1、2013届高三英语名校试题巨献（学生版）第7讲 动词时态和语态 解题指导时态与语态一直是热点，也是广大考生复习备考的难点。考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力，能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态；熟练掌握常见的8种时态，弄清16种时态，同时还要熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。一、动词时态考查要点简述1.一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。He usually goes to work at 7 ocl
2、ock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York.The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.【典例】According to the literary review, Shakespeare his characters live through their language in his plays.A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes例：Columbus prov
3、ed that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。【典例】Next time you _here，lets have lunch togetherAwill be Bare Chave been DwereSo long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。The harder you study, the better results you will get.2.现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，
4、加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。We are having English class.The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble.Look out when you are crossing the street.Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.Marry is leaving
5、on Friday.3.现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.I have learned English for ten years.This is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is th
6、e only book that he has written.4一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意：be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up early.He promis
7、ed to buy me a computer if he got a raise5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.What were you doing at nine last night?The radio was being repaired when you c
8、alled me.6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.I had hardly finished my work when he came to
9、 see me.I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.It was 3 years since we had parted。I had hoped that I could do the job.I had intended to see you but I was too busy
10、.7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）8. 将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我
11、正在写作业。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.【典例】At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic.A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to flyBy the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train wil
12、l have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.【典例】By the time you arrive in London, we _ in Europe for two weeks.A. shall stay B. have stayedC. will have stayed D. have been stayingThe children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.【注意】1.一般现在时代替一般将来时
13、（） 书上说，报纸上说等。例如：The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。（） 叙述往事，使其生动。例如：Napoleons army now advances and the great battle begins. 拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了。3.一般现在时代替现在完成时（）有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如：I hear （= have
14、heard） he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。I forget （=have forgotten） how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。（）用句型 It is since代替It has been since 。例如：It is （= has been） five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来，五年过去了。4.一般现在时代替现在进行时。在Here comes/There goes等句型里，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如：There goes the bell. 铃响了。5.现在进行时代替将来时（）表示即将发生的
15、或预定中计划好的活动。例如：Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我们一起度周末好吗?We are leaving soon.我们马上就走。（）渐变动词，如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等。例如：He is dying. 他要死了。past years, always, recently lately等。过去完成时：before, by+过去的时间, until, when, after, once等。过去进行时：this morning, the whole morning, all day, yester
16、day, from nine to ten last evening when, while等。将来进行时：soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening。二、被动语态考查要点简述 被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语中也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。一般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动
17、词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。1. 主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。2. 主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)3. 短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid atte
18、ntion to.4. 情态动词和be going to，be to，be sure to，used to，have to，had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。5. 当句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：People say he is a smart boy.=It is said that he is a smart boy
19、.=He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.= It is known that paper was made in China first.= Paper was known to be made in China first.类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that 1. 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。2. 表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，benefit，c
20、ontain，equal，fit，join，mean，cost，look like，consist to等。3. 表示归属的动词，如have，own，belong to等。4. 表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。5. 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。6. 宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。7. 有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell，write，wash，open，lock等(此,句中常会有一些表示性质或动作特征的副词.如:well,badly,eas
21、ily,hard,difficultly等)。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door wont lock.门锁不上。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。2. 当break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.1.be seated坐着He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on
22、 a bench.）坐在凳子上。2.be hidden躲藏He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。3. be lost迷路4. be drunk喝醉5. be dressed (in sth)穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.考点五：被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)The book is well sold.(
23、系表结构)【注意】1. 时态的呼应：在复合句中，从句（主要是宾语从句和状语从句）中的时态，与主句谓语动词常相互影响,制约,这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。（）如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.（）如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下列情况： 如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如：She said she was busy t
24、hen. 如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作明显发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如：I didnt know that she had been to London twice. 如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时，但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过去完成时，如：Tome said he was born in 1975.2. 被动语态中的(主语)补足语:主动语态中的宾语加带有宾语补足语时，改为被动语态时，就将宾语改为主语，将宾补保留在原处，而成为被动语态句中主语的补足语了。宾补
25、可以有下列几种情况：（）宾补为动词不定式，如：They asked her to sing a song. She was asked to sing a song. 在动词make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可要省略，而被动语态里不能省，如：Tom was seen to come out of the lab.（）宾补为-ing,-ed分词，改为被动后不变:如：They heard them singing at the time.They were heard singing at that time.（3）宾补为形容词、副词、名词
26、或介词短语，改为被动后不变:如：She kept me busy all the morning. I was kept busy all the morning.名校模拟试题汇编训练（10分钟）1.【2012届江西省临川一中高三6月信息卷】25. The new 3D film Titanic will be on at 7：30 pmShall I pick you up at 6：40 pm?OK, I you at that timeAwas waiting forBshall be waiting forChave been waiting for Dshall have waite
27、d forA. will invest B. have invested C. will be invested D. have been invested4.【2012届安徽高考最后一卷】28.Well go to the party to be held in Anhui Grand Theater at 8 tonight. Could you join us?Im afraid I cant. I the holiday plan with my friends.A. am discussing B. have discussed C. will be discussing D. wi
28、ll have discussed5.【2012届安徽省六安一中高三第十次月考】24、Mr. White at our office three times in the last week, and each time he for you.Acalled; was Bcalled; has been Chas been calling; is Dhas called; was6.【2012届上海市高考适应性考试英语试卷】30. John is not a man to count on, and it is very likely that the work _ by the time h
29、e arrives here. A. is finished B. has finished C. will finish D. will have been finished7.【2012届甘肃兰州一中三诊】15. What do you feel about the concert held by Song Zuying in Birds Nest？ - Sorry, I have no idea. I _ it because I happened to be on the plane that night.A. missed B. had missed C. was missing D
30、. would miss8.【2012届西安八校联考二】13Have you ever seen that movie?Yes, when I was in London, I _ it three timesAhave seen Bwould see Csaw Dhad seen9.【2012届河北省唐山市三模】27Roderick had an accident yesterday. How come ?He very carefully.AdroveBdrivesChad drivenDhas drivenA. had been B. might have been C. was D.
31、would be12.【2012届江西临川一中冲刺卷】32. Im very sorry, but the manager isnt here yet.Oh, if I call again in an hour, do you think she _ ?A、had arrivedB、has arrivedC、will arriveD、arrived13.【2012届福建漳州市四地七校第四次联考】26 -Are you still busy?-Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long.A just finish B am just finishing C
32、have just finished D am just going to finish. - We _ start off at five oclock if it _ raining by then. A. will; has stopped B. are about to; stops C. are going to; will stop D. /; stops 16.【2012届黑龙江哈三中三模】34. When she _ the bill, she found her purse was nowhere. A. would B. paid C. was to pay D. had paid
