1、【由上海市徐汇区2014诊断卷改编】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, “In thinking the sou
2、l is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think and in which
3、words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there a
4、re some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this questio
5、n is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all ones capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say. At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the word
6、s we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not me
7、rely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal（潜意识） activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching
8、for something than it is like talking or reading.Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to des
9、cribe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How th
10、ey manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.1、According to the theory of thought devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is_.A. talking to the soul B. concealed speechC. speaking nonverbally D. a no
11、n-linguistic behavior2、What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking?A. The ability to use language enhances ones capacity of thinking.B. Words and thinking match more often than not.C. Thinking never goes without language.D. Language and thinking are generally dist
12、inguishable.3、According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we_. A. merely report internal speechB. have to search for proper words in the way we readC. are overwhelmed with vague imageryD. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words 4、Why are patients with speech disorders
13、able to think without having adequate control of language?A. They use different concepts. B. They do not think linguistically.C. It still remains an unsolved mystery. D. Thinking is independent of language.【参考答案】14、BADC阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Tired of all the pushing in supermarket
14、s? Fed up with waiting in endless lines to pay for what you have bought? Angry at wasting time in traffic jams only to find no parking spaces when you eventually arrive at the store? If this is you, then online shopping is the answer to your dreams of trouble-free shopping. Or is it?Online shopping
15、brings its own challenges. Here are a few things to bear in mind when browsing (浏览) various websites. The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe and secure way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. In any case, you only have to be the victim of fraud (诈骗) once to exp
16、erience all the problems that come with this form of stealing. Use only sites that have a trusted history and an excellent reputation.Another problem is the appearance of items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen. This might not be a problem if you are buyin
17、g washing up powder but could be a major disappointment when that beautiful blue dress you ordered turns up in green. Also, product descriptions are sometimes simply untrue. Perhaps the wisest plan is to purchase items where design and color are not essential to customer satisfaction.Some even argue
18、 that online shopping indirectly contributes to global warming. Yes, your car can stay parked but how are online goods delivered? Often by some large vans pouring out carbon monoxide and adding to our already desperate traffic problems. You are also by now becoming increasingly irritated (使烦恼) by th
19、e fact that the delivery is late and you have wasted the leave from work you have taken to receive it!Without question, online shopping is here to stay and it has its benefits. However, perhaps it is not as wonderful as some of its supporters claim it to be.36. The author lists several questions in
20、Para. 1 to .A. support online shopping B. collect answers from readersC. show his dislike of going shopping D. introduce the topic of the passage【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据用这些问题导入本段的主题，故选D。37. By what can online shoppers avoid fraud?A. Using only trusted websites. B. Choosing big websites.C. Collecting shoppi
21、ng evidence.D. Seeking advice from the police.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的句子：Use only sites that have a trusted history and an excellent reputation(名声).可知是使用值得信任的网站。故选A。38. What can we learn about online shopping from Para. 3?A. Its normal for a blue dress to change into green.B. We shouldnt believe produc
22、t descriptions easily.C. Its usually wise for us to buy colorful products.D. Product appearances are sometimes not good.【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Another problem is that the appearance of items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen.可知不要相信产品描述。选B。39. The author agrees
23、with the fact that _.A. customers are never satisfied with productsB. online shopping is a safe way to make purchasesC. online shopping has nothing to do with global warmingD. delivery delay often makes online shoppers unhappy【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据You are also by now becoming increasingly irritated(使烦恼)
24、by the fact that the delivery is late !可知是顾客对送货迟了是很生气的。故选D。40. What is the authors attitude towards online shopping?A. Very popular. B. A wise choice. C. Not trouble free. D. A waste of time.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据从最后一段可知网购是一个不是没有麻烦的，故选C。【2014高考英语陕西省一模联考试题】语法和词汇知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填
25、入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。11. Hurry up!Theres a bus coming!Why run? There will be_one in two or three minutes.A.another B. other C.the other D.any other12. The constant noise around here_ me crazy!Calm down.Its no use complaining.A. drove B.drives C.is driving D.had driven13. He wrote a long letter _he
26、 explained what had happened in the accident.A. what B. which C. whereD. how14.Will you attend the meeting this afternoon? But I _ told anything about it.A. havent been B. am not C. wasnt D. wont be15._under the tree was a charming girl aged about seventeen or eighteen.A.Sat B.Sitting C.To sit D.Sit
27、16.A good listener takes part in the conversation,offering ideas and _ questions to keep the talk flowing.A.raising B.understanding C.copying D.solving17. Every day _ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.A. read B. readingC. to readD. reads 18. _ by the latest electronic toys, t
28、he little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving.A.To be arrested B.Arrested C.Having arrested D.Arresting19. But for those interruptions, the meeting _ half an hour ago.A. was finished B. would have finishedC. would finish D. had been finished20. Some college students are seen doing _wor
29、k they can find to support themselves. A.that B.which C.whatever D.no matter what21. What a bargain! The price of this dress is_ that of the skirt.A. half not as much as B. much not as half asC. not half as much as D. as much as not half22.Dont forget to return the book in two weeks._. Dont worry ab
30、out it.A.Yes, I will BNo, I wont CSorry, I dont DI dont think so23. It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A.was until; when B.was not until; thatC.was not until; when D.was until; that24.The government has taken measures to_the high prices of daily goods
31、to keep the market stableA.put down B. tear down C.hand down D.bring down 25. So you gave Mary your dictionary?_.She said shed return it to me when she could afford her own. A. Not exactly. B. My pleasure. C. No doubt. D. Good idea.【参考答案】1125、ACCAB AABBC CBBDA第二组 10分钟1. Japan says its prime minister
32、 promised to provide the world with maximum transparency about _ accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant during _ telephone call. A. the; a B. the; the C. an; the D. an; a 2. Everyone here will thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires_the environment safer.A. make B
33、. to making C. to make D. from making3. The government work report by Premier Wen covers a variety of issues, and the prices of agricultural products _. A. in common B. in general C. in particular D. in practice4. Do you think I should wear a hat to the party?It all depends on your own_.A. personali
34、ty B. preference C. convenience D. selection 5. When I wanted to express my thanks to him，words _ me. I just held his hands firmly and choked. A. left B. fled C. forgot D. escaped 6. _of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend_ her. A. Warned, followedB. Warning, followingC.
35、 Having warned, followingD. Having been warned, following7. -We had a good time in dancing at a disco, why didnt you go with us?-I _ there, but my parents didnt let me go.A. couldnt go B. failed to go C. hadnt gone D. would have gone8. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates
36、will be admitted to universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as9. The farm as well as its neighboring hills we once spent so much time _ a new look recently. A. on has taken B. has taken C. on having taking D. having taken10. I find it astonishing that he _ be so rude to us. I _ make a complaint to
37、 his company. A. could; must B. should; shall C. shall; should D. dare; have to11. I heard the alarm ringing all the morning. _ something very urgent happened.A. Really B. Obviously C .Especially D. Terribly 12. “In no condition _ you are a Chinese. ”Dad told me before I went abroad.A. you should fo
38、rget B. forget you C. shouldnt you forget D. should you forget 13. - Not getting that job was a big letdown.- Dont worry. Something better will _.A. come along B. take on C. go by D. fall behind 14. I just dont understand _ that leads to so many teenagers becoming addicted to playing computer games.
39、A. why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is15. Whenever and wherever we are, keep in mind that we should listen more to others. Its wrong to express ourselves without thinking. Just as we all know, _.A. a good beginning makes a good ending B. a still tongue makes a wise headC. a great hope makes a great man D. a good husband makes a good wife【参考答案】ACCBD DDBAB BDACB
