1、第三讲主旨大意题高屋建瓴明意旨主旨大意题主要考查形式有三种：文章大意类、段落大意类及标题归纳类。主旨大意题在近三年全国卷中每套题均有涉及，虽然比重不大， 但是难度较高， 是大部分学生容易失分的题目类型， 应给予足够的重视， 争取阅读得满分。【近3年全国卷考情分析】清迷点扫盲点提升审题能力技法1最佳标题类文章主线定标题经典感悟【典例1】2022新高考卷阅读COver the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide ran
2、ge of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years,
3、 are now rising sharply. That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted (分心) driving was “only increasing, unfortunately”“Big change requires big ideas，” he said in a speech last month, referring bro
4、adly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device cal
5、led the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else
6、 that is not allowed under New Yorks handsfree driving laws.“We need something on the books that can change peoples behavior，” said Flix WOrtiz, who pushed for the states 2001 ban on handheld devices by drivers. “If the Textalyzer bill becomes law，” he said, “people are going to be more afraid to pu
7、t their hands on the cell phone.”31What is a suitable title for the text?ATo Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You StartBTexting and Driving? Watch Out for the TextalyzerCNew York Banning HandHeld Devices by DriversDThe Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer解析：标题归纳题。依据“关键词”法，纵观全文可知，本文关键词“texti
8、ng和driving”。虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机，可是问题却越来越严重。为了解决该问题，纽约立法者提出了利用Textalyzer来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案，由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。自主解答：_答题微点1.设题特点：标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达，主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。2常见设问方式：Which is the best title for the text?What can b
9、e a suitable title for the text?Which of the following can be the best/most suitable title for the passage?图解技巧文章主线定标题名师指津技法2全文大意题定位主题知文意经典感悟【典例2】2022全国甲卷阅读CAs Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle,
10、lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kickstarted what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired fr
11、om dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest , she decided it was time to take_the_plungeAfter taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get
12、lastminute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted to go，”she says.“I had no idea about what Id find there and I wasnt nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as
13、I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers shed never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni
14、says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one
15、 of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.31What is the text mainly about?AA childhood dream.BAn unforgettable experience.CSailing around the world.DMeeting animals in Antarctica.解析：主旨大意题。本文开篇即介绍了Ginni抵达南极洲时，可爱的企鹅开启了她终身难忘的旅行，下文又介绍了她去南极洲的原因、时间及其感受等。因此，“一次难忘的经历”是最佳主旨。自主解答：_答题微点1.设题特点：文章大意题是考查考生深层理
16、解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。2常见设问方式：(1)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/text?(2)What does the text/passage mainly focus on?(3)The passage/text is mainly about _(4)The main idea of the passage is _(5)What does the story mainly tell us?图解技巧
17、定位主题知文意技法3段落大意题首尾兼顾定段意经典感悟 2022新高考卷阅读DThe team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didnt have to do as much work and so didnt grow to be so large. (paragraph 4)Analyses of a l
18、anguage database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many huntergatherer people today. (paragr
19、aph 5)34What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?ASupporting evidence for the research results.BPotential application of the research findings.CA further explanation of the research methods.DA reasonable doubt about the research process.解析：段落大意题。上文提到人类语音及牙齿咬合的变化与新石器时代(the Neolithic age)农业的发展有关，而第五段主要说明了“一项语
20、言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化”，因此第五段列出一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。本段第一句中的confirm(证实)是关键词。自主解答：_答题微点1.设题特点：段落大意题主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。2常见设问方式：(1)What does the author tell us in Paragraph.?(2)The first paragraph is mainly about _图解技巧首尾兼顾定段意练重点练难点创新应用体验A2022苏州八校高三
21、年级三模On New Years Eves, I would reflect on my best days of the year. Sometimes they were the days I expected.Parties, vacations, weddings. But more often, the real best days werent the obvious ones. They were marked by the ordinary: a long conversation with a friend or an unexpected visitor.The probl
22、em with these best days was that they went by without me realizing how special they were. Could I find a way to know when the best days were coming and really feel them as they happened? So I tried to declare a best day in advance. Even if it felt ridiculous, this effort to make what seemed to be co
23、mmon feel extraordinary usually worked. Staying up chatting until late at night or going for a weekend run through a park in the sunshine felt as wonderful as I had hoped it would. Mundane experiences felt different when I marked them as such.Marking experiences this way is one key to happiness, sai
24、d Dr. Robert Waldinger, a psychiatrist, the director of the Harvard Happiness Study. “Often well remember the things that more emotionally loaded as opposed to the neutral, the flat, the boring. Thats why you probably cant remember what you had for dinner last Mondayunless it was something.”Looking
25、back at 2021, I realized that I was too busy following the news and wishing my life would go back to normal. But lately Ive found the unhappiness during the pandemic made unhappy before, too. The loneliness that I worried at times might become a permanent area of adulthood. They were excuses I made
26、as I waited for something to change.We cant wait anymore. The stress we feel now isnt going to magically disappear, just as it never would have before the pandemic. Theres only one thing we can control: How are we going to live in it? Why not try to have a best day right now, maybe even tonight? So
27、Im going to go back to my practice of declaring a best day in advance. Ill start by declaring today or tomorrow or next Monday one of the best days of 2022. Ill decide to do something I enjoyit could be as simple as having some friends over or going for a walk.1What does the underlined word “Mundane
28、” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?ASpecific. BOrdinary.COccasional. DSpecial.2Why does the author mention the words from Dr. Robert Waldinger?ATo prove what the author tried to do was right.BTo spread the knowledge about the happiness study.CTo prove we cant remember the boring and flat information.DTo
29、 convince readers of the importance of the happiness study.3According to the passage, what attitude should the author have towards negative emotions during the pandemic?ABelieve these emotions will disappear in the future.BRealize these emotions are special in this period.CBelieve these emotions wil
30、l not influence his life.DRealize these emotions exist in other periods too.4Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?AYou Can Wait For the Best Day.BYou Can Make Any Day the Best Day.CYou Can Own the Emotionally Best Day.DYou Can Recall the Best Day.B2022山东省聊城市高三下学期二模The world
31、is going through a basic transformation, which is changing the way we live, work and think. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is bringing dramatic change and giving rise to a future filled with exciting opportunities and new challenges. Together governments and businesses must find solutions to socie
32、tys most pressing needsfrom creating a carbonfree economy to tackling population growth and urbanization.In any period of rapid change there is a trend to look for a simple method, to greet the new things and replace the old way of doing things. But a close look at the facts tells a different story.
33、 Complex problems require many solutions working in harmony to enable positive change.The challenge for scientists and the engineers is to provide solutions in fact, data and todays realities. And while technologies offer new tools to help uncover solutions, the process also requires hard work, imag
34、ination and lots of improvement.Success rests on performing practical, realistic, longterm solutions that make the world cleaner, safer and more sustainable.The environment is a case in point. Much of the public debate has centered on the central role of renewable power sources in realizing a lowcar
35、bon energy future. While the industry is fully behind the developing renewables, today we understand a low or zerocarbon future depends on adopting a multifaceted approach.We cannot control sunshine levels or decide when the wind blows, which means solar power and wind power generators will produce
36、too much or too little energy at times. The transition to renewables needs to take account of serious considerations.Batteries have been much discussed as a means of storing extra energy, but there are other choices. PowertoX technologies enable spare energy created by renewables to be stored and re
37、distributed when and where it is needed.5Whats the main idea of Paragraph 2?ASocietys dramatic change calls for simple methods.BOld means of doing things should be replaced by new ones.CSociety needs positive change for development.DSome problems should be solved in combined ways.6What does the auth
38、or expect scientists and engineers to do?AOffer new tools to uncover solutions.BTackle population growth.CWork hard with imagination.DMake the world better with a simple method.7Whats the authors attitude to the consumption of the solar power and wind power?AUncertain. BCautious.CUnconfident. DDoubt
39、ful.8Which of the following is the advantage of PowertoX technologies?AThey can adjust power supply.BThey can conserve energy.CThey help make more electricity.DThey can create power from wind and sun.答题区题号12345678答案第三讲主旨大意题高屋建瓴明意旨清迷点扫盲点提升审题能力技法1答案：B技法2答案：B技法3答案：A练重点练难点创新应用体验A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历
40、说明刻意地制造一年中“最棒的日子”，确实能让那一天感觉大不相同，能帮我们创造积极的情绪价值。1答案与解析：B词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Even if it felt ridiculous, this effort to make what seemed to be common feel extraordinary usually worked.”可知，作者把平凡的某一天标记为最棒的日子，这种做法通常是有效的，结合划线词所在句中的“when I marked them as such”可推知，本句意为：当我像这样去标记时，平凡的经历也感觉大不相同，Mundane意为“平凡的”。2答案与解析：A
41、推理判断题。根据第二段中“So I tried to declare a best day in advance.”及“Mundane experiences felt different when I marked them as such.”可知，作者提前去指定某一天为“一年中最棒的日子”，结合第三段中“Marking experiences this way is one key to happiness, said Dr. Robert Waldinger, a psychiatrist, the director of the Harvard Happiness Study.”可知，
42、作者引用Robert Waldinger的话是为了证明自己的做法是正确的。3答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But lately Ive found the unhappiness during the pandemic made unhappy before, too. The loneliness that I worried at times might become a permanent area of adulthood.”可知，对待疫情期间的消极情绪，作者应该意识到这些情绪在其他时期也存在。4答案与解析：B主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合最后一段中“So Im goin
43、g to go back to my practice of declaring a best day in advance. Ill start by declaring today or tomorrow or next Monday one of the best days of 2022.”可知，作者通过自己的经历说明刻意地制造一年中“最棒的日子”，确实能让那一天感觉大不相同，能帮我们创造积极的情绪价值，故选B项。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了当今世界在变化，第四次工业革命带来了巨大的变化，同时也给未来带来了更多的机会和新的挑战，因此我们解决环境问题的方式应该多样化。5答案与解
44、析：D主旨大意题。根据第二段“In any period of rapid change there is a trend to look for a simple method, to greet the new things and replace the old way of doing things. But a close look at the facts tells a different story. Complex problems require many solutions working in harmony to enable positive change. ”可知
45、，第二段主要说明解决问题不能一味追求简单的方法，有的问题应该用多种方法协调解决。6答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“And while technologies offer new tools to help uncover solutions, the process also requires hard work, imagination and lots of improvement.”可知，作者希望科学家和工程师带着想象力努力工作，以提供解决方案。7答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“We cannot control sunshine levels or dec
46、ide when the wind blows, which means solar power and wind power generators will produce too much or too little energy at times. The transition to renewables needs to take account of serious considerations.”可知，作者认为太阳能和风能是我们无法控制的，需要认真考虑向可再生能源的过渡。由此推知，作者对使用太阳能和风能持怀疑态度。8答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据最后一段的“PowertoX technologies enable spare energy created by renewables to be stored and redistributed when and where it is needed. ”可知，PowertoX可以在适当的时间和地点进行储存和再分配，即它的优势是调整能源供应。12
