1、第二版块语篇版块 专题五 阅读七选五 真题回访 Passage 1(2017全国卷)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily.Campers，in my eyes，were people who enjoyed insect bites，ill-cooked meals，and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with
2、me._36_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer._37_ We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work，recovering from a bad case of s
3、unburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was，nevertheless，talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness._38_ Instead，we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life._39
4、_We have done a lot of it since.Recently，we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom，a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains._40_ It must be true that sooner or later，everyone f
5、inds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then，however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter
6、 the trip，my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者由不喜欢野营到喜欢上野营的过程。作者认为每个人迟早都会找到回归自然的方式，呼吁大家寻找与大自然相处的方式。36解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”，空格后一段讲述了作者的一次野营，前后之间存在转折关系，所以此处需要填一个承上启下的转折句，这与 D 项中的 however 相呼应。本设空类型为过
7、渡句类。答案：D37解析：解本题可用句意判断法。根据后文的描述“我们睡帐篷，在篝火上做饭，走很长的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知，这次野营比较艰难，这与 C 项中的 rough 相对应。本设空类型为段落总结类。答案：C38解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。根据后文转折副词 instead 后的描述“我们这次有野营车，里面有舒服的床和空调”可知，这次的野营没有帐篷，故选 A项。本设空类型属于细节理解类。答案：A39解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法和句意判断法。根据空格后的代词 we可判断所填句子中应含有复数名词，再结合空格后面一句“从那以后我们进行了很多次野营”可判断应选 F 项“这次野营后，我的家人都对野营相当感
8、兴趣了”。本设空类型属于细节理解类。答案：F40解析：解本题可用设题位置法。根据整篇文章的行文思路来看，此处应填一个总结升华的句子，结合空格后面一句“每个人迟早都会找到回归自然的方式”可判断选 E 项。本设空类型属于细节理解类。答案：EPassage 2(2017全国卷)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done._36_，there are several ways to handle things.Lets take a look at them now
9、._37_.Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then._38_.It can help to elim
10、inate(消除)future interruptions.When you need to talk to someone，dont do it in your own office._39_，its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out ofyour space even after explaining how busy you are.If you have a door to your office，make good use of it._
11、40_.If someone knocks and its not an important matter，excuse yourself and let the person know youre busyso they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed，youre not to be disturbed.AIf youre busy，dont feel bad about saying noBWhen you want to avoid interruptions at workCSet boundaries for your
12、self as far as your time goesDIf youre in the other persons office or in a public areaEIts important that you let them know when youll be availableFIt might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youGLeave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主
13、要就如何避免工作时受到打扰提出了几点建议。36解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格后说“有几种方法来处理这些情况”，B 项“当你想在工作中避免受到打扰时”与上下文衔接紧密，故为答案。本设空类型为细节理解类。答案：B37.解析：解本题可用设题位置法。设空处位于段首，根据后文提到的告诉对方你很抱歉、向对方解释你有很多事情要做以及另约时间可知，本段是讲述在自己很忙的时候不要不好意思拒绝，故选 A 项。本设空类型为段落主题句类。答案：A38解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格前说“当人们试图打扰你时，你要确定好时间，让他们知道什么时候回来找你或者你去找他们”，空格后说“这样做能帮你消除未来受到打扰的可能”，E
14、 项“让他们知道你什么时候有空非常重要”与上下文衔接紧密，故为答案。本设空类型为细节理解类。答案：E39解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。空格前的 in your own office 与 D 项中的 in the other persons office 相对应。D 项“如果你在别人的办公室或者公共区域”与空格后的内容衔接紧密，故为答案。本设空类型为细节理解类。答案：D40解析：解本题可用句意判断法。根据空格前的“如果你的办公室有门，那么就好好利用它”可知，本段主要讲述如何利用办公室的门来避免受到打扰，故选 G 项。本设空类型为过渡句类。答案：GPassage 3(2017全国卷)Lots of
15、people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact，the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock._36_ Heres how to make one._37_In order to make a change，you need to decide why its important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast wi
16、th your family，get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day?Once you are clear about your reasons，tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up，consider re-arranging your morning activities.If you want time
17、to have breakfast with your family，save some time the night before by setting out clothes，shoes，and bags._38_ Thats a quarterhour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If youre tired out by Friday night，sleeping in on Saturday
18、could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week，a recent study found._39_Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After youve tried a new method for a week，take a look at your record._40_
19、 If not，take another look at other methods you could try.AGet a sleep specialist.BFind the right motivation.CA better plan for sleep can help.DAnd consider setting a second alarm.EIf the steps you take are working，keep it up.FStick to your set bedtime and wake-up time，no matter the day.GReconsider t
20、he 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.a语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。很多人觉得早上起床很困难并将其归咎于闹钟。其实，要想早上轻松起床，关键是要调整自己身体的生物钟。具体如何做呢？一起来看看作者给出的锦囊妙计吧！36解析：解本题可利用句意判断法。空前提到要调整身体的生物钟，那么如何调整呢？空后的“Heres how to make one.”中 one 又指什么呢？浏览各选项，只有 C 项“一个更好的睡眠计划会有所帮助”符合上下文语境。本设空类型属于过渡句类。答案：C37解析：解本题可利用设题位置法。显然，该空应填本段
21、的主题句。由本段中的“为了作出改变，你需要决定为什么它很重要”及“一旦你清楚了自己的理由”等描述可知，你要想清楚为什么要早起，故选 B 项“找到合适的动机”。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。答案：B38解析：解本题可利用词汇锁定法。由空后的 bought a coffee maker 可锁定 G 项“重新考虑你用在咖啡馆排队买咖啡的 15 分钟”。本设空类型属于细节理解类。答案：G39解析：解本题可利用句意判断法。由本段首句可知本段主题是“在周末要坚持(执行)你的睡觉和起床时间表”，与此主题符合的只有 F 项“坚持你设定的就寝和起床时间，不管是哪天”。本设空类型属于段落总结类。答案：F40解析：解
22、本题可利用关联逻辑法。本段讲的是每周要记录并评价你的计划，如果有效，就继续坚持，如果无效，就看看其他你可以尝试的方法。由空后的 If not 也可直接锁定 E 项。本设空类型属于细节理解类。答案：E解题流程掌握通性通法，内化快捷解题路径通法总览题型分解一、段首题1空格为主旨句在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句，学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句的方法，从而确定答案；有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确选项和原文的内容是连贯且符
23、合逻辑的。典例(2017全国卷)_37_In order to make a change，you need to decide why its important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family,get in some exercise,or just be better prepared for your day？Once you are clear about your reasons,tell your family or roommates about the change you wa
24、nt to make.B.Find the right motivation.分析：本题空格在段首，需要填一个主旨句或一个承上启下句。由本段中的“为了作出改变，你需要决定为什么它很重要”及“一旦你清楚了自己的理由”等描述可知，你要想清楚为什么要早起，故选 B 项“找到合适的动机”。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。2空格为承上启下句在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子，这就需要学生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内容连贯起来。典例(2016北京卷)No matter where you are on the risk-seeking r
25、ange,scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.74(E.This_is_when_you_start_to_move_away_from_your_family_and_into_the_bigger_world.)To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks，so yo
26、ur brain a rinses your tolerance for risk as well._75_For the risk-seekers,a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active,while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.GNew brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.分析：本
27、题空格在段首，需要填一个主旨句或一个承上启下句。上文主要讲述了科学家的观点对冒险活动的热爱在青少年时期有所增长。大脑增加了对新经历的渴望，而新的经历也意味着许多冒险。75 题承接上文，引入下文的讲述，即“新的大脑研究表明当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑的工作方式是不同的。”接着阐述是如何的不同。故选 G 项。二、段尾题1空格为总结、概括句做题时一要注意空格前的一句或两句；二是注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的信号词，如 to conclude，in a word，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，therefore，as a result 等词语；三是要注意与前
28、文的逻辑关系，找到关键的线索词句，如表示转折、对比、并列或排比的关系。如果第一段的段尾是空格，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。典例(2017洛阳高三二模)There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event.But data should be dealt with wisely.We often get wrong data which mislea
29、d us.Remember,data have no feeling but we humans have.Data dont mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to anatyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false._AThus we should try our best to be wise thinkers.分析：本题设空在段尾，空格前的一句论述内容是“如果我们没有能力运用所学知识和自信
30、去分析数据正确与否，那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义”。所得出的结论就是“因此我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者”，结合线索词Thus 可知 A 选项是正确答案。故选 A 项。2空格为承上启下句还有可能这一空是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。典例(2017全国卷)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have lau
31、ghed heartily.Campers，in my eyes，were people who enjoyed insect bites，ill-cooked meals，and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me._36_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.The trip they took me on was a rough one.We slept in a tent，coo
32、ked over an open fire，and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work，recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then，however.分析：
33、本题设空处为第一段段尾。空格前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”，空格后一段讲述了作者的一次野营，前后之间存在转折关系，所以此处需要填一个承上启下的转折句，这与 D 项中的 however 相呼应。本设空类型为过渡句类。故选 D 项。三、段中题段中设空即主题句或展开句。尤其注意分析空前后的逻辑关系和行文逻辑及内容的连贯性，注意句间的衔接手段。其特点主要以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文具体的事实、事例和说明。因此第一步需要依据信息词将选项进行排除之后，把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处，最终判断和确定一个选项和空白处前后内容能达到语意连贯，逻辑关系清晰，于是得
34、出了正确答案。下面列举常考的依据逻辑关系设置的考题。1根据并列或递进关系解题并列或递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有 first(首先，第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)；firstly(第一，首先)，secondly(第二，其次)，thirdly(第三)；first(第一)，next(其次)，then(那么，然后)；in the first place(第一，首先)，for another(其次)；to begin with(首先，第一)，to conclude(最后)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是
35、个并列的句子。如果空格前后两句之间有 also(也，而且)，further(进一步地，而且)，furthermore(而且，此外)，likewise(同样地，也)，similarly(相同地，类似地)，moreover(而且，此外)，in addition(另外)，whats more(更重要的是)，not only.but also(不但而且)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的递进关系，空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。典例(2016全国卷)Recall(回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often
36、 goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad,but thats not whats important._39_how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.40(G._For_each_of
37、_those_gardens,_write_down_the_strongest_memory_you_have.)Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.CIts our experience of the garden that matters分析：空格前说“但那一点不重要”，由此可推测空格处会指出什么才是重要的，前后为顺承逻辑关系，C 项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”符合题意。故选 C 项。2根据转折或让步关系
38、解题转折或让步关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有 however(然而)，转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有however(然而)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，still(还，仍然)，though(可是，不过，然而)，yet(然而)，on the contrary(正相反)，in contrast(与此相反，相比之下)，in comparison(比较起来，与比较)，by comparison(相比之下)等连接词，则表明前后两句话是逻辑上的逆转，空格处很有可能表示转折或让步关系。典例(2017全国卷)I was,nevertheless，ta
39、lked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness._38_Instead，we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.AThis time there was no tent.分析：根据后文转折副词 instead 后的描述“我们这次有野营车，里面有舒服的床和空调”可知，这次的
40、野营没有帐篷，故选 A 项。3根据因果关系解题如果前后的句子之间出现 as a result(结果)，thus/therefore(因此)，so/such.that(如此以至于)等标志性词语，表明前后句有着因果关系。典例(全国卷)If you find a public speaking course that looks as though its going to give you lots of dos and donts，walk away！Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about._54_.As far
41、 as were concerned，there are basically no hard and fast rules about pulic speaking.Your audience can be your friends.GSo trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse分析：本题可利用因果关系解题。空格前面一句“Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about.(你的大脑充满了要谈的内容。)”表示原因，而
42、G 项中的 So 在此处表示结果。故选 G 项。4根据解释例证关系解题前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和演绎(从观点到例子)。典例(2016全国卷)There are three main types of cryptography._37_For example,the first letters of“My elephant eats too many eels”spell out the hidden message“Meet me.”EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.分析：本题可利用解释例证关系解题。本题采用的思维方式是演绎(从观点到例子)，空格后的句子是例子，即“For example，the first letters of My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden messageMeet me.”。故选 E 项(你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息)。随堂训练点击进入WORD链接谢谢观看！
