1、 语法专项复习一：代词（一）代词是代替名词表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称.近几年来高考对代词的考查主要集中在语境中的词义辨析,同时涉及代词的“人称”、 “数”和 “格”等内容.一、代词的种类人称种类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数/复数单数复数人称代词主格I weyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem物主代词形容词性myouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代词myselfourselvesyourself/ yourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemsel
2、ves指示代词this, that(单数)；these, those(复数)相当于名词、形容词作宾语或定语相互代词each other(两者)；one another(三者)不定代词anyone/anybody, someone/somebody, everyone/everybody, no one/nobody, anything, everything, something. nothing, any, every, each, some, many, much, such, all, both, several, either, neither, another, one, ones,
3、 others, the other(s), few, a few, little, a little这些不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。有单复数和可数、不可数的区别。疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what用在特殊疑问句中连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, that用在名词性从句中关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as 用在定语从句中二、代词的用法（一）人称代词的用法功能用法说明例句备注主语用主格形式She is cleverer than he.You, Tom
4、 and I are good friends. 多个代词的排列顺序：单数按二、三、一人称(you, he and I)复数按一、二、三(we, you and they)名词和人称代词(the boss and she) She 可以指代国家、月亮、猫、鸟类宠物等； he指马、大象、狗等。宾语(跟在动词或介词后)用宾格形式He asked them to sit down.Please give her an orange.They arrived at the hall before us.练习 (汉译英) 老实说，我不赞成你的观点。 （二） 物主代词的用法类别句子成分例 句形容词性物主代
5、词只作定语（修饰名词）Will you please show me your photo?There are five people in my family.名词性物主代词（不修饰其他成分）主语Our classroom is big. Theirs is small.宾语This is my ID. Please show me yours.She is a good friend of mine.表语These magazines are ours.The jumper isnt hers.练习(汉译英) 那台新手提电脑不属于他的，是她的。 （三） 反身代词的用法句法功能例 句宾语He
6、lp yourself to some fish. (请随便吃鱼吧。)He is too young to look after himself. (他太小不能照料自己。)与某些介词或动词构成短语for oneself (为自己、亲自) (all) by oneself(=alone) (单独、独自的) to oneself (对自己、在心中) of oneself (自动地) teach oneself (自学) enjoy oneself (玩得愉快) talk to oneself (自言自语) call oneself (自称) seat oneself (坐下) dress ones
7、elf (自己穿衣) help oneself to (随便吃) devote oneself to (奉献给) come to oneself (苏醒) make oneself at home (随便些) make oneself heard / understood / believed (使别人听到/理解/相信)练习: (汉译英) 他提高声音以便大家都能听到。 练习: . 用所给词的正确形式填空1. - Who teaches French? - Nobody, we learn it . (you, oneself)2. My girlfriend is going to have
8、examined, for she is not quite _ today. (she / oneself)3. Does it matter if Henry cant finish job on time? (he)4. Were free today. Let play golf, will ? (we, you)5. All my classmates are going to dance, including and . (I ; she). 完成下列句子1. 我和一位朋友去了澳洲度假。（用物主代词） 2. 他的相机比你的贵多了。 3. 她独自一个人完成了那项工作。 语法专项复习一
9、 代词(二)(四) 不定代词的用法 1).some 与any: some 用于肯定句中,any用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中.但是,在表示请求,邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用some而不是用any.如:Will you lend me some money?2). 指两者和三者的不定代词. 有些不定代词用于指两者(如both,either,neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如 all, any, none,every), 具体使用时要根据上下文正确选用.如:He is blind in both eyes.Were they all college students?注:each可用于
10、两者,三者或三者以上,而every只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用each,不能用every.如:There are trees on each side of the road.练习: 1. 用some 和any 填空1). Do you know people who smoke?2). Would you please have tea?2. 用each和every填空1). The minister shook hands with of the visitors.2). He is fond of football. He watches almost football m
11、atch.(汉译英) 除了他，我们大家都去过美国了。(every one of) 她的双眼又大又亮，但两耳也不小。(both of ; neither of) (五) other, the other, another,others的用法Other 一般是形容词性,其后要加名词,表示泛指.如:Other students 其他学生The other 表示特指,其后可以再加一个名词,表示两个中的另外一个,常见的搭配是oneand the other.如:Grandpa has two sons. One is a teacher, and the other (son) is a worker.
12、Another 用作代词和形容词,指众多东西里的另外一个.如:Please show me another pair.Others代词,其后不跟名词,泛指其他一些.如:We should think of others.我们应该多为别人着想.练习用another,the other,others或the others填空1.) There are two lions in the zoo. One is old and is young.2.) We have many problems to discuss. One is how many guests we should invite,
13、is whose house we should use and the third is3.) There are three types of tiger living in China. Some live in America.综合练习一. 单项选择题1. On _ sides of the Great Wall new cities appeared. A. either B. every C. both D. all2. I have three sister; one is a nurse, _ is a student, _ is a teacher. A. the other
14、; the other B. another; another C. another; the other D. the other; another3. I feel a bit hungry. -Why dont you have _ bread? A. any B. some C. a little D. both B and C4. _ very kind of _ to help us. A. It; you B. This; her C. That; your D. It; they5. Not _ the students went to the dancing party to
15、night; quite _ still stayed in the dormitory. A. every; few B. all; a few C. each of; none D. both; some二. 语篇模拟: 阅读下面短文,填写恰当单词或用所给词的适当形式填空. 1 of the greatest killers in the western world is heart disease. For example, in Britain about four hundred people a day die of 2 . Medical experts know that pe
16、ople can reduce 3 chances of getting it by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets and by paying more attention to reducing stress in their work. However, western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of disease. The US health-care system i
17、s spending large sum of money on the surgical treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis on treatment clearly has 4 to do with the technological advances in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. 5 (much) operations 6 were considered impossible or too risky a 7 (little) years ago are now performed 8 (each) day in the US hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery.
