common problem and find more inner freedom to do what you want?People dont think about you and what you do that muc
13、h.Holding yourself back in life because of what other people may think or say does come from a wrong belief that people care a great deal about what you are about to say or do.Perhaps you are afraid that people will laugh at or analyze what you said or did for the rest of the week or year.But a much
14、 more realistic scenario(情况)is that they have their hands full with worrying about their own lives.Yes, in your head you may be the most important person in the world.But dont project that onto other people.Take praise and criticism evenly.My mindset for praise is that its cool and I appreciate it.I
15、ts great to get praise, but I seldom get overly excited about it and jump up and down shouting enthusiastically.A great upside of this mindset is that when you receive the oppositenegative criticismyou can often observe it calmly without too many wild, negative emotions blocking the way.This allows
16、you to appreciate that piece of criticism too.Care more about what you think about yourself.If you care too much about what people think of you then that craving(渴望) need can make you feel quite needy and you start to define yourself based on what they may think of you.So replace that somewhat despe
17、rate need with something healthier, something you have more power over, something that will give you more inner stability and lets your life not become a roller coaster(不断变化的情况) of thoughts and emotions controlled by other peoples opinions.Not all things that they may say or think are really about y
18、ou.If someone is pretty much always negative about what other people do or he or she often makes personal attacks and lets the destructive words flow, and if such things are aimed at you, remember that they arent always about you.Such words or negative habits can be a way for that person to release
19、anger, frustration or jealousy about something in his or her own life.Listen to the supportive people.I wouldnt recommend stopping caring about what people may say altogether.Listening to what they have to say can provide you with useful advice and help you to gain confidence so that your life and r
20、elationships do not spin out of control or break down.But try to choose who you listen to.Listening to your relative or a friend that always sees the pessimistic side of things may not help you so much.Never Care Too Much About What Others Think of YouIntroduction to the topicCaring about what peopl
21、e think about you is 1._ to you to some degree, but caring too much about that will 2._ you from moving forward and living the life you truly want.3._ on dealing with others comments properlyPeople dont think about you and what you do that much.You may 4._ believe that others care much about you.Act
22、ually, others are busy worrying about their own things, so dont take it for granted that you are the most important person in others heads.Take praise and criticism evenly.Praise deserves to be appreciated, but never get too excited about it.Negative 5._is of equal importance as praise.Care more abo
23、ut what you think about yourself.Never make a 6._ of yourself according to others opinions on you.It is wise to define yourself with something healthier, something that you can 7._， something that will make you feel stable inside.Not all things that they may say or think are really about you.Do not
24、care about words from people who are not 8._ with others all the time. Sometimes what they say is just a way of 9._ their own feelings.Listen to the supportive people.You can benefit from what people think about you but it makes sense to listen to those who hold a(n) 10._ attitude towards life.第四组.阅
25、读理解【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年对自己行为的即时影响和奖励比成人更敏感，所以奖励对青少年总是很有吸引力的。1A解析：主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后两句“A UI(University of Iowa) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more
26、 attractive for adolescents than the longterm payoff of studying.”可知，本文主要介绍了Iowa大学的一项研究发现，即青少年对自己行为的即时影响或奖励比成年人要敏感得多，即奖励对青少年总是很有吸引力的。故选A。2B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse(冲动)control skills.”可知，Vaidya认为帮助孩子们集中注意力是
27、必要的。故选B。3C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In their study, Vaidya and coauthor Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed.”可知，青少年大脑发育不完全可能会导致他们参与危险的行动。故选C。4D解析：推理判断题。
28、根据第五段最后一句“For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.”可知，在他们的研究中，研究人员说服了40名青少年，年龄分别为13岁和16岁，以及40名成年人，年龄分别为20岁和35岁。由此可推知，研究人员是通过对比40名青少年和40名成年人的调查结果而展开研究的。故选D。.任务型阅读1beneficial2.prevent/stop/discourage/keep3.Advice/Tips/Suggestions4.wrongly5.criticism6.definition7.control8content/satisfied9.releasing10.optimistic/positive
