1、第2课时 考点突破 诵研练词 汇 研 析surround vt.围绕，环绕(1)surround sb/sth with用包围某人/物surround oneself with sb/sth喜欢结交某类人或某类物be surrounded by/with被环绕着，周围都是(2)surrounding adj.周围的；附近的surroundings n环境Once upon a time，a king who was very polite tosurrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by talltrees and with won
2、derful surroundings.从前，在一个大树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一个国王，他对邻邦十分友好。He loves to _ his family and friends.他喜欢与家人和朋友在一起。答案 be surrounded by【辨析】surroundings/conditions/environmentsurroundings作为“环境”讲时，常用复数形式，主要指周围的物质环境conditions主要是抽象意义上的环境、情况environment指大的自然环境，范围比surroundings大，有时也指人成长或工作的环境选词填空：surroundings/conditio
3、ns/environment那个男孩生活在一个美丽的环境中，但没有一个幸福的家庭环境，并且他的居住条件很差。The boy grew up in beautiful _ but not in a happyhome _，and he lived in bad housing _.答案 surroundings；environment；conditions adapt vt.&vi.(使)适应；改编，改造；改装(1)adapt(oneself)to适应adapt sth for sth改编为；使某事物适应或适合be adapted from由改编(2)adaptation n适应，改编(本)(浙
4、江卷)Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.因为我们的身体适应我们对它们所做的一切。The film _ his story.It mainly tells us his quick_ to the new environment，and in fact at first hethought he couldnt _ the changed environment.这部电影是根据他的故事改编的，它主要告诉我们的是他快速适应新环境的能力，事实上，他原认为他不能使自己适应变化了的环境。The good thing about ch
5、ildren is that they _(非常容易适应)new environments.答案 is adapted from；adaptation；adapt himself toadapt very easy toaccompany vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随；为伴奏(1)accompany sb on sth/in doing sth 陪伴某人(做)某事accompany sb to a place 陪伴某人去某地accompany sb at/on 用某种乐器为某人伴奏(2)be accompanied with(by)附带着(伴随着)accompanied by sb/sth由陪伴(伴
6、随)着，在句中常用作状语(3)company n公司；陪伴；同伴keep sb company 陪伴某人He accompanied the manager on a visit/in paying a visit tothe new branch company last month.上个月他陪着经理参观了那个新的分公司。Last night，my companies _ to see a filmand then they accompanied me to my home.昨天晚上，我的伙伴们陪我看了一场电影后陪我回了家。答案 kept me company雷声伴着闪电。(判断正误)Th
7、under accompanies with lightning.()Thunder accompanies lightning.()Lightning is accompanied with thunder.()答案 【点津】(1)accompany(陪伴，伴随)是及物动词，其后无需用介词。但是，用于被动语态的accompany后面可接介词with或by。(2)accompany在作动词“陪伴”讲时，经常用accompany sb to sp.，但不能用accompany sb to do sth这一结构。assist vt.帮助，协助(1)assist(sb)to do sth/in do
8、ing sth 帮助(某人)做某事assist sb with sth 帮助某人做某事(2)assistance n.帮助，援助ask for ones assistance 请求某人帮忙come/go to sbs assistance 来/去帮助某人have the assistance of sb 得到某人的帮助with the assistance of 在的帮助下(3)assistant n助理，助手；adj.助理的；副的The two men are assisting the police with their inquiries.那两个人正配合警方的询问。Local villa
9、gers assisted the doctors to look after the peopleinjured in the bus crash.Local villagers assisted the doctors _ thepeople injured in the bus crash.当地村民帮助医生照料在车祸中受伤的人们。Despite his cries，no one _.尽管他大声喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。答案 in looking after came to his assistanceinstant adj.方便的；立刻的；n.瞬间；片刻；某一时刻the instant.一
10、就(at)any instant 随时；在任何情况下for an instant 片刻，一瞬间The flood victims were in instant need of help.遭受水灾的难民急需救助。_ I saw him I knew he was the man thepolice were looking for.我一看到他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。I did not recognize him _.我一时没有认出他来。答案 The instant for an instant【点津】the instant用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”，表示“一就”的结构还有：
11、on/upon doing sth；the moment/minute；immediately；instantly；as soon as；no sooner.than；hardly.when等。apart from 远离，和不在一起；除了，除之外(还有)；即便不考虑也apart fromexcept/except for除了之外(都)apart frombesides/as well as/in addition to除之外(还有)(2014重庆卷D)Apart from an occasional noise from theelephants stomach，the forest was
12、silent.除了偶尔从大象的肚子发出的噪音，森林里静悄悄的。We had no trouble on the journey _ somemoney.除了丢了一些钱外，我们旅途中没有出岔子。_(除 了 优 质 服 务 外)，the restaurantoffers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.答案 apart from losing Apart from good service【拓展】(1)except和except for表示排除意义，即“除了别无”；besides表示补充意义，即“除了尚有”；而apart from既可以表示
13、排除意义，又可以表示补充意义。(2)except和except for的区别在于：except后接的词同整体词(主语)一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分；except for后接的词同整体词(主语)不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面。例如：All the buildings are excellent _ this one.除了这幢大楼，所有的大楼都很好。All the buildings are excellent _ their location.除了位置不佳，所有的大楼都很好。答案 except except forin good spirits 心情好的，兴高采烈地in
14、 low/bad spirits沮丧地，情绪低落out of spirits 没精打采keep ones spirits up 打起精神来，振作精神At 8：00 am，we gathered at the foot of Daqing Mountainand set out for the top in high spirits.八点钟，我们在大青山脚下集合，兴高采烈地向顶峰出发。Im _ at the thought of starting all overagain.想到一切都得从头再来，我感到沮丧。They need lots of laughs to _.他们需要一些开心的事来打起精
15、神。答案 in bad spirits keep their spirits upgo after 追赶，追求；谋求go against反对；违反go ahead 开始，继续；进行；干吧go by(时间)过去go in for 从事，爱好go over 检查，复习go through 检查，用完，经历go without 没有也行，没有而勉强应付Mary left the house in tears so her mother went after herimmediately.玛丽流着泪离开了家，所以她妈妈立即追了出去。Jason was determined not to _ hisfa
16、thers wishes.杰森决定不违背父亲的心愿。I probably shouldnt have any more cake.Oh，_.It wont kill you.Ago aheadBhold on，pleaseCyoure welcomeDgo over答案 go against A句 式 探 究by the time 与完成时态连用(教材原句)By the time she competed in the gymnasticstournament at the New York Goodwill Games，she hadbeen a junior gymnast for ele
17、ven years.到参加纽约友好运动会的体操锦标赛时，她已经是一名有着十一年经历的体操小将了。by通常引导一个时间状语从句，表示“到的时候为止”，主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已完成。当by表示此意时，主句通常用完成时态，具体的形式取决于by引导的时间状语或状语从句。(2014江苏卷完形填空)By the time Dale was a senior，he had won every top honor in speech.戴尔是一个高中生的时候，他赢得了在演讲方面的每一个最高荣誉。I hope that the rain _ by tomorrowmorning.我希望到明天上午雨就停了。
18、答案 will have stoppedby还可用来表示“当的时候”，如果只是说过去某个时候的状况，则用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。例如：_，death and famine were to be seeneverywhere.在战争结束的时候，到处可见死亡和饥荒。答案 By the time the war was overBy the time Jack returned home from England，his son_(graduate)from college.答案 had graduated 考查时态。句意：杰克从英国回国的时候，他的儿子已经从大学毕业了。by过去时间作时间状语，
19、主句要用过去完成时；by将来时间作状语，主句要用将来完成时will have done。省略了to的不定式短语作表语(教材原句)All I had to do was go to school and spend a fewhours studying when I came home.我要做的事情就是上学，回家后再学习几个小时。句中 and连 接 的 省略 to不定式短语“go to school”和“spend a few hours.”作表语。当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略不定式符号to。不定式作表语时省略to的常见情况：(1)all作主句主语，其后的定语从句
20、中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。All that he wanted to do was buy his daughter a beautifulskirt.他当时想做的只是给他的女儿买件漂亮的裙子。(2)what引导的从句作主语，从句须含有实义动词do的某种形式时。(3)(主句)主语为the only，the first，the last或形容词最高级等这些词修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时；Dont worry.What you need to do is _ andremember to drink water constantly.别担心，你需要做的就是好好睡上一觉，并记得常喝水。The first thing that I want to do is _.我想做的第一件事就是感谢我的父母。答案 have a good sleep thank my parents
