1、省略一、省略的定义省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法手段。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子都是省略句。一般说来，只要不损害语法结构或者引起歧义，能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑，而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。观察例句1A：Oh，I just love nachos mexican corn chips covered with cheese.B：Me，too.2A：So its the food of many different cultures，all in one dish?B：Exactly.3A
2、real mix of cultures here!4Cant wait!归纳用法1简单句中的省略(1)主语的省略祈使句可省去主语。Hand me the hammer，will you?把锤子递给我好吗？除祈使句外，还有其他省去主语的情况。阅读下列句子，指出句子省略的主语是什么。Dont know.不知道。省略了：ILooks like rain.像是要下雨了。省略了：It(2)谓语或谓语的一部分的省略。阅读下列句子，指出句子省略的谓语是什么。Anything you want to tell me?有什么事要告诉我吗？省略了：Is thereThe students still waiti
3、ng？学生们还在等吗？省略了：Are(3)主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分的省略。阅读下列句子，指出句子省略了什么。(2016浙江卷)The movie starts at 8：30，and we can have a quick bite before we go.电影8：30开始，我们可以快速地吃点东西就走。Sounds great.See you at 8：10.听起来很好。8：10见。省略了：ItGoing to town？进城去吗？省略了：Are you(4)宾语的省略。阅读下列句子，指出句子省略的宾语是什么。Where should we go？我们去哪里？I dont care.
4、Anywhere you want.我无所谓，你想去哪儿就去哪儿。省略了：where we go(5)表语的省略。阅读下列句子，指出句子省略的表语是什么。Are these your friends？这些人是你的朋友吗？Yes，they are.是的，他们是我的朋友。省略了：my friends(6)系动词的省略有些省略结构省去了系动词，尤其在口语中。阅读下列句子，指出句子省略的系动词是什么。Everything in good condition.一切都完好无损。省略了：is(7)不定式的省略A答语中的有些动词后跟不定式做宾语时，可将其动词省略，而保留to，这样的动词或短语常见的有want，
5、wish，expect，hope，like，love，try，forget，prefer，mean，be going to，be about to，be supposed to等。Will you go with me？你要和我一起去吗？Yes，Id like to(go with you)是的，非常乐意。B如果做宾语的不定式是be动词或完成时态，则需在to之后加上be或have。Are you a doctor？你是医生吗？No，but I want to be.不，但我希望是。He hasnt finished his homework.他还没有完成作业。He ought to have.
6、他本应该完成的。C两个或两个以上的不定式并列，第一个带to，后面的常可省略to。My job is to look after the children and teach them English.我的任务是照顾孩子并教他们英语。但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to都不能省略。To be for the plan or to be against it doesnt matter.赞成或反对这项计划都不要紧。D当不定式做表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及其各种形式，则不定式中的to常可省略。What he wants to do is go home.他想做的就是回家。E感官动词和使
7、役动词后面做宾语补足语的不定式要省略to(help后的to可带可不带)。I saw a boy fall down from the tree.我看见一个男孩从树上掉下来了。Ill help you(to) do the work.我会帮你做这项工作的。F介词but前面有动词do，后面的不定式可省略to。He can do nothing but lie down and sleep.他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。2并列句中的省略并列句中后面分句与前面分句的相同部分常可省略。阅读下列句子，指出句子中省略了什么。They dont agree with you and neither do I.他们不
8、同意你的意见，我也不同意。省略了：agree with youShe was poor but honest.她虽然穷但很诚实。省略了：she was3复合句中的省略(1)宾语从句中的省略A以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若有与前面主句重复的内容，则可将重复内容省略，只保留特殊疑问词。阅读下列句子，指出句子中省略了什么。You are unhappy.Can you tell me why?你不高兴。能告诉我为什么吗？省略了：you are unhappyB当用Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等做答句时，后面常用省略形式。Do you think
9、 it will rain？你认为会下雨吗？I guess so.我猜会。常用表达：I hope so.我希望如此。I hope not.我希望不会。Im afraid so/not.恐怕如此/不是。I think/believe/guess/expect/suppose so.我认为/相信/猜/希望/认为是这样的。C在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省略。He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.他告诉我她是一个漂亮的女孩，而且很聪明。(2)定语
10、从句中的省略A在限制性定语从句中做宾语的关系代词that，which，whom可省略。He is one of the men (whom) I can trust.他是我信任的人之一。B修饰way的关系副词that(in which)可以省略。This is the way(that/in which)he studies.这就是他的学习方法。C在非正式用语中，关系代词as后面的主谓结构可省略。He gave the same answer as(he had given) before.他给出的答案和以前(他给的)一样。(3)状语从句中的省略A在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果
11、其主语和主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是it且从句中谓语动词包含be，常把从句的主语和be省略。阅读下列句子，指出句子省略了什么。Unless necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，否则你最好别查词典。省略了：it isBe careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。省略了：you areB在比较状语从句中，than或as后面的部分可省略。阅读下列句子，指出句子省略了什么。Im taller than she.我比她高。省略了：is I hate him as much as you
12、.我和你一样恨他。省略了：hate him(4)虚拟语气中的省略在if引导的虚拟语气中，如果从句中含有助动词were，had(done)，should，则可省去if，把were，had，should提到从句句首。(2016浙江卷)Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。阅读下列句子，进行同义句转换。If J
13、ohn were here，he would know what to do.Were John here，he would know what to do.要是约翰在这儿，他会知道怎么做。If anything had happened，he would have let her know.Had anything happened，he would have let her know.要是发生了什么事，他会让她知道的。If she had lost her place，they all would be ruined.Had she lost her place，they all woul
14、d be ruined.要是她丢了职位，他们就都完了。即学即练完成句子1如果你愿意，可以这么做。You can do it if you want to2这座城市再也不是过去那样了。The city is no longer what it used to be3尽管我们都精疲力竭，但我们都没有停下来。Though worn out，we didnt stop.4房间虽然不大，却很亮堂。Though not large，the room is well lit.5要是明天下雨的话，我就待在家里不出去。Should it rain tomorrow，I would stay at home.单句
15、语法填空1Some of you may have finished unit one.If so，you can go on to unit two.2Whats the matter with Della?Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still hopes to3When completed(complete)，the museum will be open to the public next year.4Are you a volunteer now?No, but I used to
16、be(be). I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.5Should(shall) he come, the problem would be settled.6The war is very likely to break out in the near future.I am afraid soIf the situation goes as it is.7Ill be away on business. Would you mind looking after my cat?Id be glad to8They landed saf
17、ely on the island in the Pacific.Everything went on better than expected(expect)9She hurriedly left the room as if angry(anger)10What surprised me was not what he said but the way(way) he said it.短文语法填空A lot of people like keeping pets. The most common pets that 1.are kept(keep) throughout the world
18、 are cats and dogs. The following are the major advantages of keeping pets.Pets like dogs require regular walking and exercise for proper 2.development(develop). As you take your dog out for 3.a walk，you are also going to exercise your whole body. In fact，dog owners spent a lot more time 4.walking(w
19、alk) compared to other people.5Though sharing your problems and difficulties with good friends is good, research shows that spending some time with your pets might be more useful. Also, when 6.doing(do) difficult tasks, people experience less stress if they have their pets with them. This could poss
20、ibly 7.be(be) because pets do not question or judge their owners；they simply support them.People who walk with their pets, especially dogs, are more welcoming and it gives them something 8.to talk(talk) about with other people.This way，they can make friends 9.easily(easy)Keeping pets has various advantages, but 10.it also has some disadvantages. Pets come with extra work and this can cause stress to the owners.
