1、2020年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编（5）阅读理解-科技类1. The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally dont flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33 am, a burst of additional tra
2、ffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes. That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city, just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) sig
3、nals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home. Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, says Alex Stevano
4、vic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University. For all of Bellevues success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities,
5、 others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. Its not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities, he says. In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of w
6、elcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Departments traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just m
7、aking them bigger.(1).What does the underlined word that in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Increased length of green lights.B.Shortened traffic signal cycle.C.Flexible timing of traffic signals.D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.(2).What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?A.They work better on broad
8、 roads.B.They should be used in other cities.C.They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.D.They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.(3).What can we learn from Bellevues success?A.It is rewarding to try new things.B.The old methods still work today.C.I pays to put theory into practice.D.T
9、he simplest way is the best way.2. For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of todays sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with pro
10、fessionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound. Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer cant let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and swi
11、tches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person,
12、but it is not deadly. For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Lets say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence
13、Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out.
14、 Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back. Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯)are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly,spotsound creates a
15、 circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in whi
16、ch they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes. (1).What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?A.It causes temporary hearing loss.B.It slows down a running man.C.It makes it easy to identify a suspect.D.It keeps the susp
17、ect from hurting others.(2).The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to _.A.silence the people around youB.remove the sound of commercialsC.block the incoming sound wavesD.stop unwanted sound from affecting you(3).What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?A.They travel in circles.B.T
18、hey clear the atmosphere.C.They can be transformed into energy.D.They can be directed onto a specific area.(4).Directed sound can be used for _.A.creative designs of restaurant menusB.ideal sound effects on the theater stageC.different choices of music for businessesD.strict control over any suspici
19、ous customer(5).What does the passage focus on?A.How professionals invented sound products.B.Inventions in the field of sound technology.C.The growing interest in the study of sound.D.How sound engineers work in their studios.3. Sometimes its hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply t
20、o institutions and objects that represent their countrys past age-old castles, splendid homes . and red phone boxes. Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards(废品场), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted
21、in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair, shops or even defibrillator machines (除颤器). The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect of the Batterse
22、a Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards. About that time, Tony Inglis engineering and transport company got the job to remove pho
23、ne boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings. As Inglis and, later other busines
24、smen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose. In rural areas, where ambulances can take a r
25、elatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for 1 pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies. Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellph
26、ones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016. The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent. Inglis said phone b
27、oxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. I like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back. he said.(1).The phone boxes are making a comeback _.A.to form a beautiful sight of the cityB.to improve telecommunications servicesC.to remind people of a historical periodD.t
28、o meet the requirement of green economy(2).Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?A.They were not well-designed.B.They provided bad services.C.They had too short a history.D.They lost to new technologies.(3).The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of _.A.their ne
29、w appearance and lower pricesB.the push of the local organizationsC.their changed roles and functionsD.the big funding of the businessmen4.As we live longer and technology continues its rapid development, we can imagine a future where machines will enlarge our human abilities and help us make better
30、 life choices, from health to wealth. Through our dialogue and digital pieces, AI will understand our life goals and wishes, our duties and limitations. It will help us plan different life events, so we can spend more time enjoying lifes moments.The ability for artificial intelligence to understand
31、the complexities and slight differences of human conversation is, however, one hurdle. There are several thousand known living languages in the world today. Adding to the difficulties are the varied ways words are shared and used across different cultures, including grammar, levels of education and
32、styles of the speakers. Google Duplex, the technology supporting Google Assistant, which places phone calls using a natural-sounding human voice instead of a robotic one, is an early attempt to address such challenges in human communications. But these are just initial whispers in voice of AIs long
33、journey.Beyond making reservations and conducting simple dialogues, virtual assistants will need to become far more useful and further fit into the parts of our everyday lives. Not only will they need to foresee what we need before we ask, they also need to understand the context of our conversation
34、s and react accordingly. Imagine a snow day when school is canceled for the kids. Knowing that you must now stay at home with your children, your phone would remind you, asking if youd like your meetings moved to the following day. Alternatively, imagine how much more pleasant your journey home from
35、 a business trip would be if your phone could automatically arrange for a ride waiting to pick you up at the airport, based on your travel plan, location, and habits. The possibilities are endless.1.What do we know about AI?A.They narrow our abilities.B.They limit our better choice.C.They dont know
36、our limitations.D.They help us enjoy life better.2.What makes it hard for AI to understand what humans say?A.Low level of speakers.B.Imperfection of AI.C.Varieties of languages and cultures.D.Similarities between languages.3.Which word can best describe the authors attitude towards AI?A.Doubtful.B.A
37、pproving.C.Negative.D.Critical.4.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A.AI Will Replace HumansB.AI Will Set Goals for Us.C.AI Will Be Part of Our Daily Lives.D.AI Will Meet Challenges.5.For two centuries, the famous University of Cambridge debating society has hosted many prom
38、inent figures, from world leaders to scientists to comedians. On Nov 21, the Cambridge Union hosted its first-ever non-human guest. Designed by IBM, Project Debater is a machine that uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to form a spoken argument. It can even listen and answer to opposing statements, mu
39、ch like a real person.Speaking with a voice similar to Siri, Project Debater uses AI to search journals, newspapers and other information sources. It then filters out(过滤) useless information, picks the strongest arguments, and arranges them into a persuasive argument.“In the Cambridge test debate, i
40、t argued the topic: AI will ultimately do more harm than good. According to IBM, it is the first machine that can debate complicated topics with humans.Before the debate, more than 1,100 arguments for the positives and negatives of AI were submitted to the IBM website. The machine then analyzed thes
41、e sources and formed the basis of its arguments in minutes. Project Debater then showed off its AI by arguing for both sides of the debate.Over a four-minute speech, it argued first that, “AI can only make decisions that it has been programmed to solve, while humans can be programmed for all plots,
42、possible events.” In support of AI, it then argued that AI would create new jobs and “bring a lot more efficiency” to the workplace.This isnt the first test for Project Debater. In June 2018, the machine went back-and-forth for 20 minutes against champion debater Harish Natarajan. According to New S
43、cientist, on both occasions, Project Debater repeated points and didnt always sufficiently support them.Speaking to Cambridge Independent, Noam Slonim, the projects lead engineer, said, “The AI is not perfect, but its going in the right direction.” The team hopes to improve the AI by researching why
44、 humans find certain arguments more persuasive than others.1.In which way does Project Debater behave like a real person?A.It can listen and answer to opposing statements.B.It can speak with a voice similar to Siri.C.It can create various useful sources.D.It can deal with any situation.2.What were p
45、repared for the machine before the Cambridge test debate?A.Analyzed sources.B.Useless messages.C.Materials for arguments.D.Items about human debaters.3.We can infer from the text that _.A.AI did better than humans in argumentsB.the machine had rich ideas to support its pointsC.the machine beat Haris
46、h Natarajan in the first testD.AI needs more persuasive arguments in debates4.What is Noam Slonims attitude to the AI ?A.Supportive.B.Unconfident.C.Negative.D.Indifferent.6.Nine mini cheetahs robots appeared in the field to show their athletic abilities. The four-legged machines, mini versions of th
47、e larger and heavier Cheetah 3, began with a warm-up run across the field.Though they may be similar to their predecessors(原先的事物), the new four-legged machines are much more advanced. Weighing just nine kilograms, the robots can bend and swing their legs wide, giving them the ability to walk either
48、right-side-up or upside down. They can also travel through uneven places at about twice the speed of an average persons walking pace and quickly right themselves if kicked to the ground and perform unbelievable 360-degree backflips(后空翻) from a standing position.Unlike the Cheetah 3, the main robots
49、are built using cheap and easy to find parts. This means that if an arm or a motor breaks, it can be easily replaced. If you wanted to add another arm, you could just add three or four more of these motors,said lead developer Benjamin Katz, You could put these parts together, almost like Legos.”The
50、team, which currently has ten of the four-legged machines, plans to build additional units in other university robotic labs. A big part of why we built this robot is that it makes it easy to experiment and just try crazy things, because the robot is very strong and doesnt break easily, and if it doe
51、s break, its easy and not very expensive to fix,said Katz.He believes that this will enable other engineers to teach the robots different skills. Eventually, Im hoping that we could have a robotic dog race through an obstacle course, where each team controls a mini cheetah with different ways, and w
52、e can see which strategy is more effective. Thats how you accelerate research,” said Katz.The teams reason for developing the robots extends beyond entertainment. They hope that someday packs of “cheetahs” will assist first respondents with search and recovery missions following natural disasters li
53、ke earthquakes work alongside firefighters, and even respond to military emergencies.1.Which of the following best describes the mini robot?A.Delicate.B.Portable.C.Complex.D.Flexible.2.Why are cheap materials used for the mini robot?A.To test it out in other fields.B.To produce it on a large scale.C
54、.To make sure its easy to repair.D.To make people afford to buy it.3.Whats the main purpose of making the “cheetahs”?A.To replace firefighters.B.To entertain people in a way.C.To bring more convenience to people.D.To help people in dangerous situation.4.Where is the text most likely from?A.A diary.B
55、.A magazine.C.A novel.D.A guide book.7.Dutch officials toasted on Tuesday the opening of what is being called the worlds first 3D-printed concrete bridge, which is meant to be used by cyclists. There was applause as officials wearing hard hats and workmens jackets rode over the bridge on their bikes
56、 at the opening ceremony in the southeastern town of Gemert.“The bridge is not very big, but it was rolled out by a printer which makes it unique,” Theo Salet, from the Eindhoven University of Technology, told Dutch broadcaster NOS. Work on printing the bridge, which has some 800 layers, took about
57、three months after starting in June and it is made of pre-stressed concrete, according to the university. “One of the advantages of printing a bridge is that much less concrete is needed than in the conventional technique in which a mould (泥浆) is filled,” it said on its website, adding “a printer de
58、posits the concrete only where it is needed.”The eight-metre (26-foot) bridge crosses a water-filled channel to connect two roads, and it was tested for safety to bear loads of up to two metric tons in cooperation with the BAM Infra Construction company. Although designed for bikes, it could take up
59、 to 40 trucks, the designers said. “We are looking to the future,” said the head of BAM, Marinus Schimmel. “3D printing meant fewer rare resources were needed and there was significantly less waste,” he added.The Netherlands is among countries, with the United States and China, taking a lead in the
60、cutting-edge technology of 3D printing, using computers and robotics to construct objects and structures from scratch without using much traditional manpower. Last year a Dutch architect unveiled (揭示) a unique 3D printer with which he hopes to construct an “endless loop” building. And a Dutch start-
61、up called MX3D has begun printing a stainless-steel bridge, of which a third is already completed. The aim is to finish printing by March and lay the bridge over an Amsterdam canal in the future.1.According to the text, what makes the bridge unique?A.It adopts 3D printing.B.It opens only to cyclists
62、.C.It is made of new material.D.It uses much less concrete.2.According to Marinus Schimmel, the bridge _.A.fails to bear heavy loads more safelyB.needs no concrete and mouldC.is designed for bikes and trucksD.is cost-efficient and eco-friendly3.According to the last paragraph, which of the following
63、 statement is true?A.The 3D-printed bridges are all designed for bikes.B.3D-printed construction saves much human labor.C.United States and China develop slowly in 3D printing.D.The stainless-steel bridge by MX3D has been put into use.4.What is the best title for the text?A.The Value of the 3D Print
64、ing TechnologyB.The Netherlands Leads the Way in 3D PrintingC.Worlds First 3D-printed Bridge Opens to CyclistsD.3D Printing is Widely Used in Building Bridges答案以及解析1.答案：(1)-(3)CDA解析：(1).考查代词指代。根据文章第一段中的The traffic signals. By 9:33 am, a burst of. Less traffic at 9:37 am. changes可以推知, that指代第一段中的多变的交
65、通信号灯时间, 故选C项。(2).考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的others are so jammed that only. Its not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities可知,Kevin Balke认为可调节式的交通信号灯对小城市的交通改善是有用的,但对交通极度拥堵的城市而言,作用并不是非常大,故选D项。(3).考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中的the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the
66、 value of welcoming new approaches可推知,从Bellevue装可调节式交通信号灯一事上不难发现,它的成功在于积极尝试新事物,故选A项。2.答案：(1)-(5)ADDCB解析：(1).考查细节理解。根据第二段中的It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person可知,远程定向声波发射器会发出一种震耳欲聋的声音,这种声音让人非常痛苦,会使人暂时残疾。由此可知,这种暂时残疾就是暂时性失聪,所以选择A项。(2).考查细节理解。根据第三段中的Well, it fun
67、ctions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. and your peace and quiet comes back可知,Silence Machine能避免不必要的声音影响你,所以选择D项。(3).考查细节理解。根据第四段中的A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a spotsound creates a circle of sound in one targe
68、ted area可知,spotsound和spotlight的共同点是它们可以被引导到一个特定的区域,所以选择D项。(4).考查细节理解。根据第四段中的This can be useful for businesses. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining可知,Directed sound可以用于公司为
69、顾客提供不同的音乐,所以选择C项。(5).考查主旨大意。作者在第一段中抛出话题声音技术,并在第二、三、四段中介绍了声音技术领域的三个产品。由此可知,文章主要关注的是声音技术领域的发明,所以选择B项。 3.答案：CDC解析：(1).考查推理判断。根据第二段中的the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback和最后一段中的Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last可以推断,公共电话
70、亭回归的原因是它们可以使人们想起某一历史时期,故C项正确。(2).考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句中的the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s,with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards可知,公共电话亭在上个世纪八十年代退出历史舞台的原因是移动电话的兴起,故D项正确。(3).考查推理判断。根据第五段中的later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began
71、 reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them、第六段中的the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role以及第七段中的opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016可以推断,公共电话亭受到大家欢迎的主要原因在于其改变了的作用和功能,故C项正确。 4.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“It will help us plan different li
72、fe events,sowe can spend more time enjoying lifesmoments.”可知,人工智能帮我们计划生活中的诸多事情,从而让我们有更多的时间来更好地享受生活。故选D。2.推理判断题。根据第二段前三句可知,世界上现存几千种语言,不同的文化,词汇的分享和使用的方式也不尽相同,包括语法、说话人的受教育程度和风格,这使得人工智能在理解语言的复杂性出现了困难。所以文化和语言的多样性是主要原因。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据全文可知,作者一直在强调人工智能的优点,尤其最后一句“The possibilities are endless.”可知,作者是支持人工智能的。故
73、选B。4.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了未来人工智能会给我们生活带来很多便利,成为我们日常生活的一部分。故选C。5.答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中It can even listen and answer to opposing statements, much like a real person.可知它甚至可以倾听和回答相反的陈述,很像一个真人。由此可知,Project Debater可以倾听和回答相反的陈述,因此表现得像一个真实的人。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第五段中Before the debate, more than 1,100 argu
74、ments for the positives and negatives of AI were submitted to the IBM website.可知在这场辩论之前,超过1100个关于人工智能利弊的论点被提交到IBM的网站上。由此可知,在剑桥测试辩论之前,人们为这台机器准备了辩论材料。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据最后一句The team hopes to improve the AI by researching why humans find certain arguments more persuasive than others.可知研究小组希望通过研究为什么人类发现某些论据比
75、其他论据更有说服力,来提高人工智能。由此可推知,人工智能在辩论中需要更有说服力的论据。故选D。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Speaking to Cambridge Independent, Noam Slonim, the projects lead engineer, said, “The AI is not perfect, but its going in the right direction.”可知该项目的首席工程师Noam Slonim在接受剑桥独立报采访时表示:“人工智能并不完美,但它正朝着正确的方向前进。”由此可推知,Noam Slonim对于人工智能的态度是支持的。故选A
76、。6.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B解析：1.根据文章第二段对迷你机器人的动作描述可以得知他们的灵活性特点2.根据文章第三段“using cheap and easy to find parts”和“it can be easily replaced”等可以得知原因3.根据文章最后一段“extends beyond entertainment”和“assist first respondents with search and recovery missions following natural disasters like earthquakes, work alongside
77、 firefighters, even respond to military emergencies”可知答案4.本文描述的是一种新型迷你机器人的制造和研究及其用途介绍,极有可能出现在一本杂志上 7.答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.B; 4.C解析：1.推理判断题.根据第二段第一句The bridge is not very big, but it was rolled out by a printer which makes it unique,这座桥不是很大,但它是由打印机打印出来的,这使得它独一无二.可知,它采用了3D打印,使桥梁独一无二.故选A.2.推理判断题.根据第三段中3D pri
78、nting meant fewer rare resources were needed and there was significantly less waste,可知,根据Marinus Schimmel的说法,这座桥既经济又环保.故选D.3.推理判断题.根据第最后一段中using computers and robotics to construct objects and structures from scratch without using much traditional manpower.使用计算机和机器人从零开始建造物体和结构,而不需要很多传统的人力.可知,3D打印的建筑节省了很多人力.故选B.4.主旨大意题.根据第一段第一句Dutch officials toasted on Tuesday the opening of what is being called the worlds first 3D-printed concrete bridge, which is meant to be used by cyclists.周二,荷兰官员为世界上第一座3d打印混凝土桥梁的落成祝酒,桥是供骑自行车的人使用的.可知,世界上第一座3D打印桥梁向骑自行车的人开放.故选C.
