1、预习 新知早知道UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS.匹配词义 A单词匹配 第一组()1.severeAn.感染；传染()2.contradictory Badj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的()3.infectionCadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的()4.multipleDn.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人()5.householdEadj.数量多的；多种多样的()6.interventionFadj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的()7.rawGadj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的()8.substantialHn.介入；出面；干涉()9.statist
2、icIn.显微镜()10.microscopeJn.pl.统计数字；统计资料；统计学 答案 15 BCAED 610 HFGJI 第二组()1.thinking An.蛋白质()2.proteinBn.a kind of germ that can cause infectious disease()3.cell Cn.the process of considering;ideas or opinions()4.virus Dadj.existing or occurring at the beginning()5.initial En.the smallest unit of living
3、 matter;a small room()6.framework Fn.彩虹()7.rainbow Gn.框架；结构()8.concrete Hn.领导；领导地位；领导才能()9.mechanic In.机械师；机械修理工()10.leadership Jn.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 答案 15 CAEBD 610 GFJIH B短语匹配()1.once and for all A同意；赞同()2.subscribe to B幸亏；由于()3.thanks to C水泵()4.water pump D最终地；彻底地()5.theoretical framework E(战争
4、、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发()6.break out F理论框架()7.in charge of G患(病)；染上(小病)()e down H最重要的是；尤其是()9.above all I主管；掌管 答案 15 DABCF 69 EIGH.默写单词 第一组1vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)2n.证据；证明；检验 3vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责 subscribeproofsuspectblame5n.把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)6n.联系；纽带 vt.把连接起来
5、；相关联 7n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 handlelinkdecrease8vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 9n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 10adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n.固体 transformfindingsolid第二组1vt.投射；向投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 2n.阴影；影子；背光处 3vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)4vt.保卫；防守；辩解 5n.助理；助手 castshadowpourdefendassistant6adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 7adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 8adj.聪颖的；绝妙的
6、；明亮的 9n.弱点；过错 10n.改变；转换；轮班 vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向 outstandinggiftedbrilliantfaultshift.语境填空 suspect；blame；subscribed；decreased；link；handle；poured；transform；outstanding；defend 1I to a morning paper.2We all the truth of the report.3My brother broke the window，but I got the subscribedsuspectblame4Do you know
7、how to the machine?5Is there a between lung disease and smoking?6The unemployment rate of the country last year.7A new colour scheme will your bedroom.8Andy the glass full and lifted it to Bobby.9The accused man had a lawyer to him.10Her husband was an scientist.handlelinkdecreasedtransformpoureddef
8、endoutstanding.语法填空之派生词 1If the primary (infect)is not treated，further outbreaks may occur.2We would resist any armed (intervene)from outside in our countrys affairs.3An accident was avoided by his quick (think)4The (find)of the commission have not yet been made public.infectioninterventionthinkingf
9、indings5The (machine)was busy repairing the machine.6Ill ask my personal (assist)to deal with this.7He was praised for his firm (leader)8Their helpers are (gift)with amazing powers of patience.9He did something (contradict)to his orders.10The blood on his shoes was a (prove)of his guilt.mechanicassi
10、stantleadershipgiftedcontradictoryproof1This illness causes severe diarrhoea，dehydration，and even death.这种疾病会、脱水，甚至死亡。2As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.作为一名年轻的医生，约翰 斯诺，因为没有人知道。导致严重的腹泻变得沮丧如何预防或治疗霍乱3In general，doctors in those days had t
11、wo contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.一般来说，当时的医生对。4Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺。5Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks.通过这种干预，。解释霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的理论怀疑是水泵的问题这种疾病的蔓延被立即阻止了词语助读used to 过去时常；过去曾(而现在不再)做 one of the most feared diseases 最可怕的疾病之一
12、 cause severe diarrhoea 导致严重的腹泻 an outbreak of cholera 爆发霍乱 millions of people 数百万人 die from 死于 become frustrated 变得沮丧 in time 最后 attend to 照料；照顾 give birth 生孩子 once and for all 最终地；彻底地 in general 一般而言 two contradictory theories 两种相互矛盾的理论 an infection from germs 细菌感染 subscribe to 同意；赞同 need proof 需要
13、证据 begin to investigate 开始调查 more than 500 people 500 多人 be determined to do sth.决心做某事 find out why 找出原因 21mark on a map 在地图上标出 22multiple deaths 多人死亡 23house numbers 门牌号 24some households 一些家庭 25such as 例如 26free beer 免费的啤酒 27suspect vt.怀疑 28be to blame 对某事应负责任 29what is more 而且，此外 30die of 死于 31mo
14、ve away 搬走 32have sth.done 使某事被做 33as a result of 由于 34accordingly adv.因此 35the handle of the pump 水泵的把手 36through this intervention 通过这种干预 37in ones tracks 立即 38moreover adv.再者，此外，而且 39a link between.and.与之间的联系 40water company 供水公司 41raw waste 未经处理的废物 42be likely to do sth.很可能做某事 43get cholera 得霍乱
15、44boiled water 白开水 45tireless efforts 不懈努力 46around the world 全世界 47a substantial decrease 大幅减少 48prevent cholera 预防霍乱 49thanks to 幸亏；由于 50statistic n统计数字 51transform vt.改变 52for this reason 由于这个原因 53modern epidemiology 现代流行病学原文呈现JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”Cholera used to be one of the most fear
16、ed diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could beovercome(1)This illness causes severe diarrhoea，dehydration，and even death.In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of cholera hitEurope(2)，millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor，John Snow became fr
17、ustrated because no one knew how toprevent or treat cholera(3)In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth(4)However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.(1)until 引导时间状语从句，其中 how.be overcome 为宾语从句。(2)when 引导时间状语从句。(3)becaus
18、e 引导原因状语从句。(4)when 引导时间状语从句。In general，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories toexplain how cholera spread(5)One theory was that bad air caused thedisease(6)Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water(7)Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was cor
19、rect，but he still needed proof.Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hitLondon in 1854(8)，Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in twoparticular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days(9)He was determined to find out why.(5)不定式短语作名词 theories 的后
20、置定语，其中 how cholera spread 为宾语从句。(6)that 引导表语从句。(7)that 引导表语从句。(8)when 引导时间状语从句。(9)第一个 that 引导宾语从句，其中 so.that.引导结果状语从句。Snow began by marking on a map21 the exact places where allthose who died had lived(10)There were multiple deaths22 near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers23 16，
21、37，38，and 40)However，some households24(such as25 20 and 21 Broad Street，and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer26，and so had not drunk the water from the pump(11)Snow suspected27 that the water pump was to blam
22、e28(12)What is more29，in another part of London，a woman and her daughter had died of30cholera after moving away31 from Broad Street.It seemed that thewoman liked the water from the pump so much that she had itdelivered32 to her house every day(13)As a result of33 this evidence，John Snow was able to
23、announce that the pump water carried choleragerms(14)Accordingly34，he had the handle of the pump35 removed sothat it could not be used(15)Through this intervention36，the disease was stopped in its tracks37.(10)where 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 places，其中 who died 也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 those。(11)and so 因而，连接两个并列谓语。(12)that
24、 引导宾语从句。(13)固定句式 It seemed that.似乎，其中 so.that.引导结果状语从句。(14)that 引导宾语从句。(15)so that.引导目的状语从句。The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had beeninfected by waste(16)Moreover38，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and39 the different water companies40in London
25、.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that waspolluted by raw waste41(17)The people who drank this water weremuch more likely toa42 get cholera43 than those who drank pure orboiled water44(18)(16)that 引导表语从句。(17)that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 water。(18)who 引导定语从句，第一个定语从句的先行词为 people；第二个定语从句的先行词为 those
26、。Through Snows tireless efforts45，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world46 saw asubstantial decrease47(19)However，cholera is still a problem.Each year，millions of people around the world get cholera and many die fromit(20)Fortunately，we now know how to p
27、revent cholera48(21)，thanks to49 the work of John Snow.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics50，Snow transformed51 the way scientistsstudydiseases(22)For this reason52，Snow is considered the father of modernepidemiology53(23)(19)and 连接两个表示顺承关系的并列句。(20)and 连接两个表示顺承关系的并列句。(21)“疑问词不定式短语”作宾语。(22)省略关
28、系词 that 或 in which 的定语从句，修饰先行词 the way。(23)名词短语作主语补足语。译文参考约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰斯诺展示了如何战胜它。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。19 世纪初，欧洲爆发霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王生孩子的时候照顾她。然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。一般来说，当时的医生对解释霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的理论。有一种理论是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。另一种观点是霍乱是由食物或水
29、中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。这是对的，但他仍然需要证据。因此，当 1854 年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺开始调查。他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10 天内就有 500 多人死亡。他决心找出原因。斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点。布罗德街的水泵附近有多人死亡(尤其是门牌号 16 号、37 号、38 号和 40号)。然而，一些家庭(如布罗德街 20 号和 21 号，剑桥街 8 号和 9 号)没有死亡。这些人在剑桥街 7 号的酒吧里工作。他们得到了免费的啤酒，所以没有喝这个水泵的水。斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。此外，在伦敦的另一个地方，一位妇女和她的女儿从布罗德街搬
30、走后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢这个水泵的水，以至于她每天都让人把水送到家。根据这些证据，约翰斯诺能够宣布这个水泵的水携带了霍乱病菌。因此，他让人把水泵的把手拿掉了，这样水泵就不能用了。通过这种干预，这种疾病的蔓延被立即阻止了。事实上，布罗德街的水泵的水已经被废物污染了。此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售泰晤士河的水，这些水被未经处理的废物污染了。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅减少。然而，霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年，世界各地有数百万人感染霍乱，并且许多人因此而死亡。幸运的是，由于约翰斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。谢谢观看 THANK YOU!
