1、专题一冠词和名词一、冠词一、概念冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有两种，一种是定冠词the，另一种是不定冠词a和an。二、用法1不定冠词的用法不定冠词a 和an与数词one 同源，是“一个”的意思。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，而an则用于以元音音素开头的单词前，均表示泛指。(1)表示“一个”，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。 A Mr Ling is waiting for you. (2)代表一类人或物。 As a middle school student, I must put all my heart in
2、to my studies.Tom wants to buy an EnglishChinese dictionary for his sisters birthday.(3)词组或短语。 a little / a few / as a rule / in a hurry 2定冠词的用法 定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那(这)个”的意思，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 (1)特指双方都明白的人或物。Children in immersion programs hear only the new language in the classroom.(2)
3、上文提到过的人或事。The association says about nine percent of college students in the United States study foreign languages.(3)指世上独一物二的事物。the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth (4)单数名词连用表示一类事物，如： the dollar“美元”； the fox“狐狸”。与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人。the rich“富人”； the living“生者；活着的人”。 (5)用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面。
4、Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。名词一、概念名词：名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象或抽象概念等名称的词。专有名词： 表示具体的人、事物、地点、机构、国家或地区的名词。普通名词：表示某些人、某类事物、某种物质的名称或指某种抽象概念。可数名词：可数名词所表示的人或事物是可以数来计算的，有单、复数形式。不可数名词：不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数字来计算，没有词形的变化，这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。二、用法名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语等成分。Computers now play an impo
5、rtant part in our everyday life.(主语)Tom bought an EnglishChinese dictionary last Sunday.(宾语)Who is the girl performing the dance on the stage？(表语)Mr Wang, our_headteacher,_will give us a talk this afternoon.(同位语)They decided to meet at the school gate and start off by bus.(定语)一、冠词高考试题中对冠词的考查常常集中在以下几
6、个方面：1姓氏与冠词在姓氏的前面加上不定冠词a(n)可以表示“某一个”，在姓氏的复数前面加上定冠词the可以表示“一家人、夫妻两人、兄妹多人”等。A Mr Brown is waiting for you at the school gate.The Smiths were watching TV when I came to their house.2零冠词(即不加冠词)的用法名词前一般需要加冠词，但是在下列情况下不用冠词：(1)在国名、人名及表示季节、月份、和星期的名词前；Having separated from the other continents for millions of
7、years, Australia has some unique animals.People in the country go swimming in summer and go skating in winter.(2)在抽象名词和物质名词前；Failure is the mother of success.As is known to all, we cant live without water.(3)当表示官衔、职位的名词在句中作宾语、表语和补语时；Obama was elected President of the United States in October 2008.(4
8、)在表示三餐和球类运动的名词前；What shall we have for supper?My little sister is fond of playing football.3不定冠词的位置不定冠词一般位于名词或其修饰语之前，当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。This is so difficult a problem that I cant work it out myself.Little Mary is as good a dancer as her elder sister.4不定冠词在短语
9、中的应用英语中一些有“动词名词”构成的短语，有的名词前有不定冠词，有的没有冠词，这一类的短语应该牢记。make room留空； take place发生catch sight of看见； make sense有意义take hold of抓住；keep order维持秩序have a gift for有天赋；make a present for给做礼物take a look at看一看； make a difference有差别do sb a favor给某人恩惠； have a cold感冒5词组中有无the意思的差别在有些词组中有没有the，词组的含义不同。out of question毫
10、无疑问； out of the question毫无可能in charge of负责； in the charge of被负责in store储备； in the store在商店on watch值班； on the watch留意at church做礼拜； at the church在教堂二、名词分析近几年的高考试题我们可以看出高考在单项填空中对名词的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：1抽象名词的具体化英语中的抽象名词属不可数名词的范畴，没有复数形式，也不能和不定冠词连用。但当一些抽象名词表示具体概念时，既有复数形式，也可加不定冠词。常见的这类词有：success成功；成功的事或人failure失
11、败；失败的人或事knowledge知识；一门知识difficulty困难；难题 necessity必要性；必需品beauty美；美人；美丽的东西danger；危险危险的事情pleasure快乐；快乐的事Though he was seriously injured, the doctor said he was out of danger.(抽象)The man looked round carefully for hiddendangers.(具体)The teacher looked at what was happening in great surprise.(抽象)His comin
12、g back at midnight was a great surprise to the family.(具体)2单复数含义不同的名词英语中有些物质名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义。常见的这类词有：paper纸papers论文 water水waters水域custom习惯customs海关 manner方式manners礼貌look看looks外貌； time时间times时代wood木材woods树林 sand沙子sands沙滩As is known to all, bamboo can be made into paper.We are supposed to hand in our
13、 papers at the end of this term.3作定语的名词名词作定语时，通常表示中心词的用途、材料、时间、地点等。silver coins银元 peace talks和谈stone houses石头房子 heart trouble心脏病book shop书店 history teacher历史教师evening school夜校 flower show花展注意：名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 用复数作定语。sports meeting 运动会students readingroom 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages
14、department 外语系man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。a man workermen workersa woman teacherwomen teachers4名词的双重所有格“of n. s”为双重所有格结构，它和of所有格所表示的意义差别不大，但有时各有侧重。双重所有格表示部分概念，of所有格表示所属关系。试比较：This is a picture of his brothers. 这是他弟弟的一张照片。(强调众多照片中的一张)This is a picture of his brother. 这是他弟弟的照片。(强调照片上是
15、他本人)一般说来，当名词前有a(n), any, some, several, few, another及two, three等数字时，通常使用双重所有格。5短语中的名词名词可以和动词、介词构成大量的固定短语，在这些短语中有的名词用单数，有的用复数，有的加冠词，有的不加冠词，对这部分内容同学们要特别留意。catch sight of看见 take turns轮流make an apology to向道歉 pay attention to注意make friends with交朋友 make an effort努力Can you spare me a few minutes? I want to
16、 have a word with you?The students in our class took turns to look after the old man.6词义辨析英语中有些名词的意思相同或相近，但在使用上有所差别，高考试题常常出现这类题目。sight, view, scene, scenery 都与“风景、景色”有关。reward, award, prize 都与“奖励、奖品”有关。reason, cause, excuse, explanation 都与“原因、解释”有关。高考真题探究（20062011年）冠词【2011全国卷,33】It is generally acce
17、pted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填【答案】A【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为“人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会做一个男子汉，能挺身而出，勇于战斗。”a boy和 a man都是泛指，表示一类人。单数可数名词泛指应在名词前加不定冠词a。因此选A。【2011全国卷II,16】As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a【答案】D【
18、考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。【解析】句意为“当Jack走到前门时，看到了一个奇怪的景象。”the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门，a strange sight是泛指，相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。因此选D。【2011山东卷,21】Take your timeits just_short distance from here to_restaurant.A.不填；theB. a; theC. the; aD.不填；a【答案】B【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。【解析】句意为“别急从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。”a short distanc
19、e短距离，是固定搭配的短语；the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆，故用the特指。选B。【2011浙江卷,2】Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picsso. A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a【答案】D【考点】考查冠词在语境中的用法。【解析】句意为“专家认为，最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。”the painting特指最近发现的油画；a Picsso意为a Picssos painting，指毕加索的一件作品，有one的含义。因此选D。【2011四川卷,
20、18】Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A. 不填；A B.不填；The C.the; The D.a; A【答案】A【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为“校长Peter Spence告诉我们说，我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。”headmaster校长，职务前面不加冠词；a fifth表示五分之一。因此选A。【2011重庆卷,26】In communication, a smile
21、 is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _ open attitude.A. the, / B. a, an C. a, / D. the, an【答案】C【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为“在相互交流中，微笑通常是一种友好和开放的态度的明显特征。”a 用在可数名词sign前，泛指一类事物；friendly and open 是并列，修饰attitude。因此选C。【2011陕西卷,13】As is known to all, Peoples Republic of China is biggest developing country in
22、 the world. A.the ;不填 B. 不填 ；the C. the ；the D. 不填；不填【答案】C【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为“众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。”第一个定冠词the用在表示国家的名词前；第二个定冠词the用在有形容词最高级修饰的名词前。因此选C。【2011江西卷22】Its said John will be in a job paying over 60,000 _ year. Right, he will also get paid by _ week.A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D.a; a
23、【答案】B【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。【解析】前一句句意为：据说John将会有一份年工资超过60000美金的工作，表时间单位每年，冠词用a，后一句说没错，他也将会以每周的方式得到薪水。by后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词the。因此选B。10福建Its good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.A. 不填, a B. a, 不填 C. the, a D. a, the答案B考点冠词的使用解析good feeling并非特指, 故用a；pleasure是抽象名词, 无需
24、冠词。句意为 “人们喜欢上海世博会给它们的快乐, 这是（一）种不错的感觉” a good feeling , 一种不错的感觉, give sb pleasure。10山东If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view. A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the答案C考点本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。解析句意应为 “如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部, 就会有更好的视野”表示 “某空间内部的前部”时, front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配, 表示 “视野开阔
25、, 视野良好”之意；所以C项符合语境。10江苏The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.A.不填； a B. 不填；the C. the； a D. the； the答案A.考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一空,来自社会各阶层的人. 是不特指,不用冠词. 第二空, 在Jiangsu 前有形容词new 因此,应加冠词a.表示一个全新的江苏10辽宁There are over 58, 000 rocky
26、objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the答案B考点考查冠词。解析第一空in space 是固定短语, 不用冠词, 第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词, 其前必须用定冠词。句意：太空中有超过58,000的岩状物体, 其中大约900有可能掉到地球上。10北京First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chan
27、ce to make _ first impression.A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a答案A考点冠词解析很多同学错在第二个空to make a first impression上了。在做题的时候不够细心, 因为此题的句意是：第一印象是最持久的。总之, 你永远不可能有第二个机会去再给别人留一次第一印象。本题强调的重点是第二个机会a second chance;第二次留一个第一印象, make a first impression. first为干扰因素。若句意改变为：你没有机会去改变你的第一印象You never get a second ch
28、ance to change the first impression。此处再填the就合情合理了。10重庆Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.A. a, aB. the, /C. the, aD. a, /答案D考点考查冠词。解析price意思是 “代价”, 为可数名词, 第二空前边有no,后面的名词不用冠词, 故选 D项。10浙江Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually
29、 speed up weakening of the human body.A. a; / B. /; the C. a; theD. /; /答案B考点本题考查冠词。解析句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害, 他们加速了人类身体的衰退。本题考查冠词, 对有害用短语 “do harm to”表示, 中间无需冠词；之后的weakening是由动词的ing形式表示抽象的名词, 表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。10四川In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life. A. the; a B. the;
30、 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a答案D考点考查冠词。解析most countries此处表泛指, most前不加定冠词the.第二个空处应为 “一个高起点的开始”, 故用a ,正确答案为D。09安徽We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. 2A. a; a B. a; the 21世纪教育 网C. the; a D. the; the 21世纪教答案A考点考查冠词的用法。解析因为sky和world原本是独一无二的, 但这里前面都有了形容词修饰, 表示会出现一个什么样的sky和world, 这里
31、就属于泛指了。09北京The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. 21世纪教育网A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a 21世纪教育网答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一空用the+n表示类别, 是指blue whale这一类动物；第二空用a表示泛指。09江西Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _
32、 weather around the world. 21世纪教育网A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a 21世纪教育网答案A考点考查冠词用法。解析Air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指, weather 这里是特指全球的气候, 根据the weather around the world 可知。09海南Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for whileA. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a答案B考点考查冠词的用法解析g
33、o to the cinema 表示具体的某地, for a while 固定搭配, 表示 “一会儿”。09陕西What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive _ prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the答案C考点考查冠词。解析第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型what a pity that, 用不定冠词a；第二空后名词表示表特指, 用定冠词the, 选C。09四川In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second forei
34、gn language. 21世纪教育网A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 21世纪教育网答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作, 他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序数词+名词表示又一, 再一。 21世纪教育网09浙江I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; the答案D考点考查冠词的用法。解析前空构
35、成短语get a+adj+idea of sth, 泛指一种大体的想法, 后空指双方都知道的那个project计划。09重庆Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.A. a; the B. /; a 21世纪教育网 C. /; the D. the; a 21世答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析句意为 “中国造的洗衣机已经赢得世界关注, 海尔已成为一个受欢迎的名字。”09全国IIWhat I need is book that contains ABC
36、 of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the 21世纪教育网答案D考点考查冠词的用法。解析句意 “我所需要的是一本包含油画基础知识的书”。第一空表泛指, 第二空表特指。08湖南Have you heard _ news？The piece of _ petrol is going up again!A. the, the B. 不填, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, 不填答案C考点考查冠词的用法。解析句意为：你听说这消息了吗？油价又上涨了！第一空特指下文的消息, 应用定冠词the；第二空后的petrol为泛指,
37、 且是不可数名词, 故不用冠词。08江苏We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; theB.不填；theC. the; 不填D. 不填；不填答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析by sea经海路, by the sea在海边；表示大陆、大洋等的名词前通常加定冠词the。08山东Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A. 不填；a B. 不填; theC. the; the
38、D. the; a答案D考点考查冠词的用法。解析the Internet因特网, 为固定搭配；as a resource “作为一种资源”, 此处用a表示泛指。08江西- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析句意为：开会来晚了我非常抱歉。这不是你
39、的错, 这正是上下班的高峰期而且又下了大雨, 难怪你来晚了。第一个空特指高峰时间拥挤的交通；第二个空特指双方所指的大雨。08辽宁My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy. A. a; 不填B. the; theC. 不填；theD. a; the答案D考点考查冠词的用法。解析句意为：我的邻居叫我去散步, 但我认为我没有（那样的）力气。第一个空go for a walk为固定短语；第二个空特指散步用的力气。08全国IIIts not _ good idea to drive for four
40、hours without _ break.A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the答案考点本题考查冠词。解析句意为：开车四个小时而不休息不是一个好主意。第一空 “一个好主意”是泛指；without a break是习惯用法, break也是泛指。08陕西I ate _ sandwich while I was waiting for _ 20:08 train.A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a答案A考点考查冠词的用法。解析sandwich是可数名词, 且在句中首次出现, 表示泛指, 其前须加不定冠词；
41、而 “二十点零八分的火车”是特指的惟一的概念, 故其前须加定冠词the。08四川In the United States, there is always _ flow of people to areas of _ country where more jobs can be found. A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a答案A考点考查冠词的用法。解析句意为：在美国, 总有人不断地涌入乡村地区, 在那里可以找到更多的工作。a flow of表示 “大量涌入（某地）”；the country/countryside表示 “乡村”, 与定冠词the
42、连用。08浙江_ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填答案A考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一个空指一个苹果, 是泛指；第二个空考查hit sb. in/on the+部位, 表示 “击打某人的某个部位”。08重庆In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the;the答案C考点考查冠
43、词的用法。解析the+名词表一类, 后面用a修饰, 指一种的方式。07 全国IICould you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; theB. the; a C. /; the D. the; /答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一空：姓氏复数前加the表示一家人, 第二句中a Johnson指 “一个叫Johnson的人”。07 山东_ walk is expected to last all day, so bring- packe
44、d lunch. A. A;a B. The; 不填 C. The ; a D. A ; 不填 答案C考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一空指双方都知道的事；第二空表泛指。07 福建How about Christmas evening party? I should say it was success.A.a; a B.The; aC.a;不填D.the; 不填答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一空指双方都知道圣诞晚会；第二空表泛指。07 北京I looked under _bed and found _bokkd I lost last week. A.the; a B. the: the C.
45、不填；the D. the:;不填答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析两空都表示特指。07 湖南Polar bears live mostly on_sea ice, which they use as _platform for hunting seals. A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; 不填答案C 考点考查冠词的用法。解析sea ice是物质名词, 是不可数名词, 因此不用冠词；第二空表泛指。07 江苏We have every reason to believe that_ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be_ succ
46、ess. A. / aB. the / C. the a D. a a答案C考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一空表特指；第二空表泛指, success在指某一事物或人时, 为可数名词。07江西Many people have come to realize that they ahould go on _balanced diet and make _ room in their day for exercise. A.a;/ B.the; a C.the;the D./;a答案A考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一空表泛指；第二空room意为 “空间”, 表抽象概念, 是不可数名词。07陕西In film
47、 Cast Away.Tom Hanks plays man named Chuck Noland.A.a; the B.the; a C.the; the D.a; a答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一空表特指；第二空表泛指。07 四川How about taking _ short break? I want to make _ call. A. the；a B. a；the C. the；the D. a；a答案D考点考查冠词的用法。解析take a break是固定词组；第二空表泛指。07 天津I wanted to catch _early train, but couldnt ge
48、t _ ride to the station. A. an, the B. /, the C. an, / D. the, a答案D考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一空表特指；第二空表泛指。07 浙江I like _ color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the答案C考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一空特指 “你衣服的颜色”；第二空表泛指。07 重庆Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson,
49、but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church.A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a答案C考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一空泛指 “是在一个星期天”；at church是固定词组。07 辽宁Chrismas is _ special holiday when _ whole family are supposed to get together.A. the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a, the答案D考点考查冠词的用法。解析第一空表泛指；第二空表特指。0
50、6 全国- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? - Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析这人的姓名前加不定冠词表示某一个 “叫的人”。因为叫同一人的名字的现象非常普遍, 所以用不定冠词表示某一个叫什么名字的人。06 全国I know you dont like music very much. But what do you think ofmusic in the film we saw yesterday? A. 不填；
51、不填 B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;the答案D考点考查冠词的用法。解析music意为 “音乐”, 前不用冠词。第二个music指电影中的音乐, 表示特指, 要用定冠词the。06 北京I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer. A. the;不填 B. the;a C. a;不填 D. a;a答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析keyboard表示特指, 特指双方心目中的那个键盘, 所以要用定冠词the。comp
52、uter表示泛指, 所以要用不定冠词a。06 辽宁Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was most important one.A.the;a B.不填；a C.不填;the D.the;the答案D考点考查冠词的用法。解析of意为 “其中的”, 后接复数名词时, 名词前要用定冠词the, 特指在有限的范围内 “其中的”某一个某一些。most important是形容词的最高级, 前要用定冠词the。06 湖南In_ review of 44 studies,
53、American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of_ heart disease by 76%.A. a; the B. the;a C. a ;不填D.不填;a答案C考点考查冠词的用法。解析review是可数名词, 表示泛指要用不定冠词a。heart disease表示泛指不用冠词。(06 山东For him _ stage is just _ means of making a living.A. a; a B.the; a C. the ; the D. a;
54、the答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析a, an是不定冠词, 用在一个非特指的名词或名词短语前, 表示单数及不确定的人或物：the是定冠词, 用于指特定的、著称的、重要的人或事物。本句the stage表示双方均知道的特定事物, a means表示一种方法。06 重庆Everywhere man has cut down_forests in order to grow crops, or to use_wood as fuel or as building material.A.the;the B.the;/ C./；the D./；/答案C考点考查冠词的用法。解析forests表示泛指, 前
55、面不用冠词。wood表示特指用于燃料或建筑材料的木材, 所以要用定冠词the。06 陕西According to_World Health Organization,health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent_spread of AIDS. A.the;不填 B.the;the C.a;a D.不填;the答案B考点考查冠词的用法。解析the World Health Organization意为 “世界卫生组织”, 要用定冠词the。根据spread的定语of AIDS可判断出spread特指艾滋病的传播, 要用定冠词t
56、he。名词【2011江苏卷,27】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.AconsequenceBindependenceCcompetenceDintelligence【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为 “教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。”consequence后果，结果；independence独立；competence能力，胜任，称职；intelligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。【2011福建卷
57、,26】The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。cause与global climate change存在着因果关系，故选B。【2011浙江卷,18】Anyway, I c
58、ant cheat himits against all my _.A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle原则，准则；regulation规定，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。【2011四川卷,13】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens . A.touch B.sight C.reach
59、D.distance【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系，不接触；out of sight看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach手够不着, 达不到；out of distance远离=far away。根据前面的交代的危险品，选C。【2011湖北卷,21】“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with_ clearly in her voice.A . anger B. rudeness
60、C. regret D. panic【答案】D【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。”anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。【2011湖北卷,22】Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big_, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A. project B. commitment C. competition D. am
61、bition【答案】B【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。”project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；commitment 承诺，许诺，保证；competition比赛，竞争；ambition抱负，雄心，野心。commitment与后面的decision相呼应，故选B。【2011湖北卷,30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _
62、 younger men.A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of【答案】C【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。”in terms of就而论；in need of需要；in favor of赞成；in praise of表扬，赞扬。【2011江西卷31】Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?A.sympat
63、hy B.theme C.object D.point【答案】D【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。【2011山东卷,34】Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship【答案】A【考点】考查名词的辨义。
64、【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 与they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。【2011江苏卷,32】Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan.Ain detail Bin general Con purpose Don time【答案】A【考点】考查名词的辨义。【解析】句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定计划。”in
65、detail详细地；in general一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose故意地；on time准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划，选A。10安徽I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析hearing意为 “听力”；strength意为 “力气；力量”； recognition意为 “认出；识别；认识”； measure意为 “测量；措施”。句意为 “她变得
66、认不出来了。”10江西Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.A average B number C amount D quantity答案A考点考查名词。解析a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。10山东Those who suffer from headache will find
67、they get _ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter答案A考点本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。解析句意应为 “那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示 “缓解, 减轻, 解除”。 safety表示 “安全, 保险”；defense 表示 “防御, 防护”； shelter表示 “掩蔽, 保护”。10天津James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.A. room
68、B. area C. field D. position答案A考点考查名词意义和用法。解析句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配, 意思是 “为让空”的意思, 其中的room是不可数名词。10江苏The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civiliza
69、tion答案B考点名词辨析。解析reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。10湖北This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle答案B考点本题考查名词/名词短语。解析此题不仅考查学生对于四个选项的认知, 更重要的是要理解句子的含义。 “这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各
70、种类型人群。” “a range of “强调一个系列, 而 “a wide range of”意为 “各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句子属于典型的 “从句套从句”。 “for”引导原因状语从句, “that”引导定语从句。 After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture.答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析
71、512的汶川地震, 414玉树地震。天灾 “earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示 “住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一。这道题难度不大, 句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词, 知道 “occupation”表示 “占用”或者“工作, 职业”；“furniture”表示 “家具”；“equipment”表示 “设备, 器材”就能选出正确答案D了。10浙江The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they dont give you any direct
72、 _.A. solution B. target C. measure D. function答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析分析四个选项：solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题, 但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。09安徽China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge答
73、案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析09福建The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009. A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁, 延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑, 体谅；关心。题干意思是：当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时, 世界卫
74、生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。09湖北Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character答案D.考点本题考查名词辨析。解析根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性, 不会增强尊敬或名声, 友谊可以增强, 但与前面health不搭配, 故答案为character。09湖北In our class, when the bell rang and the teache
75、r closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up. A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本, 这是下课的暗示, 选项中只能选择signal。chance “机会”, mark “分数, 痕迹”, measure “方法, 措施”。09江西The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car. A. gi
76、rls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms K5u答案C考点本题考查名词所有格。解析名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易09海南Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.A. draw B. strikeC. rush D. push答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们太难了。push 推, 挤, 逼迫；strike v. 打,罢工,划燃rush v
77、. 冲进,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意, 应选D。09山东-He says that my new car is a _ of money. -Dont you think those words are just sour grapes? A. lack B. load C. question D. waste答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析考查单词的区别：lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意, 尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。09陕西Form their _ on the top of
78、the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析名词词义辨析；stage：舞台, 时期, 阶段；position：位置；condition：条件, 情况；situation：形式, 情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置, 游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。09天津Im trying to break the _ of getting up t
79、oo late .A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。句意为, 我一直试图改变起床晚的习惯。tradition传统, 常规；convenience方便；leisure休闲时间, 闲暇。解析09浙江The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. accessB. passageC. wayD. approach答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意：新
80、设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的电子资源。这里give.access to.是固定词组, 表示 “能得到, 能进入”, 所以选A08安徽To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our _” A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析由语境可知, 此处指人类的语言, 而语言是人类说的, 因此用voices, 而不用其他选项。08福建Wha
81、ts the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题所设的语境是：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？A项sense “感觉, 思考, 意义”；B项matter “事件, 问题, 原因”；C项case “事, 案例, 容器”；D项opinion “意见, 看法, 主张”。Whats the sense
82、of？“有什么意义” 四个选项中只能A项符合语境。08江苏I cant repair these until tomorrow, Im afraid.Thats OK, theres _.A. no problem B. no wonderC. no doubtD. no hurry答案D考点本题考查名词词组。解析根据第一句的意思可知 “说话者担心来不及修好”, 所以对方劝慰他不用急。no problem意思是 “没问题”, 通常单独使用或用Thats no problem；(Its) no wonder意思是 “难怪”；There is no doubt意思是 “毫无疑问”。08江苏Why
83、do you suggest we buy a new machine?Because the old one has been damaged _.A. beyond reachB. beyond repairC. beyond controlD. beyond description答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析根据前一句的提示可知, 只有在坏得无法修理的情况下才建议去买新的机器。故用beyond repair, 意为 “；beyond the reach of意为 “鞭长莫及”；beyond control意为 “失控”；beyond description意为 “难以言表”。08山东
84、I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real _.A. exchangeB. bargainC. tradeD. business答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析bargain用作名词时, 意为 “廉价货, 便宜货”, a real bargain意为 “真便宜”。08江西-Shall we go out for a walk?- Sorry. This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. moment B. situation C.
85、place D. chance答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：我们出去散散步好吗？对不起, 这不是邀请我的合适的时间, 我太累了而不想去散步。A项 “某一时刻, 片刻”；B项 “情形, 状况”；C项 “地方”；D项 “机会”。08浙江Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A. sense B. view C. means D. idea答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析a sense of smell嗅觉。句意为：狗嗅觉灵敏, 经常被用来搜寻
86、地震中的幸存者。08湖北The young man made a _ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A.prediction B.promise C.plan D.contribution答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make a promise许诺, 答应, 其后的that从句为同位语从句, 补充说明先行词promise的内容, 其他选项不合句意。08湖北The top leaders of the two cou
87、ntries are holding talks in a friendly_ A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：这两个国家的最高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere气氛, 氛围；state状态；situation形势, 局面；phenomenon现象。08天津Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _ like coal, gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. prod
88、ucts答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析coal, gas and oil均为 “燃料(fuels)”。07湖北Despite such a big difference in _ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight 答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析point点;意义;idea主意, 念头;attitude态度, 看法;sight视力。
89、句意为:尽管对一个人的饮食的态度有着很大的不同, 但是毫无疑问西方人把中国的饮食看作是某种特殊的东西。07上海My morning _ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast. A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine 答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析drill操练;action行为;regulation规则, 条例;routine惯例, 常规。由句意可知D项正确。07安徽The practice of hanging clothes across the
90、 street is a common _ in many parts of the city.A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析sight风景;look表情;sign迹象, 现象;appearance出现, 显露。07天津One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _.A. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为：一月1 000美元不是
91、一笔财富, 但是能帮助支付我的生活费用。A项为 “账单”；B项为 “花费；费用”；C项为 “价格”;D项为 “价格；索价”。07陕西He and his wife are of the same ;they both want their son to go to college.A.soul B.spirit C.heart D.mind答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题考查名词词义辨析。soul心灵, 灵魂;spirit精神;heart心, 心脏;mind想法, 主意;be of the same mind为固定短语, 意为 “对看法相同, 主意一样”, 符合句意。07福建You are
92、 always full of .Can you tell me the secret?Taking plenty of exercise every day.A.power B.strength C.force D.energy答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题考查名词词义辨析。power权力, 势力；strength力气, 优势;force力, 武力;energy精力;be full of energy指 “精力旺盛”, 符合题意。07浙江Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for
93、a wedding in some countries.A. way B. situation C. event D. choice答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析句意为:在某些国家, 一周的七天里星期六是举行婚礼最佳的日子。way方式, 方法;situation状况, 处境;event事情, 事件;choice挑选, 选择。根据题意, 应选D项。07山东I cant say which wine is best its a(n) _ of personal taste.A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety答案C考点此题考查固定搭配。a matter
94、of .是固定搭配。解析句意：我无法说哪种酒最好这是个人口味爱好的问题。a matter of意为 “关于的问题”, 如：a matter of principle原则问题；a matter of opinion仁者见仁, 智者见智；a matter of remembering words 记几个单词的问题。A项意为 “政治事务, 私人业务”；B项意为 “重要事情、大事”；D项意为 “不同种类”。07辽宁Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of exercise.A. limit B. la
95、ck C. need D. demand答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析a lack of缺乏。句意为：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。06全国It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C.time D.way答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析it is no use后接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语表示做某事没有用。it作形式主语, 接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语作真正的主语。help意为 “帮助”。time意为 “时间”。way意为 “方法”。
96、06天津Finding information in todays world is easy. The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析challenge意为 “挑战, 艰巨任务, 难题”, 由于我们现在正处于信息爆炸的时代, 在当今时代中找到信息是一件很容易的事, 但区分出这些信息是否有用的确是一个难题。ability意为 “能力”。competition意为
97、 “竞赛”。knowledge意为 “知识”。06上海When Jane began to take swimming lessons, her main _ was the fear of water. A. evidence B. crisis C. obstacle D. danger答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题考查名词obstacle(障碍)。学游泳的主要心理障碍是怕水, 这是-个常识。06辽宁School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous .A.states B.conditions C.situations
98、 D.positions答案C考点本题考查名词辨析。解析situation意为 “形势, 局面；情况”, 指各种具体情况综合起来的状态, 多指危急或重大的事态, 强调外部因素对该事态的影响。表示要教给学生如何处理危险情况。state意为 “状况, 情形, 情况, 形势”, 指人或物在外观、心理、健康、环境等方面的情形, 即人或物存在或所处的状态, 但不如condition具体。condition意为 “状态, 状况, 情形”, 用作单数形式, 表示人或物所处的真实具体状态, 尤指内在状态, 可与state替用, 用作复数形式, 笼统地表示一般的状态。position意为 “位置；方位；地点”。
99、06浙江If you like I can do some shopping for you. That s a very kind _. A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题可以用排除法。首先service是不可数名词, 应该排除。另外本题问句 “如果你愿意, 我可以帮你买东西”从意思上分析是一个建议, suggestion作为提议、建议时是不可数名词, 可以排除。另外point指观点, 不符合题意。所以选A, offer, 也是提议的意思。06福建Always read the_on the bottle
100、carefully and take the right amout of medieine.A.explanstions B.instructions C.descriptions D.introductions答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析nstruction意为 “说明, 须知”, 在正式场合, 指不可违背的命令, 在一般场合, 指知识性的指示或意见, 与direction相比, 语气较轻, 较委婉, 常用作复数形式。explanation意为 “解释, 注释；说明”, 指通过实例进行解释说明。description意为 “描写”, 指通过生动的语言描述某件事或某个情节。introdu
101、ction意为 “引导；传入, 介绍”, 指对某种新产品进行介绍。06湖北To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses. A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析strength意为 “力, 力量, 体力”, 常指人体或物体内存在的力, 如气力、耐力、抵抗力, 有时也可指进行某种活动的推动力。根据句意可判断出为了使体育队的成员在比赛中取得更好成绩, 教
102、练首先要了解队员的体力和薄弱的地方。benefit意为 “利益, 好处；利润”。technique意为 “技术”。value意为 “价值”。06湖北The _on his face told me that he was angry.A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression答案D考点本题考查名词辨析。解析expression意为 “表情”, 根据后面 “told me”可以推断前面 “告诉我们他很生气”的应该是他 “脸上的表情”。impression是印象, sight是视觉, appearance是外貌, 这三个逻辑上都不对。06湖
103、北At the meeting they discussed three different _to the study of mathematics.A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析way意为 “方式, 方法”, 可指具体的方法, 也可指抽象的方法, 多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法, 也可指个人特殊的方法、方式等。three different ways of study of mathematics表示 “三种不同的学习数学的方式”。approach原指接近某人或某物, 也可指对待或处理的方式或方法。mea
104、ns用于抽象意义, 可指为达到某目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等, 尤指整套的方法, 用于具体意义, 常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。method指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法, 强调条理性及高效率。06广东You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of .A. date B. shape C. order D. balance答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析out of shape是 “变型”的意思, 根据前面 “你坐在我的帽子上”可判断出帽子是 “变型”了。out of date意为 “过时
105、”, out of order意为 “混乱”, out of balance意为 “失衡”。06江西It is said that dogs will keep you for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A. safety B. company C. house D. friend答案B考点本题考查名词辨析。解析本题的意思 “据说在你孤独的时候狗会陪伴在你身边”, keep you company是 “如影随形”的意思。06陕西My sister was against my suggestion while my bro
106、ther was_it.A.in favour of B.in memory ofC.in honour of D.in search of答案A考点本题考查介词短语辨析。解析in favour of意为 “赞成”, 表示对建议等赞成。while表示转折, 意为 “而”, 表示我妹妹反对我的建议, 而我弟弟赞成我的建议。in honour of意为 “向表示敬意”。in memory of意为 “纪念”。in search of意为 “寻找, 寻求”。06上海春Put the _ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce the sound.A. tip B. top C. peak D. pole答案A考点本题考查名词辨析。解析tip “尖”（舌尖）, top顶端, peak最高峰, 顶峰, pole极。
