1、课堂导学文本感知.Passage A1.The first sentence “It is hard to think of a world without metals.” will make us think _.A.metals make up the worldB.metals play a greatly important role in the worldC.there would be no world if there were no metalsD.it is difficult for us to live in the world of metals答案：B2.The
2、table in the passage is arranged in order of _.A.metal kindsB.reaction activityC.values of metalD.the first letter of the words答案：B3.An oxide is _.A.a new kind of metalsB.a kind of gasesC.a product of reactionD.a factor of chemical reaction答案：C4.The main idea of this passage is about _.A.various use
3、s of metalsB.the importance of metals C.the reaction of metalsD.how to tell metals apart答案：C5.According to the table,which metal is most suitable to make our daily kitchenware?A.Zinc.B.Iron.C.Copper.D.Magnesium.答案:CPassage B1.Which is NOT the apparatus that is required in the experiment of “Iron in
4、dry air”?A.Cotton wool.B.Oil.C.Iron nails.D.Test tube holder.答案：B2.Which is required as one of the apparatus in the experiment of “Iron in ordinary water”?A.Oil.B.Cotton.C.Bunsen burner.D.Test tube holder.答案：D3.The purpose of this experiment is _.A.to find out how iron reacts with water and airB.to
5、find out how important iron isC.to find out how to do the experiment of irons reaction with water and airD.to find out how to keep iron rustless答案:D.CULTURAL CORNER1.When did Mark Kendon begin to feel interested in Science?A.After he listened to a science lecture.B.After he heard about Nobel Prize.C
6、.After he changed to a new school.D.After he did an experiement in the lab.答案：C2.Who do you think played an important part in making Mark Kendon interested in science?A.His parents.B.The lectures.C.Nobel Prize winners.D.His chemistry teacher.答案：D3.It seems that Mark Kendon used to love_ classes.A.la
7、nguageB.chemistryC.physicsD.art答案：A4.We can see Mark Kendons parents _,when he was determined to go to Ottawa university.A.were greatly surprisedB.were very proudC.supported himD.disliked it答案：A5.The best title of this passage is _.A.What A SurpriseB.Science Teaching of My New SchoolC.Science,My New
8、 Interest!D.How To Study Science答案:C难句透视1.It is hard to think of a world without metals.很难想像一个没有金属的世界。剖析:It是形式主语,真正的主语是to think of.,without metals是表示条件的一个介词短语,作后置定语修饰world。2.When we use metals,it is important to know how they react with different substances,for example,water and oxygen.使用金属时,要了解金属和不
9、同的物质,例如,水和氧气,如何发生反应,这一点很重要。剖析:it是形式主语,to know how.是真正的主语。react with.意为“与反应”。3.The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order.金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。剖析:put.into order 用顺序进行排列。4.Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top,and the metals that react least at the bottom.这里
10、有一个表格。金属反应强的在上面,弱的在底部。剖析:Here is.是一个完全倒装结构。用来引出想介绍的内容；with the metals that react most at the top,and the metals that react least at the bottom.是一个with+名词+介词短语作补足语的独立主格结构,作后置定语；that react most和that react least是两个定语从句各自修饰metals。5.Below is a description of a simple scientific experiment.下面叙述的是一个简单的科学实验
11、。剖析:Below is.也是一个完全倒装句式,用来引出即将介绍的内容。6.The science facilities are very good,with laboratories that have all the latest equipment.这些科研设备非常好,实验室配有最新的设备。剖析:facility意为“设备”，常用其复数形式；latest是形容词,意为“最新的”；equipment是不可数名词,意为“设备”。7.Our chemistry teacher,Mr Longford,takes us to public science lectures about four
12、times a term,and these are always very interesting,as the lecturers are people who have made real discoveries in their area of science.我们的化学老师朗福德先生大约每个学期带我们去听四次大众科学讲座。这些总是很有趣,因为做讲座的人都是在各自的科研领域里真正有所发现的人。剖析:four times意为“四次”,表示次数时:一次用once;两次用twice；三次以上用“基数词+times”。 as the lecturers are people who have
13、made real discoveries in their area of science.是原因状语从句,意为“由于”；make discoveries“有了发现”；in their area of.“在他们的领域中”。8.The fact is,Canada has many first-class scientists.事实是,加拿大有许多一流的科学家。剖析:The fact is是插入语,从整个句式来看,这个句子也可改为:The fact is that Canada has.;first-class是合成形容词,意为“一流的”。9.In the last twenty years,
14、seven Canadian scientists have won the Nobel Prize!在过去的二十年里,七个加拿大科学家获得了诺贝尔奖！剖析:in the last twenty years,意为“在最近这二十年”,常与现在完成时连用。10.Im becoming more and more interested in physics,and have decided that I want to study it at university.我对物理越来越感兴趣,决心到大学学习。剖析:要注意:become是瞬间动词,用于进行时态时,表示“逐渐变得”；more and more
15、 意为“越来越”。11.Im going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University,as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.我打算或者到孟特利尔或者到渥太华大学,因为两个大学都有不错的物理系。剖析:either Montreal or Ottawa University由either.or.连接两个并列的宾语；as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments是原因状语从句,意为“由于”;are suppos
16、ed to 意为“被认为是；应当；理应”。要点解读一、词汇详解1.expand vi.膨胀；张开,展开;扩大【典型例句】The population is expanding rapidly.人口正在迅猛膨胀。The eagle expanded its wings before flying.老鹰在起飞前先展开它的翅膀。He was trying to expand his business.他(当时)正在努力扩展自己的事业。【相关链接】派expansion n.扩大,扩展,膨胀 反contract 缩小单项填空Finally,reading will and must broaden my
17、 sympathies,_ my love for others and set it in action.A.openB.expandC.break D.share提示:expand my love在这里是“扩大我的爱”。D项有一定干扰性,share构成share sth.with sb.的句型。句意:最后,读书将会并且一定扩大我的同情心,拓展了对别人的爱并付诸行动中。答案:B2.equipment n.设备；装备【典型例句】The complete equipment of the new hospital will take a year.把这个新医院的设备配齐要花一年时间。The st
18、ore sells tents and other camping equipment.这家商店出售帐篷和其他野营用具。【知识小结】equipment是不可数名词,常有some,much,a lot of修饰。【相关链接】equip vt.配备；装备Our laboratory is well equipped.我们的实验室装备良好。汉译英(1)我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。_(2)这个房间装有空调设备。_答案:(1)Our school has been given some new equipment.(2)The room is equipped with air conditionin
19、g.3.react vi.反应【典型例句】Aluminium reacts with steam.铝与蒸气发生反应。Electric charges of the same sign react against one another.相同的电荷之间相互排斥。The eye reacts to light.眼睛对光起反应。Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.孩子们倾向于通过违背父母的愿望来反抗父母。 Unkindness often reacts on the unkind per
20、son.恶人有恶报。【知识小结】react with 与进行反应react to 对产生反应react against 与排斥；反抗react on/upon 起作用于【相关链接】reaction n.反应；reactive adj. 起反应的His reaction on this matter is unexpected.没料到,他对这件事的反应是这样的。单项填空(1)Everyone fails now and then.Its how you _that makes a difference in life.A.doB.reactC.actD.forget提示:句意:每个人都会经常失败
21、。正是你对于失败的反应才使得生命有所不同。答案:B英汉互译(2)How did your mother react to the news?She reacted by getting very angry._(3)观众对这部电影反应强烈。_答案:(2)你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎样？她的反应是非常生气。(3)The audience reacted strongly to the movie.4.boil vt.煮；煮沸vi. 水的沸腾；开【典型例句】Peter boiled the kettle.彼得把茶壶里的水烧开了。Boil the potatoes for 20 minutes.把土豆煮
22、20分钟。The pot is boiling away on the fire.炉子上的水壶正在沸腾。【相关链接】boiling water 沸腾的水；开水boiled water 开过的水；凉开水He cooked the pasta in a large pan of boiling water.他用一大锅开水煮意大利面食。汉译英(1)水沸腾而变成蒸汽。_(2)她不会煮蛋。_答案:(1)When water boils it turns into steam.(2)She doesnt know how to boil an egg.5.add vt. 加;加起来;添加;补充说vi. 增
23、添;添加(常与to连用) 【典型例句】If you add three to seven,you get ten.3加7等于10。The fire is going out;will you add some wood?火要灭了,加点柴好吗？ “I always trust you,” he added.“我总是信任你,”他补充说。 The little boy cant add yet.小家伙还不会做加法。 The news added to his enjoyment.这条消息增加了他的快乐。 Add up these numbers for me.为我合计一下这些数字。 The cost
24、 adds up to 10 million yuan.成本总计达到一千万元。 【知识小结】add A to B 把 A 加到 B 上 add sth./that 补充说 add to 增加 add up 合计 adds up to 总计达到（某个数字）单项填空(1)McGrady scored 23 points and David Wesley_19,including several key free throws late,as Houston won its third game.A.addedB.adding upC.added toD.adding up to提示:句意:麦迪得了
25、23分,大卫韦斯利又添了19分,包含几个关键的罚球,使得休斯敦火箭队赢得了第三场比赛的胜利。added 19后面省去了to the total score.答案:A(2)We had run out of our money at the end of our journey;and the bad weather _our difficulty.A.addedB.added toC.added upD.added up to提示:句意:在旅途中,我们用光了钱,糟糕的天气增加了我们的困难。答案:B6.keep.out of.把挡在外面【典型例句】Shut the windows and kee
26、p the cold out.把窗子关上,不要让寒气进来。Keep the enemy out of the country.御敌于国门之外。【相关链接】keep 构成的短语：keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事keep awy from 不接近,离开keep back 阻止,抑制,隐瞒keep sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep in touch with 与保持联系keep up 保持,维持,继续下去keep up with 跟上,不落后keep off 不进入单项填空（1）His father always keeps him _,but he wo
27、nt listen to him.A.smokingB.from smokingC.to smokeD.not to smoke答案：B（2）Try your best to _ their quarrel.A.keep outB.keep awayC.keep out ofD.keep from答案：C（3）They tried to keep _ the same speed.A.inB.onC.upD.out答案：C7.ordinary adj.普通的；平常的【典型例句】I think this movie is rather ordinary.我想这部电影是相当普通的。My fathe
28、r is an ordinary farmer.我的父亲是一个普通的农民。 What is ordinary in one place may be very strange in another.在一个地方很平常的事,在另一个地方可能很新奇。【相关链接】ordinary/common/usual的区别:ordinary侧重于“平常,平凡,无独特之处”,common侧重于“普遍的,共同的”,指因很多人或事物共同拥有,比较常见的东西、品质等.usual侧重于“通常的；常有的；习惯性的” 。选词填空ordinary/common/usual(1)The flower is _in spring.(
29、2)I came into the library and sat in his _ chair.(3)Its _with him to go to work on foot.(4)In the _way he would have come with us,but hes not feeling well.(5)Snow is _in cold countries.(6)He is a(n) _ looking man but charming in character.答案:(1)common(2)usual(3)usual(4)ordinary(5)common(6)ordinary8.
30、form vi.&vt.形成；组成；组织【典型例句】A cloud of smoke formed over the burning city.在燃烧的城市上空形成了烟雾。 A plan began to form in his mind.一个计划在他的头脑里形成了。 Group activities help to form a childs character.团体活动对儿童的性格形成有帮助。 I formed an English Club last year.我去年组织了英语俱乐部。汉译英(1)他已经养成了早起的习惯。_(2)山顶上形成了云。_答案:(1)He has formed t
31、he habit of getting up early.(2)Clouds are forming on the top of the hill.9.dissolve vi.&vt. 溶解；分解；分离【典型例句】Ice dissolved in the warm weather.冰在温暖的天气中溶化了。They dissolved their marriage.他们已解除婚约。All his hopes dissolved at the terrible news.那个极坏的消息使他的一切希望都破灭了。【相关链接】dissolve away 溶解掉dissolve in溶解入dissolve
32、 into溶解到中,溶(解,化)成英汉互译(1)Heat dissolved the candle into a pool of wax in a few minutes._(2)你应当把药溶解到糖水中,然后让孩子喝掉。_答案:(1)不到几分钟热就把蜡烛融化成一摊蜡。(2)You should dissolve the medicine into the sugar water and then let your children drink it.10.used to 过去常常【典型例句】I used to live there when I was a child.那是我童年住的地方。 J
33、ohn used to visit his parents once a week when he worked as an assistant in the city.约翰在城里当服务员的时候,总是每周去看望父母一次。Used you to like opera?/Did you use to like opera?过去你喜欢歌剧吗?There used to be a church here,usednt there?过去这里有座教堂,是不是?【知识小结】used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事,强调现在不再这样做。其否定式为used not.,可缩写为usednt/usent,口
34、语中可用didnt use.。【相关链接】(1)其他相近的短语1)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事Wood can be used to make paper.木材可以用来造纸。 2)be/get used to sth./doing sth. 习惯于做某事He was used to sleeping with the windows open.他习惯敞着窗子睡觉。(2)used to和would的区别used to可指过去的状态或情况,would则不能。would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性,就不能用 would,只能用 used to。used to表示过
35、去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束,would则表示有可能再发生。People used to believe that the earth was flat.过去,人们总以为地球是扁平的。(现在已不再这样认为)He would go to the park as soon as he was free.过去,他一有空就去公园。(现在有可能再去)单项填空(1)She is shy.She is not used to _in front of others.A.praiseB.praisingC.being praisedD.be praised提示:句意:她很害羞。她不习惯于当众受表扬
36、。根据句意分析is not used to表示“不习惯于”，to是介词,所以后面要接动名词的被动形式作宾语。答案:C(2)As a child,he _ often go to the seaside watching ships.A.wouldB.used toC.shouldD.is used to提示:句意:小的时候,他经常去海边看船。此题要用would表示过去的习惯性行为。答案:A(3)Dont make fun of him again;he is no longer what he _ be.A.shouldB.would C.used toD.was used to提示:句意:不
37、要与他开玩笑了,他已不再是以前的他了。此题要用used to表示过去通常的状态。答案:C(4)The key you have just got _ the front door.A.is used to openingB.is used to be openedC.is used to being openedD.is used to open提示:句意:你刚才得到的那把钥匙是用来开前门的。用be used to do表示“被用来做某事”。答案:D11.facility n. (常用复数)设备；工具【典型例句】She had no cooking facilities in the room
38、.她房间里没有烧煮设备。Are there washing facilities in the school?学校里有洗涤设备吗？【相关链接】facility还可表示“能力;技能”，常与介词in或with连用。He has great facility in learning languages.他很有学习语言的才能。英汉互译(1)在课堂上我们可使用最新的教学设备。_(2)Her facility with languages is surprising._答案:(1)We can use the latest teaching facilities in classes.(2)她在语言方面的
39、才能令人吃惊。12.be supposed to应当；理应;被认为【典型例句】You are supposed to arrive ten minutes earlier for a party.你赴宴时应当提前五分钟到达。 You are not supposed to smoke in this building.你不可以在这栋建筑物内吸烟。 I havent seen the movie,but its supposed to be a very good one.我还没有看过这部电影,不过（人们）普遍认为它不错。单项填空Framton Nuttel was _ to be going
40、through a cure for his disease,but now he doubted whether this visit to the village would help.A.readyB.supposedC.sureD.worried提示:从四个选项判断,这里用be supposed to表示“被期待,应该”,表示作者猜测他到这里来的目的。答案:B13.astonish vt. 使吃惊,使惊讶【典型例句】We were astonished at the news of her sudden death.她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。The news astonished e
41、verybody.消息使大家感到吃惊。 It astonished us to hear that you did not received our letter.听说你还没收到我们的信,这使我们十分惊讶。 It was an astonishing story.这故事令人惊讶不已。 【知识小结】astonish使役动词,它的现在分词和过去分词已转化为形容词。astonished adj.感到吃惊的，多叙述人。astonishing adj.令人吃惊的，多叙述事。单项填空The news _ us so much that all of us were _ at it.A.astonished
42、;astonishedB.astonishing;astonishingC.astonished;astonishingD.astonishing;astonished提示:句意:这条消息使我们大家都吃惊了。我们的确惊呆了。第一个空是谓语,用astonish的过去式；第二个空用过去分词形式表示“感到吃惊”。答案:A二、句型剖析1.分数作主语时谓语的数【典型例句】One third of the students dont know the answer to the question.三分之一的学生不知道这个问题的答案。 One third of ones life is spent on t
43、he bed.人生的三分之一是在床上度过的。 Three fourths/Three quarters of the watermelon has been eaten up by him.四分之三的西瓜都被他吃光了。（即那个西瓜的四分之三） 【知识小结】当某物的几分之几作主语时,如果此物体本身为可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式,若为可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词则用单数形式。【相关链接】用法类似的词语还有:half,quarter,most,percent,rest等。汉译英(1)我们学校1/4的学生英语学得不好。 _(2)地球上 96.5% 的水是海洋水。 _答案:(1)One fo
44、urth of the students in our school are not good at English.(2)Ninety-six point five percent of the water on the earth is sea water.单项填空(3)About 60 percent of the students _ from the south,the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;are D.are提示:分数和rest作主语,谓语的数应与它们后面的
45、名词保持一致。答案:B2.the same as.【典型例句】You are the same person as I want to work with.你是我想与之一起工作的那种人。Tonna has the same skirt as I.汤娜有一件裙子与我的相同。The weather proved to be the same as we had expected.天气像我们预料的一样。【知识小结】the same修饰一个名词,或the same本身就是先行词时,后面的定语从句用关系代词as引导,as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。【相关链接】(1)the same构成的其他句式the
46、same with叙述前面的情况也适合于另一个人或事。the same to用于祝贺,意为“我也这样祝愿你”。(2)the same as和the same that的区别the same.as往往强调“相同”,而the same.that则是强调“同一”。the same.as所连接的从句可以省略谓语,而the same.that则不能这样省略。例如:She gave him the same answer as before,“No”.她回答他跟以前一样:“不。”This is the same dictionary that I bought last week.这部词典同我上星期买的是
47、同一种。单项填空(1)Can you imagine the same situation,where one cant but wait for a rescue,_ we are in now?A.andB.soC.asD.which提示:句意:你能想像到像我们现在所处的相同的一个情形吗？在这个时候,一个人别无办法只能等着救援。空格处只能填as与前面的the same形成一种习惯搭配。答案:C(2)Africans are hard working and try their best to make the world a more peaceful and beautiful one,
48、and its _the Chinese.A.the same likeB.the same asC.the same toD.the same with提示:句意:非洲人是一个勤劳的民族,他们努力使世界成为一个更加和平、更加美好的世界,中华民族也是同样的。我们常常用the same with叙述前面的情况也适合另一者。答案：D3.keep+复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)【典型例句】They lit a fire to keep themselves warm.他们点了一堆火,以便保暖。Sorry to have kept you waiting.很抱歉,让你久等了。Well keep you
49、informed.我们将随时让你知道情况。The rainstorm kept us indoors.暴风雨使我们待在家里。Once a cold kept him in bed for three days.有一次,他得了感冒,使他卧床三天。【知识小结】keep的意思是“使继续处于某种状态”,后面接复合宾语,复合宾语中的宾语补足语可以是形容词、分词、副词或介词短语。汉译英(1)我们应保持教室整洁干净。_(2)坏天气使我们不能出门。_(3)别让我等太久。_(4)班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。_答案:(1)We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.(2)T
50、he bad weather keeps us inside the house.(3)Dont keep me waiting for long.(4)The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.三、语法详解Grammar 英语倍数表达法用英语表达“A是B的N倍长(宽,高,大,重等)”,“A比B长(宽,高,大,重等)N倍” 或“A的长度(宽度,高度,大小,重量等)是B的N倍”,可用下列几种句型：(1)“A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+as+B”His father is twice as old as he.他父亲的年纪
51、有他两倍大。 (2)“A+be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than+B ” The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.长江差不多比珠江长两倍。 (3)“A+be+倍数+the+计量名词+of+B ” The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 (4)“The+计量名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B ” The size of the newly broadened squar
52、e is four times that of the previous one.新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。 (5)其他Im twice/double his age.我的年龄是他的两倍。 The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year.与去年相比,该单位职工的收入增加了50%.GRAMMAR 形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级的用法：（1）双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”的结构表示。（2）表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级t
53、han”的结构表示。（）表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+比较级（主语+谓语）,the+比较级（主语+谓语）”的结构。（4）不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级and比较级”的结构。（5）某些以-or 结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than (如：junior,senior,superior,inferior 等)。（6）在比较从句中,为了避免重复,我们通常用 that/those,one/ones 代替前面出现的名词。that 指物,one 既可指人,也可指物；that 可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。（7）表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型
54、：A.A is three (four,ect.) times as big (high,long,wide,ect.) as B.B.A is three (four,ect.) times bigger (higher,longer,wider,ect.) than B.C.A is three (four,ect.) times the size (height,length,width,ect.) of B.注意：用times 表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用twice 或double。（8）表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度
55、的状语（如：even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far,a great deal 等）。注意：by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如放在前面,应在中间加“the”。英汉互译(1)这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 _(2)这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。_(3)The sun is many times the size of the moon._(4)Ive paid five times the usual price for the stamp._答案:(1)This tree is three times a
56、s tall as that one.(2)This dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.(3)太阳是月球的许多倍。(4)我出了5倍于往常的价格买这枚邮票。单项填空(5)The wheels of the old wagon are nearly _ those of a modern car.A.twice the size ofB.twice size ofC.twice sizes ofD.twice the size of提示:倍数的其中一种表示法:倍数+the+相关名词。答案:D翻译（6）他比他爸
57、爸高两英寸。_（7）这个练习不比那个练习简单。_（8）你今天感觉好些了吗？_（9）他们越谈,越兴奋。_（10）天气变得越来越冷。_（11）这两个岛中较大的岛是大不列颠,它位于爱尔兰岛的东面。_答案：（6）He is two inches taller than his father.= He is taller than his father by two inches.（7）This exercise is less easy than that one.= This exercise is more difficult than that one.=This exercise is not
58、 so easy as that one.（8）Are you feeling any better today?（9）The more they talked,the more excited they got.（10）The weather is getting colder and colder.（11）The larger of the two islands is Britain,which lies to the east of Ireland.课文回顾下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读,根据原文章内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。Different metals have di
59、fferent _.When we use metals,it is _ to know how they _ with different _.The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in _.From the _,we can find potassium reacts the _ with oxygen and water while _ doesnt react with water.When we _ calcium in oxygen,it burns to _ an oxide.答案:uses；important；react；substances；order；table；most；copper；heat；form
