1、上海市杨浦区2021届高三英语上学期期末（一模）试题（含解析）考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversati
2、on, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. 【此处可播放相关音频，
3、请去附件查看】What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Professor and student.B. Employer and employee.C. Interviewer and interviewee.D. Salesperson and client.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Do you by chance have any letters of recommendation with you?M: Yes, Ms. Yang. I have one from my professor and
4、 one from my last employer.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What did Jack think of the movie?A. It was a very special production.B. It was a little disappointing.C. It was full of exciting action.D. It was as exceptional as expected.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: J
5、ack, did you go to see the movie yesterday?M: Yes, but it wasnt exceptional. It lacked the action and special effects I was expecting.Q: What did Jack think of the movie?3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the mans problem?A. He doesnt like the view.B. He doesnt trust elevators.C. He is afraid of height.D.
6、 He feels isolated on bridges.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Lets walk across the bridge and enjoy the view.M: Sorry, Jane, but I cant do that. I get nervous when Im high above things. I cant even take a glass elevator.Q: What is the mans problem?4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the earliest start date for the woman?A
7、. This Sunday.B. Next Thursday.C. Next Monday.D. The Monday after next.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Can you start to work next Monday right after this weekend?W: On Monday? Oh, no. Could you possibly postpone my start date for a week or at least until next Thursday?Q: What is the earliest start date for the woma
8、n?5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What can we learn from the conversation?A. The contract contains too many sticky points.B. The budget is limited for the planned project.C. Neither side is willing to initiate the project.D. The two sides cant agree on the budget.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: Why havent you signed the contr
9、act?M: Well, the budget needed for the project is a sticking point between the two sides.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How does the woman feel?A. Sorry.B. Puzzled.C. Impatient.D. Angry.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M: Sorry! I had to finish some paper work at the office. Then the tr
10、affic was heavy.W: You could have called me. The dinner is cold now.Q: How does the woman feel?7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What happened to the mans car?A. It was seriously damaged.B. It was badly flooded.C. It crashed on a bridge.D. It was beyond repair.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: I am really sorry about crashing you
11、r car.M: No problem. Its fixed now so its water under the bridge.Q: What happened to the mans car?8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What should the man do according to the woman?A. Make one cake at a time.B. Follow the step-by-step guide.C. Ignore the complicated procedure.D. Memorize the instructions.【答案】B【解析】【
12、原文】M: The procedure for cake making seems quite complicated.W: Dont panic. All you need to do is to follow the instructions one step at a time.Q: What should the man do according to the woman?9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. He will go to a gym after work.B. He is unlikely to exercise
13、regularly.C. He is not allowed to exercise in the office.D. He will definitely change his schedule.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Sitting around all day isnt good for your body. Youve definitely got to find time to exercise outside of work.M: Oh, I wish I could. But I just dont have time in my schedule to fit in a
14、 workout.Q: What does the man mean?10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. Jason deserves to be punished.B. Jason has lost control of the situation.C. Jason is sure to accomplish the assignment.D. Jason needs to improve his performance.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: Jason didnt hand in the year-end report
15、as required.M: Well，he is on a slippery slope to failure if he keeps missing the deadlines for his assignmentQ: What does the man mean?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and
16、the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.听下面一段独白,回答以下小题此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11. W
17、hy was there a dirty mark on the plastic bowl?A. To make it stand out among the exhibits.B. To give the impression of discolouration.C. To make it look like the original piece.D. To showcase the artistic style of the artist.12. What happened to the artwork at the Tate Gallery of British Art in 2004?
18、A. It was sold for a record one million pounds.B. It was restored to its original state.C. It was partially damaged by accident.D. It was thrown away on purpose.13. What does the speaker mainly talk about?A. Accidents caused by lack of security in museums.B. Impacts of damaged artworks on the public
19、.C. Challenges of guarding the artworks in museums.D. Incidents of artworks falling victim to human errors.【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D【解析】【原文】A cleaner accidentally destroyed a piece of installation art valued at more than $ 600,000. While working on the exhibition floor, the hardworking cleaner removed a
20、 dirty mark from a plastic bowl. Unfortunately, the bowl was part of a work of art which was being exhibited at a museum in Dortmund in Germany. Entitled When It Starts Dripping from the Ceilings, the piece consisted of a tower of wooden boards with a plastic bowl at the bottom. The bowl had been pa
21、inted brown to give the impression of discolouration caused by the water. “It is now impossible to return it to its original state,” a museum spokeswoman said. The work of art was by the late artist Martin Kippenberger. Earlier this year, one of his sculptures was sold at the Christies sale in Londo
22、n for more than one million pounds.The Dortmund incident isnt the first time a piece of art has fallen victim to a cleaner. In 2004, a cleaner at the Tate Gallery of British Art threw away part of a work by artist Gustav Metzger as rubbish. The artist was well known to place emphasis on action over
23、creation of the art object, inviting viewers to interact with some of his work to heighten their impact.听下面一段独白,回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14. What is Melanie doing?A. Launching an anti-smoking campaign.B. Presenting three health related videos.C. Introducing a public service video.D. Proposing ideas f
24、or the video content.15. Which best describes the teenager in the video?A. He smokes three cigarettes before getting to school.B. He tends to avoid sports both in and out of school.C. He smokes secretively when he cant concentrate.D. His parents have stopped giving him pocket money.16. What can we l
25、earn about the video based on Melanies description?A. It emphasizes the value of physical activities.B. It has a question in the end to arouse interest.C. It follows the daily lives of a group of teenagers.D. It shows the effects of smoking on a teenager.【答案】14. C 15. B 16. D【解析】【原文】Hi, Im Melanie a
26、nd Im here to present our ideas for an antismoking public service video called “Kick it in!” This video forms part of the governments “Healthy Living” campaign, which aims to promote a more active lifestyle amongst teenagers. This video is the first in a series of three, the other two being healthy
27、eating and responsible drinking.The video itself follows a few days in the life of an unhealthy teenager. Basically, we want to get across the idea that theres a cost associated with smoking a cost in terms of money, friends and your health.The video starts off with the teen waking up at home and li
28、ghting up a cigarette before hes even had breakfast. After breakfast, he leaves home with another cigarette. As hes walking down the road, he sees the bus ahead arriving at the stop. He runs to catch it, but has to stop, short of breath.Then we see him at school. Hes looking pale. He cant concentrat
29、e because hes feeling sick. During a break at school, his friends are running around playing football and volleyball while he slips out for a cigarette. After school, he borrows money so he can buy some cigarettes. At the weekend, he stays inside playing computer games and smoking while his friends
30、are playing tennis, cycling and having fun together. By the end of the weekend hes looking pretty bad. As the screen fades away, the words slowly appear, “Give it up! Youll feel a whole lot better!”OK, has anybody got any questions?听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17. What is the primary goal in te
31、rms of the pricing strategy?A. To make a huge profit.B. To build a customer base.C. To attract new investors.D. To defeat old brands.18. How are they going to promote the new drink?A. Organizing contests in the stores.B. Inviting celebrities to hand out free samples.C. Introducing it on the official
32、 website.D. Featuring it on some TV channels.19. Why do they decide to build a strong network of online platforms?A. Exposure on another brands website is impractical.B. Offline promotions are forbidden these days.C. Doing so doesnt require a huge investment.D. Social media presence is vital for pro
33、motion.20. What do the two speakers mainly talk about?A. The pricing and marketing strategies.B. The companys development obstacles.C. The action plan of setting a reasonable price.D. The factors in expanding the market.【答案】17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A【解析】【原文】W: Lets talk about the pricing strategy for o
34、ur new peach-flavored drink.M: There is a wide range of factors to consider here.W: Yes. Lets first start with our goal. Do we want to start making a profit right away or focus on attracting customers with lower prices?M: I think our biggest priority is gaining exposure. We need to first get our bra
35、nds name out there and gain a loyal customer base. Then we can focus on profits.W: Thats definitely important for newcomers like us. By the way, what do you have in mind for the special pricing for our opening weekend?M: I think we could do a buy-one-get-one-free event. People love it.W: That sounds
36、 perfect. Now that weve figured out a good pricing strategy, lets talk about marketing.M: How about having contests where we give away free prizes in the stores across the city? If we invite some celebrities, we will get more media attention.W: I think under the current situations, promotions at phy
37、sical stores had better be avoided just to be safe. We should invest heavily in building a strong network of online platforms instead.M: Yes, its very important in this day and age to have a strong social media presence.W: I think in addition to our website, we should also be sure to develop an app
38、where customers and fans can view and buy our products.M: We can also invite celebrities to introduce our drinks through some live streaming platforms.W: Thats a good idea. We should also consider a few other less common channels, as well. For example, if we get featured on another brands social med
39、ia, we will get exposure to their customer and fan base.M: That is really creative.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the
40、proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Causes of and Solutions to Frugal Fatigue (节俭疲劳症)Have you ever attempted to save money to such a degree that you are not enjoying your life anymore? If so, you could be suffering from frugal fatigue. Simply _
41、21_ (put), frugal fatigue refers to being sick and tired of attempting to save every penny that you earn. When you are determined to prioritize your savings, it can be initially _22_ (tempt) to cut out every single luxury item from your budget. However, the problem with this strategy is that in the
42、long run, you may experience burnout from allowing yourself no luxuries whatsoever.Frugal fatigue can be compared to extreme dieting. Someone attempting to diet in order to lose weight _23_ decide to give up all treats such as chocolate, cakes, and alcohol, _24_ of which presents health risks if con
43、sumed in moderation. _25_ months of eating nothing but vegetables and snacking on fruits alone, it would be no surprise if one became fed up with dieting. What tends to happen in the cases of frugal fatigue is that the individual in question suddenly reaches a breaking point _26_ he goes on a spendi
44、ng spree（狂欢）to get relief. This causes them to lose all the savings that they _27_ (store) up thus far, and then they suffer from financial anxiety again.So, how does one prevent frugal fatigue? One method is to avoid adopting an all-or-nothing attitude. _28_ (plan) a careful budget that not only en
45、ables you to save money but also allows you the occasional luxury purchase. This way, you will not feel _29_ you are robbing yourself of all treats. Another effective strategy is to establish realistic goals for saving. Try to break up your financial goals into manageable milestones. Be sure to keep
46、 very clear reasons in mind for _30_ you are saving, whether its for a vacation or a retirement fund.【答案】21. put 22. tempting 23. may/might 24. none 25. After 26. where 27. have stored 28. Plan 29. as if/as though 30. which【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了导致节俭疲劳症的原因并给出了解决问题的方法。【21题详解】考查过去分词。句意：简单地说，“节俭疲劳”指的是厌倦了试图把你
47、挣到的每一分钱都存起来。分析句子成分可知，设空处需填入非谓语动词作状语，put与主语frugal fatigue是被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式。故填put。【22题详解】考查形容词。句意：当你决定优先考虑你的储蓄时，从预算中削减每一件奢侈品的方法在最初可能会很有诱惑力。分析句子成分可知，设空处需填入形容词形式作表语，又根据句意可知，此句中真正的主语是动词不定式“to cut out every single luxury item from your budget”，这件事是“吸引人的，有诱惑力的”，应用-ing结尾的形容词作表语。故填tempting。【23题详解】考查情态动词。句意：为了
48、减肥而节食的人可能会决定放弃所有的美食，如巧克力、蛋糕和酒精，只要适量食用，这些食物都不会对健康造成危害。空后的decide是动词原形，再根据句意可推断，设空处应填入表示可能性的情态动词。故填may/might。【24题详解】考查不定代词。句意：为了减肥而节食的人可能会决定放弃所有的美食，如巧克力、蛋糕和酒精，只要适量食用，这些食物都不会对健康造成危害。根据空后定语从句的内容“of which presents health risks if consumed in moderation”可知，设空处需填入表否定意义的不定代词来使句意通顺，none可指代前文出现的三种东西“chocolate,
49、 cakes, and alcohol”。故填none。【25题详解】考查介词。句意：在几个月只吃蔬菜，只吃水果作为零食之后，一个人对节食感到厌倦也就不足为奇了。空后的“months of”表示一段时间，根据句意，一个人对解释感到厌倦应该是在吃了几个月的蔬菜和水果之后才产生的感觉，所以推断设空处应填入表示先后顺序的介词与months of 共同作全句的时间状语。故填After。【26题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在“节俭疲劳”的情况下，往往会发生这样的情况：这个人突然达到临界点，开始疯狂消费以获得解脱。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是point，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填w
50、here。【27题详解】考查动词时态。句意：这导致他们失去了迄今为止所有的积蓄，然后他们再次遭受财务焦虑。分析句子成分可知，that引导定语从句，该从句的时间状语是thus far，所以从句谓语动词应采用现在完成式。故填have stored。【28题详解】考查祈使句。句意：做一个仔细的预算，不仅能让你省钱，还能让你偶尔买些奢侈品。分析句子成分可知，“that not only enables you to save money but also allows you the occasional luxury purchase”是定语从句，先行词是budget，所以主句中缺少主语和谓语动词，
51、在没有主语的情况下，动词应用原形构成祈使句。故填plan。【29题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这样，你就不会觉得好像你在剥夺自己所有的享受。根据句意可推断，“你”的所有的享受并不是真的被“抢劫”了，这里只能是一种比喻的说法，需填入含有“似乎，好像”意义的连词来引导宾语从句。故填as if/as though。【30题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：一定要清楚地记住你存钱的原因，无论是为了度假还是为了退休基金。分析句子成分可知，设空处与for一起引导定语从句，先行词是reasons，且在从句中作状语时，定语从句由why或for which引导。故填which。Section BDirections: F
52、ill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. including B. impressions C. standing D. restored E. missingF. fun G. comfort H. associated I. inspired J. marked K. contactAncient Civilizations Had Game Night
53、s Too!Morten Ramstad, a researcher at the University of Bergen, Norway, and his team spotted one of the rare objects while unearthing the remains of an Early Iron Age (400-300 BC) burial site in Western Norway. Burying loved ones with basic necessities like ceramic pots and clothing, to ensure their
54、 _31_ in the afterlife, was a fairly common tradition in ancient cultures. However, the families of some lucky individuals went a step further by _32_ a board game for entertainment.Though the game board was _33_, the archeologists, who revealed their findings on April 5, 2020, managed to recover th
55、e dice（骰子）and 18 circular game pieces. Unlike the modern-day cubical（立体的）dice, which are _34_ with a different number of dots from one to six on each face, the ancient game counter was square and had bulls-eye like _35_, which indicated zero to five on each of its four faces. The researchers suspect
56、 it may have been _36_ by the oldest-known board game the “Game of Mercenaries”. The two-person strategy game, which dates back to the 3rd century BC, was believed to be similar to modern-day chess.The archeologists, who also unearthed remains of pottery jars and a bronze needle at the burial site b
57、elieve the game pieces indicate the dead was a wealthy individual. In ancient civilizations, board games were a status symbol, signifying the owners high social and economic _37_. They indicated an individuals intellectual ability and also proved he/she could afford to spend time on such activities.
58、“These are status objects that bear witness to _38_ with the Roman Empire, where they liked to enjoy themselves with board games,” Ramstad said. “People who played games like this were from the upper class. The game showed that they had the time, profits, and ability to think strategically.”The rese
59、archers planned to put the _39_ game pieces in a museum as the discovery provides insights into Norways social structure during the Early Iron Age and gives some ideas of what tabletop _40_ looked like during ancient times, at least for the upper class.【答案】31. G 32. A 33. E 34. J 35. B 36. I 37. C 3
60、8. K 39. D 40. F【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了古代文明也有游戏之夜，介绍了挪威的研究人员Morten Ramstad和他的团队在挪威西部发掘出的一件罕见的物品一种用于娱乐的桌面游戏。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：用像陶罐和衣服等基本必需品埋葬亲人，以确保他们死后舒适，这在古代文化中是相当普遍的传统。分析句子可知，their是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，作ensure的宾语，comfort“舒适”是名词，符合句意，故选G项。【32题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，一些幸运的家庭更进一步，把桌面游戏作为娱乐。分析句子可知，by是介词，接名词，代词或者动名词作宾语，includi
61、ng“包括”符合句意，故选A项。【33题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然游戏图版缺失，考古学家，在2020年4月5日透露他们的发现，设法恢复骰子和18个圆形的游戏金币。分析句子可知，was是系动词，接形容词作表语，missing“缺少的”符合句意，故选E项。【34题详解】考查动词时态。句意：不像现代的立体的骰子，每个面上标着1到6个不同数量的点，古代游戏计数器是靶心印记，它的四个面分别代表0到5。be marked with被标上；标记，符合句意，故选J项。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：不像现代的立体的骰子，每个面上标着1到6个不同数量的点，古代游戏计数器是靶心印记，它的四个面分别代表0到5。分析
62、句子可知，空格处作had的宾语，用名词，impression“印记；压印”是可数名词，符合句意，根据句意用复数，故选B项。【36题详解】考查动词时态。句意：研究人员怀疑这可能是受到了最古老的桌面游戏“雇佣兵游戏”的启发。分析句子可知，空格处作宾语从句的谓语动词，主语it指代上文提到的the ancient game counter，由空前的have been可推断，用现在完成时的被动语态，inspire“鼓舞，启发”符合句意，用其过去分词构成现在完成时的被动语态。故选I项。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：在古代文明中，桌面游戏是地位的象征，代表着主人高贵的社会地位和经济地位。分析句子可知，空格处
63、在形容词economic后用名词作动词signifying的宾语，standing“地位”符合句意，故选C项。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：拉姆斯塔德说：“这些都是身份物品，证明了他们与罗马帝国的联系，他们喜欢在那里玩棋盘游戏”。分析句子可知，to是不定式符号，接动词原形，contact“接触；联系”，符合句意，用动词原形。故选K项。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员计划将这些复原的游戏碎片放在博物馆里，因为这一发现可以让人们深入了解早期铁器时代挪威的社会结构，并让人们了解古代的桌面娱乐是什么样子的，至少对上层社会来说是这样。分析句子可知，空格处修饰名词作定语，restore“
64、恢复；复原”，符合句意，restore与逻辑主语game pieces是被动关系，故用过去分词restored，故选D项。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：研究人员计划将这些复原的游戏碎片放在博物馆里，因为这一发现可以让人们深入了解早期铁器时代挪威的社会结构，并让人们了解古代的桌面娱乐是什么样子的，至少对上层社会来说是这样。分析句子可知，空格处作宾语从句的主语，用名词，fun“娱乐；乐趣”，符合题意，是不可数名词。故选F。III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage th
65、ere are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Bad Dreams Are Good!Most of us dream, whether we remember them or not. What are dreams for? A handful of _41_ dominate. Sigmund Freud famously maintained that they reveal hidden
66、truths and wishes. More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions, or perhaps sort through and strengthen memories, or _42_ random neuron（神经元） activity, or prepare responses to threatening situations. Others argue that dreams have no evolutionary function, but simply _4
67、3_ personal concerns.Despite being largely unsupported by _44_, Freuds view maintains a strong following around the world. Researchers found that students in the U.S., South Korea, and India were much more likely to say that dreams reveal hidden truths than to accept better _45_ theories. In the sam
68、e study, respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more _46_ than an official warning about a terrorist attack. Even if dreams cant foretell the future, they seem to _47_ our shared fascinations. The majority of dreams occur during REM sleep （深度睡眠） cycles, of which the aver
69、age person has four or five a night.A study of Canadian university students found the most common dream topics include school, falling, being chased, and arriving too late for something. For all the commonalities dreams _48_, they vary across time and culture people who grew up watching black-and-wh
70、ite TV are more likely to dream in black and white. A 1958 study _49_ that compared with Japanese people, Americans dreamed more about being locked up, losing a loved one, finding money, being _50_ dressed or encountering a mad person. Japanese people were more likely to dream about school, trying r
71、epeatedly to do something, being paralyzed with fear, or “wild, violent beasts.” If human dreams sound _51_, bear in mind that even negative ones can have positive effects.In a study of students taking a French medical school entrance exam, 60 percent of the dreams they had beforehand _52_ a problem
72、 with the exam, such as being late or leaving an answer blank. But those who reported _53_ about the exam, even bad ones, did better on it than those who didnt. So the next time you dream about an education related experience in which you are unable to answer the questions or solve a problem, dont _
73、54_: Its probably totally meaningless. Then again, your brain might be practicing so youll be _55_ if such an event ever comes to pass.41. A. symptomsB. reviewsC. conflictsD. theories42. A. take place ofB. make peace withC. make sense ofD. come up with43. A. exemplifyB. dramatizeC. horrifyD. recogni
74、ze44. A. evidenceB. informationC. qualificationD. inquiry45. A. assumedB. connectedC. confirmedD. realized46. A. curiosityB. anxietyC. fancyD. reluctance47. A. expectB. endureC. exposeD. employ48. A. exhibitB. explainC. supplyD. identify49. A. diagnosedB. dismissedC. deniedD. determined50. A. unnece
75、ssarilyB. independentlyC. inappropriatelyD. impersonally51. A. puzzlingB. excitingC. depressingD. amusing52. A. revealedB. guaranteedC. tracedD. involved53. A. gradesB. concernsC. dreamsD. memories54. A. hesitateB. worryC. pauseD. laugh55. A. readyB. eagerC. nervousD. curious【答案】41. D 42. C 43. B 44
76、. A 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. C 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了大多数人都会做梦，无论你记不记得。分析了做梦的原因，并且告诉我们不好的梦也有好处。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们为什么会做梦？有几个理论的解释占主导地位。A. symptoms症状；B. reviews评论；C. conflicts冲突；D. theories理论。根据下文“Sigmund Freud famously maintained that they reveal hidden truths and w
77、ishes.”（弗洛伊德的著名理论认为，梦揭示了我们内心深处隐藏的真相和欲望。）可知下文中开始讲述这几个理论。故选D。【42题详解】考查动词固定搭配。句意：或者帮我们理解随机的神经元活动。A. take place of代替；B. make peace with跟上节奏；C. make sense of理解；D. come up with想出。根据下文“or prepare responses to threatening situations.”（帮助我们预演对危险情景的反应。）可知先要理解神经元的活动。故选C。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：只是把我们个人所关心的事戏剧化了。A. e
78、xemplify简化；B. dramatize戏剧化；C. horrify使震惊；D. recognize意识到，辨认出，认可。根据下文“A study of Canadian university students found the most common dream topics include school, falling, being chased, and arriving too late for something.”（一项针对加拿大大学生的研究发现，最常见的做梦的主题包括上学，摔倒，被追赶以及迟到。）可知梦被戏剧化了。故选B。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管弗洛伊
79、德的理论没有得到大量研究证据的支持。A. evidence证据；B. information信息；C. qualification资格；D. inquiry咨询。根据本句中“despite尽管”以及下文“Freuds view maintains a strong following around the world.”（弗洛伊德的观点依然在全世界有着众多坚定跟随者。可知此处前后句形成转折的关系，虽然没有得到大量研究证据，但是仍然有很多跟随者。故选A。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国，韩国，印度的学生更愿意接受梦揭示了我们内心深处隐藏的真相而不是接受一个更坚定的理论。A. assu
80、med假定的；B. connected联系的；C. confirmed坚定的；D. realized意识到的。根据上文“Despite being largely unsupported by _4_, Freuds view maintains a strong following around the world.”（尽管弗洛伊德的理论没有得到大量研究证据的支持，弗洛伊德的观点依然在全世界有着众多坚定跟随者。）可知学生们更相信梦揭示了我们内心深处隐藏的真相而不是接受一个更坚定的理论。故选C。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：调查者说梦到飞机出事故会导致他们比官员警告有恐怖袭击更让他们焦
81、虑。A. curiosity好奇；B. anxiety焦虑；C. fancy幻想；D. reluctance不情愿。根据“an official warning about a terrorist attack”可知，飞机出事故和恐怖袭击都是让人焦虑的事。故选B。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使梦不能预示未来，但似乎能暴露我们共同的爱好。A. expect期望；B. endure忍受；C. expose暴露；D. employ雇佣。根据上文“Sigmund Freud famously maintained that they reveal hidden truths and wis
82、hes. ”（弗洛伊德的著名理论认为，梦揭示了我们内心深处隐藏的真相和欲望。）可知，梦能暴露我们共同的爱好。故选C。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于梦所展现的所有共性而言，它们会随着时间变化而变化。A. exhibit展示；B. explain解释；C. supply提供；D. identify识别。根据上文“A study of Canadian university students found the most common dream topics include school, falling, being chased, and arriving too late for
83、 something.”（一项针对加拿大大学生的研究发现，最常见的做梦的主题包括上学，摔倒，被追赶以及迟到。）可知这是梦展现的共性。故选A。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一份1958年的研究发现，与日本人相比，美国人更多会梦到被锁住、失去挚爱、找到钱、衣着不恰当或者遇到精神失常的人。A. diagnosed诊断；B. dismissed不予理会，解雇；C. denied否认；D. determined查明，确定。根据后半句“that compared with Japanese people, Americans dreamed more about being locked up”（
84、与日本人相比，美国人更多会梦到被锁住）可知这是研究结论。故应为查明，发现。故选D。【50题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一份1958年的研究发现，与日本人相比，美国人更多会梦到被锁住、失去挚爱、找到钱、衣着不恰当或者遇到精神失常的人。A. unnecessarily没有必要地；B. independently独立地；C. inappropriately不恰当地；D. impersonally冷淡地。根据空格后dressed可知此处指衣着不恰当，故选C。【51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果人类的梦听起来有点令人沮丧的。A. puzzling令人困惑的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C
85、. depressing令人沮丧的；D. amusing令人开心的。根据后半句“bear in mind that even negative ones can have positive effects.”（请记住即使是负面的梦也会产生积极的影响。）可知前半句描述的梦是负面的，令人沮丧的。故选C。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们考试前所做的梦有百分之六十都是涉及考试。A. revealed揭示；B. guaranteed确保；C. traced追踪；D. involved涉及。根据后文“such as being late or leaving an answer blank.”
86、（例如迟到或有题目没做。）可知都是涉及到考试的梦。故选D。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是那些梦到考试的学生，即使做的是噩梦，考试成绩也比没梦到考试的学生要好。A. grades年级；B. concerns关心；C. dreams梦；D. memories记忆。根据上文“60 percent of the dreams they had beforehand _12_ a problem with the exam,”（学生们考试前所做的梦有百分之六十都是涉及考试。）可知此处指梦。故选C。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以如果下次你梦到了糟糕的经历，别担心：它可能完全没有意义
87、。A. hesitate犹豫；B. worry担心；C. pause停止；D. laugh笑。根据本后半句“Its probably totally meaningless.”（它可能完全没有意义。）可知，让你不要担心。故选B。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样你会对要发生的事有所准备。A. ready准备好的；B. eager渴望的；C. nervous焦虑的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文“your brain might be practicing”（你的大脑在进行预演）可知，这样你会有所准备。故选A。Section BDirections: Read the follo
88、wing three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Jonas was careful about language. Not like
89、his friend, Asher, who talked too fast, mixing up words and phrases until they were barely recognizable and often very funny.Jonas smiled, remembering the morning that Asher had dashed into the classroom, late as usual, arriving breathlessly in the middle of the chanting of the morning anthem (国歌).
90、When the class took their seats at the conclusion of the patriotic song, Asher remained standing to make his public apology as was required.“I apologize for inconveniencing my learning community.” Asher ran through the standard apology phrase rapidly, still catching his breath. The Instructor and cl
91、ass waited patiently for his explanation.“I left home at the correct time but when I was riding along near the pool, the crew was separating some salmon. I guess I just got distraught, watching them.”“I apologize to my classmates,” Asher concluded. He smoothed his messy collar and sat down.“We accep
92、t your apology, Asher.” The class recited the standard response in unison. Many of the students were biting their lips to keep from laughing.“I accept your apology, Asher,” the Instructor said. He was smiling. “And I thank you, because once again you have provided an opportunity for a lesson in lang
93、uage. Distraught is too strong an adjective to describe salmon viewing.” He turned and wrote “distraught” on the instructional board. Beside it he wrote “distracted.”Jonas, nearing his home now, smiled at the recollection.Thinking, still, as he wheeled his bike into its narrow port beside the door,
94、he realized that frightened was the wrong word to describe his feelings, now that December was almost here. It was too strong an adjective.He had waited a long time for this special December, when the Ceremony of the Twelve will be held and the future assignment will be announced by the Elders in th
95、e committee.Now that it was almost upon him, he wasnt frightened, but he was. eager, he decided. He was eager for it to come. And he was excited, certainly. All of the Elevens were excited about the event that would be coming so soon. But there was a little tremble of nervousness when he thought abo
96、ut it, about what might happen.Anxious, Jonas decided. Thats what I am.56. Asher arrived at the school _.A. as soon as the students concluded the national anthemB. after all the other students had taken their seatsC. when the Instructor had begun the language lessonD. when students had started singi
97、ng the patriotic song57. Why did the Instructor write the word “distraught” on the board?A. To show he accepted the apology.B. To explain the confusing words.C. To warn students against using it.D. To shame Asher for using the wrong word.58. Jonas recalled what happened to Asher because _.A. he foun
98、d himself struggling to describe his feelings preciselyB. he was certain that he would make the same mistake as Asher didC. he was reminded to use the appropriate language for the ceremonyD. he finally understood how Asher was feeling that morning59. The text is probably extracted from _.A. a scienc
99、e fiction novelB. a journal of applied linguisticsC. a documentary about campus lifeD. a manual for using language correctly【答案】56. D 57. B 58. A 59. A【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了主人公Jonas想要改变他所生活的社会的故事。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Jonas smiled, remembering the morning that Asher had dashed into the classroom, late as
100、 usual, arriving breathlessly in the middle of the chanting of the morning anthem(国歌).(Jonas笑了，想起Asher冲进教室的那个早晨，像往常一样晚，在国歌唱到一半的时候气喘吁吁地赶到).”可知，Asher到达学校时，学生们已经开始唱国歌了。故选D。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据第七段中的“And I thank you, because once again you have provided an opportunity for a lesson in language. Distraught is t
101、oo strong an adjective to describe salmon viewing.” He turned and wrote “distraught” on the instructional board. Beside it he wrote “distracted.” (“我得感谢你，因为你再一次提供了一个学习语言的机会。用Distraught这个形容词来形容观看鲑鱼实在是太过分了。”他转过身，在黑板上写下了“Distraught”。他在旁边写着“distracted”)”可知，老师在黑板上写下“distraught”是为了解释这些令人困惑的单词。故选B。【58题详解】推
102、理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Now that it was almost upon him, he wasnt frightened, but he was. eager, he decided. He was eager for it to come. And he was excited, certainly. But there was a little tremble of nervousness when he thought about it, about what might happen.(现在眼看就要到了，他并不害怕，但他有些渴望，他断定。他渴望它的到来。他当然很兴奋。但一
103、想到可能发生的事，他就有点紧张得发抖)”可知，在Jonas回忆起所发生的事时，从“不害怕”到“渴望”到“兴奋”再到“紧张得发抖”。由此可知，他发现自己很难准确地描述自己的感受。故选A。【59题详解】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Jonas想要改变他所生活的社会的故事。根据倒数第三段“He had waited a long time for this special December, when the Ceremony of the Twelve will be held and the future assignment will be announced by the Elders in t
104、he committee.(为了这个特别的十二月，他已经等了很长时间，那时会举行十二圣礼的仪式，未来的任务将由委员会的长者宣布)”和倒数第二段“And he was excited, certainly. All of the Elevens were excited about the event that would be coming so soon. But there was a little tremble of nervousness when he thought about it, about what might happen.(他当然很兴奋。所有的11岁的孩子们都为即将到
105、来的事件感到兴奋。但一想到可能发生的事，他就有点紧张得发抖)”可知，当其他所有的11岁的孩子们都为即将到来的事件感到兴奋的时候，Jonas为自己的决定会带来的改变而感到紧张。由此可知，这篇文章可能摘自一部科幻小说。故选A。（B）60. What does Planting for Progress appeal do for the struggling farmers？A. It trains farmers to research new varieties of seeds.B. It uses green technology to ensure water supply.C. It
106、transforms the soil to prevent failed harvest.D. It teaches farmers marketing skills to boost crop sales.61. If Jenny would like to be updated about the work done by Practical Action, she should send her personal contact information by _.A. calling 0800 389 1624 in personB. visiting practicalaction.
107、org/thriveC. emailing myprivacypracticalaction.org.ukD mailing to a given address62. The purpose of the leaflet is to _.A. encourage public donations to charityB. introduce the various charity work doneC. outline procedures of donating to charityD. raise awareness of ending world hunger【答案】60. B 61.
108、 D 62. A【解析】本文是应用文。文章是一个宣传给慈善机构捐款救助农民的宣传单。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Three years of drought in Zimbabwe have left fields too dry to grow crops(三年的干旱使津巴布韦的土地太干，不能种庄稼)”和 “Solar-powered water pumps to irrigate fields all year round, even during the drought.（太阳能水泵可以全年灌溉农田，即使是在干旱时期。）”可知，对于苦苦挣扎的农民，Planting for P
109、rogress呼吁使用环保科技确保水供应。故选B。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据“You can find out more about how we collect and use your personal information by reading our privacy notice at practicalaction.org/privacy. To change how we manage your personal information or choose not to receive communications from Practical Action, call us
110、 on 0800 389 1624 or email myprivacypractica laction.org.uk（您可以在practicalaction.org/privacy上阅读我们的隐私通知，了解我们如何收集和使用您的个人信息，想要改变我们管理您的个人信息的方式，或选择不从Practical Action,接收通信，请致电0800 389 1624或发邮件至myprivacypractica laction.org.uk）”可知，如果Jenny想了解Practical Action所做的工作，她需要将个人联系方式发送到指定的地址。故选D。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据“Do som
111、ething amazing： Support our Planting for Progress appeal with a gift today.( 做一些令人惊奇的事情:今天就送一份礼物来支持我们的“种植促进进步”呼吁)”可推断，这个传单的目的是鼓励公众给慈善机构捐款。故选A。(C)Identifying the chemical makeup of pigment (色素) used in ancient documents, paintings, and watercolors is critical to restoring and conserving the precious
112、artworks. However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers from Portugal has finally uncovered the mysteriou
113、s ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-purple color that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life.The research team began by poring over instructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text
114、 entitled The Book on How to Make All the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. However, translating the instructions was no easy task. It was written in the now extinct Judaeo-Portuguese language, and though the source of the dye was traced back to a plant, no name was mentioned.However, by piecing
115、together suggestions from the text, the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant. After an extensive search, the team found a few varieties of the plant growing along the roadside near the town of Monsaraz in south Portu
116、gal.The detailed instructions gave the researchers critical clues including the best time to pick the berries. “You need to squeeze the fruits, being careful not to break the seeds, and then to put them on linen (亚麻).” The scientist says the detail was important since broken seeds polluted the pigme
117、nt, producing an inferior quality ink. The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color.Once the key ingredient ha
118、d been identified, the researchers began to determine the dyes molecular structure. To their surprise, they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes it was an entirely new class of color, one they named chrozophoridin. “Chrozophoridin was used in ancient times to make a bea
119、utiful blue dye for painting.” the team wrote in the study. “Thus, we believe that this will not be our final word on this amazing plant and its story and that further discoveries will follow soon.”63. The primary purpose of the study is to _.A. restore and conserve ancient precious artworksB. deter
120、mine the substance making up the foliumC. prove the ancient dye-making technique was organicD. identify which class of color folium belongs to64. The underlined phrase “poring over” in the second paragraph means _.A. discussing publiclyB. testing repeatedlyC. passing directlyD. reading carefully65.
121、What can be learned about the blue dye folium?A. It was essentially an inferior type of ink.B. It was the only kind made from wild berries.C. It could be carried and used easily.D. It was carefully squeezed from broken seeds.66. The article is mainly about _.A. how the mystery of a thousand-year-old
122、 blue dye was solvedB. why the researchers took the trouble to recreate the dyeC. what needs to be done to make an organic dye from a plantD. when and where the discovery of the dye was made【答案】63. B 64. D 65. C 66. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要内容是关于一种成分神秘的蓝色染料，研究小组经过研究发现了这种蓝色染料的关键成分，讲述了千年蓝色染料之谜是如何解开的。【63题详解】细
123、节理解题。根据第一段“However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers from Portugal has finally uncovered the mysterio
124、us ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-purple color that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life. (然而，尽管进行了大量的努力，科学家们仍然无法确定叶绿的来源，叶绿是中世纪（5世纪至15世纪）欧洲一种流行的蓝色染料，用于给手稿上色。现在，一个来自葡萄牙的研究小组终于发现了一种神秘的成分，这种神秘的成分导致了绚丽的蓝紫色，使古老的插图和文字栩栩如生)”可知，研究的最初目的是为了确定“folium(叶绿)”的组成物质，故选B项。【64题详解】短语猜测题
125、。根据划词组所在句“The research team began by poring over instructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. (研究小组首先poring over 12、14和15世纪欧洲染料制造商编写说明书)”以及下文“They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitled The Book on How to Make All the Color Paints for Illu
126、minating Books. However, translating the instructions was no easy task. (他们在15世纪的一本书中找到了他们想要的东西，这本书的题目是如何制作所有用于书籍照明的彩色颜料。然而，翻译说明书并非易事)”可知，研究小组先仔细地阅读了说明书，对其进行研究，所以pouring over意为“仔细阅读”。故选D项。【65题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigmen
127、t during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color. (染色后晾干的亚麻布是古代储存和运输燃料的有效方法。当需要的时候，艺术家会简单地剪下一块布，用水蘸一下，挤出蓝色)”可知，blue dye folium(蓝色染料)便于携带和使用。故选C项。【66题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, despite numerous efforts, scientis
128、ts had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers from Portugal has finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-pur
129、ple color that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life. (然而，尽管进行了大量的努力，科学家们仍然无法确定叶绿的来源，叶绿是中世纪（5世纪至15世纪）欧洲一种流行的蓝色染料，用于给手稿上色。现在，一个来自葡萄牙的研究小组终于发现了一种神秘的成分，这种神秘的成分导致了绚丽的蓝紫色，使古老的插图和文字栩栩如生)”，结合全文对这种蓝色染料成分的研究可知，研究人员已确定染料的关键成分。由此可知，本文主要是关于一种千年蓝色染料之谜是如何解开的。故选A项。Section CDirections: Read the passa
130、ge carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Managing Time with the Pomodoro TechniqueIn work, as well as in life, doing what needs to be done in order to reach our goals can be dif
131、ficult. _67_ Luckily, one of the most efficient and most popular time management techniques is also one of the worlds simplest the Pomodoro Technique.The Pomodoro Technique was developed by Francesco Cirillo in the late 1980s. _68_ Each block is known as a pomodoro, the Italian word for “tomato.” Ci
132、rillo named the system after the tomato-shaped kitchen timer that he used to track his work time when he was studying as a university student. He developed a habit of doing short blocks of work followed by resting periods. He realized this method could help him work with time instead of struggling a
133、gainst it.In 2006, Cirillo published his Pomodoro Technique manual for people to download free of charge. The Pomodoro technique can be applied in almost all parts of our life. It was built around a handful of important steps. First, choose a task that youd like to get done. _69_ What matters is tha
134、t you are ready to give it your full attention.Next, set a timer for 25 minutes. Try to spend the full 25 minutes with your complete attention on the task. Then, when the timer goes off, take a five-minute break. Sit back, have a drink, go for a short walk, or do something else that is not work-rela
135、ted. Once you have completed four of these 30-minute cycles, treat yourself to a longer break that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. _70_After trying the Pomodoro Technique, you may want to experiment a little. Some people have found that 90-minute blocks work best, while others might perform better with more
136、 flexible periods. It varies from person to person. Just remember, like many things in life, simpler is often better!A. In theory, the longer break will allow your brain to relax, reset, and get ready for the next round of Pomodoros.B. Without a good system in place, it is easy to lose focus, waste
137、time, and lose track of our most important tasks.C. While you are working, block out all unnecessary distractions.D. It uses a timer to break down your work into 25-minute blocks separated by short breaks.E. If youre managing a team, have everyone start the Pomodoro at the same time, and do breaks a
138、t the same time.F. It can be something big, something small, or something that youve been putting off for months.【答案】67. B 68. D 69. F 70. A【解析】本文为说明文。文章说明了番茄工作时间管理方法的发明过程与运用方法。【67题详解】下文“Luckily, one of the most efficient and most popular time management techniques is also one of the worlds simplest
139、 the Pomodoro Technique.(幸运是，最有效、最流行的时间管理技巧也是世界上最简单的技巧之一番茄工作法)”说明了解决方法，与B选项“Without a good system in place, it is easy to lose focus, waste time, and lose track of our most important tasks.(没有一个好的系统在适当的位置，很容易失去焦点，浪费时间，并使我们失去跟踪最重要的任务)”说明了问题，形成转折关系。故选B项。【68题详解】上文“The Pomodoro Technique was developed b
140、y Francesco Cirillo in the late 1980s.(番茄工作法是由弗朗西斯科西里洛在20世纪80年代末发明的)”说明了番茄工作法的发明者；下文“Each block is known as a pomodoro, the Italian word for “tomato.” (每块砖都被称为番茄，意为“番茄”)”对番茄的区块进行解说；D选项“It uses a timer to break down your work into 25-minute blocks separated by short breaks.(它用一个计时器把你的工作分成25分钟的时间段，中间有
141、短暂的休息)”起到承上启下的作用。故选D项。【69题详解】上文“First, choose a task that youd like to get done.(首先，选择一个你想要完成的任务)”与F选项“It can be something big, something small, or something that youve been putting off for months.(它可以是大事，也可以是小事，或者是你已经推迟了几个月的事情)”为补充说明关系，F选项对上文进行了补充说明。故选F项。【70题详解】上文“Once you have completed four of th
142、ese 30-minute cycles, treat yourself to a longer break that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. (一旦你完成了这四个30分钟的循环，给自己一个更长的休息时间，持续15到30分钟)”与A项“In theory, the longer break will allow your brain to relax, reset, and get ready for the next round of Pomodoros.(理论上，长时间的休息可以让你的大脑放松、重置，为下一轮番茄工作餐做准备)”为承接关系，A项承接上文，说明了身体得
143、到休息之后的好处。故选A项。IV. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What Is Zero Waste?The goal of the “zero waste” movement is to get rid of all waste from products.
144、 “Zero waste” means using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.Creating a zero waste restaurant is a challenge. It is very difficult to use every part of produce and leave nothing behind. Creating a soup from unused ingredients is a popular
145、 way to use up extra food items. Other ways are more advanced. Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes. Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While its challenging, zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.In the fashion industry, zero waste isnt a new
146、 idea. But in todays world of fast fashion, zero waste is growing more popular. Usually, cutting cloth creates lots of waste. In zero waste fashion, designers try to avoid this. One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way is to design clothing without w
147、asteful cuts.Beyond restaurants and fashion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products. All restaurants need utensils（器皿）. Bakeys is a company that is developing edible（可食用的）utensils. After using them, you can eat them! Their spoons are made of flour and come in all kinds of flavors
148、. While these spoons are not hard enough to cut meat, they are perfect for rice dishes. Meanwhile, Air New Zealand is experimenting with edible coffee cups that are made by the company Twice. They have already introduced a line of flavored cups. After you finish your coffee, you eat the cup, just li
149、ke a cookie!Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world.【答案】Zero waste means eliminating all the wastes from a product and the movement is gaining popularity. Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients o
150、r food leftovers. Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts. Besides, Many companies are creating edible products especially utensils. Hopefully, zero waste campaign can help reduce waste worldwide.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了什么是零浪费。零浪费意味着从一个产品中消除所有的浪费，这
151、个运动越来越流行。一些餐馆正在创造性地使用未使用的配料或食物残羹剩饭。时装设计师要么避免不必要的裁剪布料，要么寻找额外布料的新用途。此外，许多公司正在创造食用产品，特别是餐具。希望零浪费运动可以帮助减少全球的废物。【详解】1 要点摘录1）“Zero waste” means using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.2）Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes.
152、 Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While its challenging, zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.3）One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.4）Beyond restaurants and fash
153、ion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products.5）Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world.2.缜密构思将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点分别概括。3.遣词造句 Zero waste means eliminating all the wastes from a product and the movement is gaini
154、ng popularity.Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers. Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts. Besides, Many companies are creating edible products especially utensils. Hopefully, zero waste campaign
155、can help reduce waste worldwide.【点睛】高分句型1 Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers.运用动词不定式作定语修饰way，对第二段进行概括。高分句型2：Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts.用avoid加动名词作宾语，用either or连接并列成分，对第三段进行概括，表达非常高级。V
156、. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 生活技能课程从教学生如何换灯泡开始。(start)（汉译英）【答案】The life-skill course starts with teaching students how to change a light bulb.【解析】【详解】考查动词，介词、非谓语动词和时态等。表示“生活技能课程”短语（位于句首）为The life-skill course，单数可数名
157、词，作主语；根据句意，谓语动词为start，应为一般现在时，因主语为第三人称单数，主谓一致，所以表示“从开始”短语应为starts with；因介词后需要动名词作宾语，所以表示“教学生如何换灯泡”短语为teaching students how to change a light bulb。故翻译为The life-skill course starts with teaching students how to change a light bulb.73. 社交距离措施实施越久，对人际关系的负面影响就越大。(affect) （汉译英）【答案】The longer social distan
158、cing measures last/are in place/are imposed, the more negatively human relationships will be affected【解析】【详解】考查形容词副词比较级特殊句型，以及动词时态等。表示“越越”句型为the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越久负面（影响）越大”句型为The longerthe more negatively；表示“社交距离措施”短语为social distancing measures，名词复数，作句子前半部分主语；表示“实施”谓语动词可用last或are in place或are imposed
159、；表示“人际关系”短语为human relationships，名词复数，作句子后半部分主语，谓语动词affect与主语是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据句意，可用一般将来时，故表示为will be affected。故翻译为The longer social distancing measures last/are in place/are imposed, the more negatively human relationships will be affected.74. 随着现金提款量的急剧下降，过不了多久，无现金社会就会成为现实。(before) （汉译英）【答案】With a dra
160、matic decline in cash withdrawal, it will not be long before a cashless society becomes a reality. /Before long, a cashless society will become a reality/come into being.【解析】【详解】考查时态、从句和介词。表示“随着”应用介词“WIth”；表示“急剧下降”为“a dramatic decline”做介词With的宾语；“现金提款量”为“in cash withdrawal”限定a dramatic decline；由于句子表
161、示的是将来的情况，故表示“过不了多久”为it will not be long before或者短语Before long；“现金社会”为 a cashless society；“成为”用becomes或者短语come into being。故翻译为With a dramatic decline in cash withdrawal, it will not be long before a cashless society becomes a reality. /Before long, a cashless society will become a reality/come into b
162、eing.。75. 这个年轻人不仅从来没有因为残疾而怨天尤人，反而一直在挑战自己，因为他知道生命太短暂，追梦不迟疑。（Instead）（汉译英）【答案】Instead of blaming fate or others for his disability, the young man has kept challenging himself, for he knows (clearly) that life is too short to hesitate in pursuing ones dream.The young man has never blamed fate or others
163、 for his disability. Instead, he has kept challenging himself, for he knows (clearly) that life is too short to hesitate when it comes to pursuing ones dream.【解析】【详解】考查时态、短语以及原因状语从句。1.表示“这个年轻人”短语为the young man，作主语；因主语的动作对象为主语自身，宾语应用反身代词himself；根据句意，谓语动词应用现在完成时，结构为have+动词过去分词，因主语为单数第三人称，主谓一致，表示“一直挑战自
164、己”，应为has kept challenging himself；表示“从来没有因为残疾而怨天尤人”短语位于句首，可以用Instead of blaming fate or others for his disability；表示“因为他知道生命太短暂，追梦不迟疑”，可用原因状语从句for he knows (clearly) that life is too short to hesitate in pursuing ones dream。2.表示“这个年轻人”短语为the young man，作主语；表示“从来没有因为残疾而怨天尤人”应用现在完成时，结构为have+动词过去分词，因主语为
165、单数第三人称，主谓一致，故为has never blamed fate or others for his disability；表示“反而”（位于句首）为副词Instead；主语应为he；因主语的动作对象为主语自身，宾语应用反身代词himself；根据句意，谓语动词应用现在完成时，结构为have+动词过去分词，因主语为单数第三人称，主谓一致，表示“一直挑战自己”，应为has kept challenging himself；表示“因为他知道生命太短暂，追梦不迟疑”，可用原因状语从句for he knows (clearly) that life is too short to hesitat
166、e when it comes to pursuing ones dream。故翻译为Instead of blaming fate or others for his disability, the young man has kept challenging himself, for he knows (clearly) that life is too short to hesitate in pursuing ones dream.或The young man has never blamed fate or others for his disability. Instead, he
167、 has kept challenging himself, for he knows (clearly) that life is too short to hesitate when it comes to pursuing ones dream.VI. Guided Writing76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.红星中学为了创建文明校园，促进和谐社会，举办题为 “Conflict Manage
168、ment” 的征文比赛。假定你是李林，请给校报投稿，你的文章需包括：1）你亲身经历的最严重或令你最难忘的冲突；2）你对处理冲突的反思或从中学到的经验教训。【答案】 As the saying goes “where there are people, there are rivers and lakes as well”, conflict is inevitable. Two months ago, arguing with my parents seemed natural. My arrogance, as well as my rebelliousness, was constantl
169、y represented by me, so my loving mother and father had to stop smiling at me and began to crack down on me. I went from being a little afraid to ignoring my parents, and with that came a growing conflict. The moment I stepped out of the house, I felt the urge to say goodbye forever. A gust of autum
170、n wind blew, and I seemed to calm a lot. I was the one who started the conflict. My parents did nothing wrong. The endless arguments kept the conflict going every time it ended. It was I who reignited the conflict. After that I came to realize conflict is a natural part of life, and that it is an op
171、portunity to create a better understanding.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于夹叙夹议文，要求考生给给校报投稿，参加学校举办的题为 “Conflict Management” 的征文比赛。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：夹叙夹议文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般过去时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 介绍你亲身经历的最严重或令你最难忘的冲突；2. 你对处理冲突的反思或从中学到的经验教训。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）as the saying goes;arguing with; as we
172、ll as; crack down on me; keep doing; an opportunity to do第三步：连词成句1.Two months ago, arguing with my parents seemed natural.2.My arrogance, as well as my rebelliousness, was constantly represented by me, so my loving mother and father had to stop smiling at me and began to crack down on me. 3.I went f
173、rom being a little afraid to ignoring my parents, and with that came a growing conflict. 4.The moment I stepped out of the house, I felt the urge to say goodbye forever. 5.A gust of autumn wind blew, and I seemed to calm a lot.6.I was the one who started the conflict. 7.My parents did nothing wrong.
174、 8.The endless arguments kept the conflict going every time it ended.9.It was I who reignited the conflict.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermo
175、re, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1I was the one who started the conflict. （我是开始冲突的那个人。）运用了定语从句。高分句型2It was I who reignited the conflict.（是我再次引发冲突。）运用了强调句。高分句型3with that came a growing conflict. （随之而来的是一场日益激烈的冲突。）运用了倒装句。
