1、专题二十三概要写作【5年高考】(2019浙江6月)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says, “Wevegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinktheyrebuildingtheirchildrensconfi
2、dence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythatsinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparentspraisehasputthem.Still,dontgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Ki
3、dswillfeelliketheyrenotgoodenoughorthatyoudontcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethi
4、ngthatdeservesaverbalreward. “Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildrenseffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters. “Onethingtorememberisthatitstheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbas
5、ketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhesoutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-
6、casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.答案写作提示1.本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了如何有效表扬孩子的问题。文章结构清楚,论点明确。2.文章第一段指出过度的表扬不利于孩子的成长。第二段认为不表扬孩子也不好。第三段指出了表扬的核心:要关注过程而非结果。最后一段指出,我们要表扬孩子的努力,不必太过关注结果。3.针对此类文章最好在概要中加入主旨句,先对文章的总体内容给予介绍。Onepossibleversion:Howtopraiseourkidsisreallyasensitiveproble
7、m.(主旨)Expertsbelievethattoomuchpraiseorpraisingthekidsinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.(要点1)Ontheotherhand,nopraisealsodoesharmtokidsdevelopment.(要点2)Togainthebestresult,ourpraiseshouldfocusontheprocessratherthantheendproduct.(要点3)Therefore,whatweshouldpraiseisourkidspropereffort,regardle
8、ssoftheresult.(要点4)【3年模拟】每篇建议用时:25分钟A组20192021年模拟基础题组Writing1(2020山东济宁鱼台一中期中)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Smokingawholepacketofcigarettesinadayonceortwiceayearwouldcertainlymakesomeonefeelill,butprobablywouldnotkillhim.Smokingevenonecigaretteeverydayfordecades,though,mightdoso.Thatisthedifferencebetwee
9、ntheacuteexposureandthechronic(慢性的)one,anditisadifferencethatmostpeopleunderstand.Whattheymaynotunderstandisthatthesamethingappliestoairpollution.Onaday-to-daybasis,theforecastsmostEuropeancitiesofferturnredonlywhenpollutionlevelsrisetoapointwheretheywillcauseimmediatediscomfort.Thatmakessense,butit
10、mightalsomakethebadly-informedcitizensthinkthatifmostdaysintheplacewheretheylivearegreen,theairtheyrebreathingisbasicallysafe.Thismaynotbethecase.Forexample,inLondonwherethenationaldatasaidairqualitywas “good” or “verygood”fourdaysoutoffive,astudyfoundthatlevelsofNO2werealwayshigherthantheWHOslimito
11、falong-termdanger.Officialdataalsofailtonoticepatternsofdifferencewithinaday.Thesecanbeimportant,becausepeoplemightbeabletochangetheirbehavioriftheyunderstoodthem.Ourstudysuggests,forexample,thatParisianswhoheadoutforworkat9a.m.andreturnat6p.m.couldreducetheiraveragedailyintakeofNO2by16%bytravelingb
12、othwaysanhourearlier.Goingtwohoursearlierwouldcuttheintakeby28%.Thebestadviceofalltopeopleinthesecities,though,istomovetoAmerica.InNewYork,levelsofNO2were20%belowtheWHOslimit,andthatisprettytypicalofplacesintheUnitedStates,wherediesel(柴油)islesscommonthanthatinEurope.AsthewordsontheStatueofLibertysay
13、, “Givemeyourtired,yourpoor,yourhuddled(蜷缩的)massesyearningtobreathefree.”答案写作提示本文是一篇说明文。文章认为空气污染即使很轻微,长期污染也会有害健康。1.本文共分四段:第一段引出下文要谈论的话题,接下来三个段落对空气污染的话题展开论述并提出解决问题的对策。2.概要可以从每个自然段提取核心信息,组成四个要点。 3.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。Onepossibleversion:Likecigarettes,airpollutioncanbemild,butitisalsoharmfultohumanhealthinth
14、elongterm.(要点1)Theforecastssayingdaysaregreendontmeantheairisabsolutelysafetobreathe.(要点2)MostEuropeancitizensarenotinformedofthedifferentpatternsofpollutionwithinaday.(要点3)ThesepeopleareadvisedtomovetoAmerica,wheretheairisquiteclean.(要点4)Writing2(2020浙江杭州三校一模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Itwasoncecomm
15、ontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction.Eachclasshaduniquecharacteristics.Inrecentyears,manywritershavebeguntospeakofthe “declineofclass” and “classlesssociety” inBritain.Andinmodern-dayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobethemiddleclass.Butpronouncingthedeathofclassistooearly.Arecentwide-
16、rangingstudyofpublicopinionfound90percentofpeoplestillplacingthemselvesinaparticularclass;73percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofBritishsociety;and52percentthoughttherewerestillsharpclassdifferences.Thus,classmaynotbeculturallyandpoliticallyobvious,yetitremainsanimportantpartofBritishsociety.Br
17、itainseemstohavealoveofclass.OneunchangingaspectofaBritishpersonsclasspositionisaccent.Thewordsapersonspeaksshowherorhisclass.AstudyofBritishaccentsduringthe1970sfoundthatavoicesoundinglikeaBBCnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice.Mostpeoplesaidthisaccentsounded “educated” and “soft”.Theaccent
18、splacedatthebottominthisstudy,ontheotherhand,wereregional(地区的)cityaccents.Theseaccentswereseenas “common” and “ugly”.However,asimilarstudyofBritishaccentsintheUSturnedtheseresultsupsidedownandplacedsomeregionalaccentsasthemostattractiveandBBCEnglishastheleast.ThissuggeststhatBritishattitudestowardsa
19、ccentshavedeeprootsandarebasedonclassprejudice.Inrecentyears,however,younguppermiddle-classpeopleinLondon,havebeguntoadoptsomeregionalaccents,inordertohidetheirclassorigins.Thisisanindicationofclassbecomingunnoticed.However,the1995popsong “CommonPeople” putsforwardtheviewthatthoughamiddle-classperso
20、nmay “wanttolivelikecommonpeople” theycanneverappreciatetherealityofaworking-classlife.答案写作提示本文是一篇说明文。文章认为目前英国仍然有浓厚的阶层倾向。1.本文共分四段,每段主旨都很清楚。2.概要可以根据各个自然段来写。3.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。Onepossibleversion:CurrentlyBritainseemstobeclasslessintheconsumersociety.(要点1)However,astudyshowsBritishstillhaveastrongsenseofc
21、lasswhichcontinuestobeacrucialpartforthem.(要点2)Whatremainsthesameisthattheaccentrepresentsapersonsclasswhilepeoplesattitudestotheaccentarerelatedtoclassprejudice.(要点3)Nevertheless,nowadaystheyounguppermiddleclasscoveruptheiroriginswithotheraccents.(要点4)B组20192021年模拟提升题组Writing1(2020上海华东师大第二附中开学考试)阅读
22、下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。WhatCoffeeDoestoYourHealthCoffeecanbeconsideredoneofnaturesgreatestgifts.Itgivesmentalandemotionalclearnesswithoutharmfulsideeffects,anditcontainsawealthofnutrients.Yet,whenmostpeopledrinkcoffee,theyarenotthinkingthatthedrinkisimprovingtheirhealth.Infact,somemayevenfeelalittl
23、eguilty,sincesomebelievecoffeeisntgoodforthematall.Well,theresthetruthofthematter.Coffee,likeanythingelse,canbringaboutproblemsiftoomuchisconsumed.Intheshortterm,toomuchcoffeewillcausesleepproblemsandhighbloodpressure.Inthelongterm,toomuchcoffeewillcausestomachproblemsaswellasteethstaining.Asfortheb
24、enefits,moderateconsumptionofcoffee,whichmeansonetofourcupsaday,providesyourbodywithawealthofantioxidants(抗氧化物质).Thesesubstancesareresponsibleforeliminatingfreeradicals(自由基).Theyarethechemicalby-productsproducedanytimeyourbodydoessomething.Asmallnumberofthemcanhelpserveassomethingagainstnegativeelem
25、ents,butiftheyarentkeptincontrol,theycancausehealthproblems.Antioxidantsensurethatthisdoesnthappen.Thepsychologicaleffectsofcaffeinecannotbeignoredeither.Notonlydoescaffeinemakeyoumorealert,butitcanactuallyaffectyourmood.Ifyouwerefeelingdepressed,anicecupofcoffeecouldchangeyourperspective.Thestackof
26、workthatseemedimpossiblebeforeisntevenaproblemnow.Inaddition,caffeinehelpsstimulatecreativityasitspeedsupthebodysfunctioning.Thatswhycoffeeisoftenassociatedwithwritersandotherintellectualprofessions.Otherdrugstendtomakepeopledumber.Considerwhathappenswhenpeoplegetdrunkoffofalcohol.Theywontbefunction
27、alatall.Butwithcoffee,anindividualgetsapushincreativethinkingwhilestillhelpingtheirbody.Inconclusion,dontfeelbadwhenyouaremakingyourmorningcupofcoffee.Unlikeashotofalcohol,coffeewillmakeyoufeelwonderfulwhilekeepingyouhealthy.Justremember,youdohavetoconsumeitinmoderation.答案写作提示本文是说明文,主要说明了适量饮用咖啡对我们的健
28、康有益。1.本文共分六段:第一段、第二段和第六段重点介绍了喝咖啡的好与坏,可整合为第一个要点;第三段说明了抗氧化物质对人体的好处,可作为第二个要点;第四、五两个段落重点说明了咖啡因的功能,可整合为第三个要点。 2.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。Onepossibleversion:Ifdrunkmoderately,coffeeisbeneficialtoourhealth.(要点1)Drinkingmoderatecoffee,peoplewillgetmanyantioxidants,whichensurefreeradicalsareincontrol.(要点2)Besides,theca
29、ffeinecontainedincoffeemakespeoplemorealert,affectspeoplesmoodandhelpsstimulatecreativitywithouthurtingtheirhealth.(要点3)Writing2(2020浙江名校协作体联考)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Wealreadyknowthattheunderwaterworldisanythingbutsilent.Itisfullofnaturalsoundsproducedbyanimalsandbythemotionoftheatmosphereandwate
30、r.Buttodaysresearchersareincreasinglyconcernedabouttheman-madenoisesunderthewater.Theyareconfusingwhalesandothermarineanimals.Althoughhearingisimportanttoallanimals,thespecialqualitiesoftheunderseaworldemphasizetheuseofsound.Underwatersoundallowsmarineanimalstogatherinformationandcommunicateatgreatd
31、istancesandfromalldirections.Loudunderwaternoisescancausedamagetotheirhearing.Andnowadaysitsbecomingtoomuchformarinewildlife.Evidenceshowsthatwhaleswillswimhundredsofmiles,rapidlychangetheirdepth,andevenbeachthemselvestogetawayfromthesoundsofsonar.Youmightthinklowernoises,typicallycausedbyshippingor
32、construction,donotposeathreattomarineanimals.Infact,whiletheymaynotkilltheanimalsdirectly,theycandisturbtheirabilitytolocatefood,findmatesandavoidpredators(捕食性动物).ScientistslookedattheeffectsofnoisefromsmallmotorboatsoncoralreeffishattheGreatBarrierReefinAustralia.Inthelab,thefishhadbeentrainedtorec
33、ognizethesmellofthreecommonpredatorsasathreat.Somefishweretrainedinthepresenceofboatnoise,whiletheothershadtrainingwiththenaturalsoundsoftheocean.Itturnedoutthatthefirstgroupshowednofrightreactionswhenexposedtothepredators.However,theothergroupwasscared.Andundertheinfluenceofunderwaternoiseonthisgro
34、up,only20percentoffishsurvived,comparedtoalmost70percentofunexposedfish.Humansrelyontheoceanforitsnaturalresourcesandbiodiversity.Theoceanalsoplaysanimportantroleinregulating(调节)temperatures.AsCousteausaid, “Formostofhistory,manhashadtofightnaturetosurvive;inthiscenturyheisbeginningtorealizethat,ino
35、rdertosurvive,hemustprotectit.”答案写作提示本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人造的噪音对海洋动物的伤害,呼吁人们要保护海洋环境。文章结构清楚,自然段自成要点,概括时把握各段的核心词,忽略细节信息。Onepossibleversion:Althoughtheunderwaterworldisnotsilent,man-madesoundisdoinggreatharmtomarineanimals.(要点1)Importantasunderwatersoundistoanimalsthere,loudnoisesintheseathreatentheirnormallife.(要点2)Accordingtoscientistsresearch,thesurvivalrateoffishdropssharplyundertheinfluenceofnoise,whetherloudornot.(要点3)Thus,withthebenefitsoftheoceantotheenvironmentandtemperature,peoplemustprotectitratherthanfightit.(要点4)
