1、突破语法大冲关UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS定语从句()在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有 that，which，who，whom，whose 等；关系副词有 when，where，why。观察例句1.There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.2Two thirds of the pe
2、ople who lived there were dead or injured.3The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.4Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.5Workers built shelters for survivors whose hom
3、es had been destroyed.6A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.7Mr.Li is an architect whose designs for the new town of Wenchuan have won praise.8The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.归纳用法一、关系代词的基本用法1who 指人，在
4、从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个老师。The girl(who)I met yesterday was his sister.我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。2whom 指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，不能作主语。The boy(whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。名师点津(1)关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。The boy(who/wh
5、om/that)we saw yesterday was Johns brother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用 whom，不用who。He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.他是我们大家都愿意学习的人。即学即练 1用关系代词填空Do you know the man _ is talking with your mother?Those _ want to see the film set down your names，please.This is the person _ y
6、ou should thank for helping your son.whowhowho/whom3which 只指物，不指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.桂林是一个有 2 000 年历史的城市。The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which)he had lost on the train.那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。4whose 既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，在从
7、句中作定语。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。5that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道，她刚刚夺得
8、一枚金牌。The report(that)Mr.Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。即学即练 2用关系代词填空Look，here are some people _ I want you to meet.Any student _ family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.The picture _ was about the accident was terrible.who/whom/thatwhosethat/
9、which二、用 that 不用 which 的情况1当先行词为 all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。2当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。3当先行词被 the only，the very，the last 修饰时。Chatting was the only
10、thing that interested her most.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。4当先行词既指人，又指物时。She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。5当主语是以 who 或 which 开头的疑问句时，为避免重复用 that。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？6当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it u
11、sed to be.上海已不是过去那个样子了。即学即练 3完成句子This is the most beautiful park _.这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。We often talk about the persons and things _.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。I have found the pen _ yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。that I have visitedthat we rememberthat I lost三、用 which 不用 that 的情况1在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。This is the room in
12、which he lives.这是他住的房间。2引导非限制性定语从句时。Tom came back，which made us very happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。3在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一句的关系代词是 that，那么后一句的关系代词就要用 which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library whichwas newly open.让我给你看这本从新开的图书馆里借来的小说。即学即练 4用关系代词填空The house in _ I used to live has become
13、 a shoe shop.Have you ever read the book，_ was written by a young girl?whichwhich四、使用定语从句的注意事项1关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查理斯狄更斯所写的书中的一本。He is the only one of the
14、boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。名师点津 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时 which 被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。He said he was a Frenchman，which was not true.他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。2为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited 后不可加 it)这就是我们上星期天参观过的工
15、厂。3关系代词的省略。(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。(3)关系代词 which 在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。即学即练 5单句语法填空The car that I _(have)in 1990 was blue.The student you should learn from is the one _ works hard and studies hard.He is one of the students _ know Spanish.hadwhowho.单句语法填空
16、1The boy _ broke the window is called Tom.2How medicine works in a human body is a question _not everyone can understand fully.3He was the only one of the boys _ was late for class.who/thatwhich/thatwho4Please go through the text and underline the words _ meanings you dont know.5Do you know everybod
17、y _ came to the party?No.I dont know the one _ you had a long talk with.6I have seen most of the greatest buildings in the world _ are famous on the Internet.whosewhowho/whomthat7Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.8The writer and his novel _ you have just t
18、alked about are really well-known.9This novel is popular with those _ were born in the 1980s.10There is no success without hard work;success is something _is only earned after much labor.that/whichthatwhothat.短文语法填空Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school？You will probably say 1._ they
19、 go to learn languages，arithmetic，history，science and some other knowledge.That is quite true，2._ why do they learn these things?thatbutWe send our children to school to prepare them for the time 3._they will be big and will have to work for themselves.Nearly everything 4._ they study at school has
20、some practical use in their life.But is that the only reason 5._ they go to school?There is more in education than just learning facts.We go to school to learn how to learn，so 6._ when we have left school we can continue to learn.whenthatwhythatA man 7._ really knows how to learn will always be succ
21、essful，8._ when he has to do something new，he will not only be able to do it well himself，he will also be able to teach others how to do it in the best way.The person 9._ is uneducated，on the other hand，is either unable to do something new，or just does it badly.The purpose of schools，10._，is not to teach languages，arithmetic，history，science，etc.，but to teach pupils the way to learn.who/thatbecausewho/thattherefore点击右图进入 课 时 分 层 作 业 谢谢观看 THANK YOU!
