1、专题04 冠词2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全【考点详解】【命题解读】 冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的都会涉到冠词。不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。【命题预测】预计2023年高考冠词的考查重点依然以语法填空和短文改错为主。在语法填空中，以不给提示词形式命题。短文改错中，考查冠词的多用与少用，以及冠词之间的混用。【复习建议】1.掌握定冠词的用法2.掌握不定冠词的用法3.掌握零冠词的用法4.固定搭配的积累【思维导图】考点一 （定冠词the的用法）1用在表示特指的人或物的名词前，尤其指上文提到过的(第二次提到的)或谈话双
2、方都明确的人或物，也可指上文未提到但谈话双方都知道的人或物。The dictionary on the desk is mine.书桌上的那本词典是我的。Would you mind turning down the radio a little? The baby is sleeping.请把收音机音量调小点好吗？宝宝在睡觉。2用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。We are living in an age when many t
3、hings can be done on the Internet.我们生活在一个很多事情都可以在因特网上完成的时代。注意有些事物虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。如：space太空，nature自然，man人类等。3用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级前面。Liu Yang is the first woman who has been into space in China.在中国，刘洋是第一位进入太空的女性。He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班个子最高的男孩。【典例剖析】（2022全国卷II） The plum trees are _ firs
4、t to flower even as the snow is melting（融化）.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。在序数词和形容词、副词最高级前面用定冠词the,设空处后面为序数词first，故填定冠词the。4用在表示计量的名词前，如：by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如：by weight/height等。Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.Right, he will also get
5、 paid by the week.据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60,000美元的工作。是的，而且会按周付薪。5用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties went to university for further education.在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修并不罕见。注意“a/an序数词”不表示排序，表示“又一，再一”；另外，不定冠词a用于“most形容词原级”之前无比较含义，表示程度，意为“很，非常”。What disappointed the Chinese m
6、ost is that the national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup a second time， with four points from three matches.最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯，三场比赛只得了四分。Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with？The younger one.He is a most humorous man.那对双胞胎兄弟哪一个较容易相处？较小的那一个，他是一个非常幽默的人。6“动词sb介词the身体某一
7、部位”结构中，定冠词the不可用形容词性物主代词替代。take sb by the arm抓住某人的胳膊An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.一个苹果从树上落下，砸在他的头上。注意在be red in the face （脸红），be lame in the right leg （右腿瘸），be blind in the left eye （左眼盲）等结构中，名词前也要用the。7定冠词与形容词连用，可以表示一类人或事物。the rich富人；the wounded伤员；the true, the good and (the)
8、beautiful真、善、美。8用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。9乐器前一定要加定冠词。Peter likes playing football while I am fond of playing the piano.彼得喜欢踢足球，而我喜欢弹钢琴。二、定冠词的固定搭配in the day time在白天in the end最后，终于in the habit of习惯于make the most/best of充分利用in the distance在
9、远处in the way挡路on the whole总的来说on the right/left在右/左面at the same time同时at the moment此刻for the time being暂时in the public eye广为人知的go to the doctors去看医生by the way顺便说；顺便问一下the other day前几天on the radio/phone通过无线电/电话on the spot在场；到场；立即；马上；当场to tell (you) the truth说实话，老实说go to the cinema去看电影for the most par
10、t通常，多半not in the least (not at all)一点也不on the one hand ., on the other hand . 一方面，另一方面【典例剖析】（2022全国甲卷）It took us about 3 hours to go all _ way around the Xian City Wall.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意“在西安城墙上骑行了一周花了我们大约3个小时。all the way为固定搭配，意为“程，一路上”。故填the。考点二 （不定冠词a, an的用法） （一）、不定冠词的基本用法1不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”，相当于some/
11、a certain，意为“一个”，或首次提到的泛指的人或事物。A young man wants to see you.有个年轻人想见你。Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons，please?Sorry，we dont have a Johnson here in the village.请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走？对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。2抽象名词具体化的情况下，不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物。It is a success for a country to host the Olympic Games.对于一个国
12、家来说，主办奥运会是一件成功的事。3表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个。A teacher must be strict with his students.教师必须严格要求他的学生。【典例剖析】(2022天津)Dont be late for the 9：00 meeting because I am on _ tight schedule and have to catch the 11：00 train.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。分析句子可知，设空处需要填冠词，表示泛指。4用于单数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。The Whites wanted their da
13、ughter to be a musician.怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。5用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前，表示“每一”。The car moves 100 miles an hour.这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。注意（1）不定冠词在句中的位置such a/an单数可数名词；quite a/an单数可数名词；rather a/an单数可数名词。如果修饰名词的形容词前有so， as， too， how等副词，则不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之间。He is as clever a boy as Tom.他是一个像汤姆一样聪明的男孩。It is too diffic
14、ult a book for beginners.这本书对初学者来说太难了。(2)不定冠词a与an的区别以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a，以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况：有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音，即该单词的读音实际上是以元音音素开头的，要使用an，如：an hour，an honest man。有些单词以元音字母开头，但该单词的读音实际上是以辅音音素开头，要使用a，如：a university, a European country。（二）、含有不定冠词的常考短语have a holiday度假make/earn a living谋生get a lift/ride搭便车
15、go on a diet节食as a result因此as a matter of fact事实上as a rule通常，照例have a cold患感冒have a good time玩得高兴have a gift for有的天赋have a word with与谈话have/take a rest休息一下after a while一会儿后in a hurry匆忙地in a sense在某种意义上in a word总之in a moment立刻once in a while偶尔at a loss困惑，不知所措at a distance离一段距离，从远处for a while暂时，一时once
16、 upon a time从前all of a sudden突然a waste of . 的浪费a matter of . 的问题have a population of有人口have a history of有的历史a collection of一批a knowledge of (know)知道an understanding of (understand)懂得注意通常成对出现的物品，一般只用一个不定冠词。如：a knife and fork一副刀叉。考点三 （零冠词的用法）（一）、零冠词的基本用法1表示泛指意义的复数名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、人名、地名等前，一般不加冠词。Sarah
17、 looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.萨拉满意地看着那幅完工的油画。2名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等限定时不再用冠词。She is not my type of woman.她不是我心目中的那类女人。3季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科、球类、棋类等名称前一般不加冠词。Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。注意(1)在有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期及世上独一无二的事物的名词等前时，通常使用不定
18、冠词。I was invited to have a good breakfast and the restaurant we went to was excellent.我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐，并且我们去的餐馆也很好。We had a cold winter last year.去年冬天我们这儿很冷。The old couple sat together, enjoying a bright moon.那对老夫妇坐在一起欣赏一轮明月。(2)抽象名词表示具体事物时，变为可数名词，可被a/an修饰，也可有复数形式。a honour 令人感到荣耀的人或事a pleasure 令人感到高兴的人或事
19、a success 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事a comfort 令人感到安慰的人或事a surprise 令人感到惊讶的人或事a worry 令人感到烦恼的人或事a beauty 美丽的人或事物a wonder 令人感到惊奇的人或事/奇迹a shock 令人感到震惊的人或事4在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。但需注意take a bus, in a boat, on the train/bus结构中需用冠词。5在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词前不加冠词。Child as/though she is, she knows too much Frenc
20、h.尽管她是一个孩子，但她懂很多法语。6系动词turn后跟表职业的名词时，名词前不加冠词。The young girl has turned writer.The young girl has become a writer.这个年轻女孩已经成为一位作家。7no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词前不用冠词。Theres no such thing as a job for life any longer. 不再有像终身职位这样的事了。8不可数名词不能与不定冠词连用。高考中常见的不可数名词有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weathe
21、r, fun, space (太空), advice, progress, information, news, luck, wealth (财产)等。Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.除了星星，那个宇航员只看见太空，看不到别的东西。9称呼语前面不用冠词，表示头衔和职务(这种职务一般只由一人担任)的名词的前面也常不用冠词。What does this word mean, Father?这个词是什么意思，爸爸？Mrs Johnson is director of the office.约翰逊太太是办公室主任。（二）、零冠
22、词的常见固定搭配give way to 给让路 take part in 参加on hand 在手头 by chance/accident 碰巧地on purpose 故意地 for example 例如ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前in debt 负债 by mistake 错误地，无意地under repair 处于维修中 lose heart 灰心day and night 夜以继日地 catch fire 着火from morning till night 从早到晚face to face 面对面地 out of control 失控out of work
23、 失业 in danger 处于危险之中at risk 有危险at dawn/noon/dusk/night 在黎明/正午/黄昏/夜晚in place 在恰当的位置 heart and soul 全心全意地【牛刀小试】 单句填空 1. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things _ same way.2. The little pupil seized his younger brother by _ arm and ran across the street with him.3. Completing such
24、 a heavy task in such a short time is actually _ great challenge to us.4. Scientists have many theories about how _universe came into existence.5. It took us about three hours to go all _ way around the Xian City Wall.6. The plums are _ first to flower even as the snow is melting.7. Due to _ growing
25、 popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.8. The plums are _ first to flower even as the snow is melting.9. Of _ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and
26、 nine lack enough data.10. When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was _ joke. 11. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give running _try.12. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent ove
27、r past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.13. Experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso.14. India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle.15. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.16. The nursery team switches him
28、every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed. _ other is with mum-she never suspects.17. Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while ,exercising , or doing something you enjoy.18. _ prize for the winner of the competition is _ two-week holiday in Paris.19.
29、 Animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man.20. In Chinese, _ date 2013-1-4 has similar pronunciation to “love you for lifetime”, making it _ most lucky and romantic day.21. My grandmother was loved by all _ people around her.She was known to be _ wise and kind woman, who was able to do t
30、hings well even in her last years.【答案】: 1. the 2.the 3.a 4. the 5. the 6. the 7. the 8. the 9. the 10. a 11. a 12. the 13.the, a 14. /, a 15.a, a 16.the 17. a 18.The, a 19.a, / 20.a 21. the, a单项选择1In one experiment, Wang Yaping used a Bing Dwen Dwen toy, _ popular mascot of _Beijing 2022 Olympic Win
31、ter Games, to display how objects fly in weightless environment.Aa; theBthe; /Ca; /Dthe; the2Jack was playing _ guitar while I was playing _ soccer.Aa; /Bthe; /C/; theD/; a3From _ top of Mount Tai, you can get _ wonderful view of sunrise.Aa; theBthe; aCa; /Dthe; /4My daughter seldom has _dinner.It i
32、s _unhealthy habit. You must ask her to change it.A/; anBthe; anC/; aDthe; a5He was on _ phone when I paid _ visit to him yesterday.Athe; aBthe; theC不填; theDthe; 不填6Soon after an earthquake _ 7.4 struck northeastern Japan on March 16, experts on emergency rescue were called in to give those victims
33、_ first aid.Ameasured, /Bmeasured, theCmeasuring, /Dmeasuring, the7I couldnt remember _ exact date of the Picasso exhibition, but I knew it was _ Saturday.Athe; aBthe; theCan; aDan; /8Are you in _ favor of the plan?No, but my opinion will not make _ difference.Aa; aB/; aCa; theD/; the9What were you
34、doing at 2 oclock yesterday afternoon?I was playing _ football.AaBtheCanD/10Chinese usually set off crackers during_Spring Festivals.AaBanCtheD/11Jenny didnt remember the exact date of the storm, but she knew it was _ Sunday because she was at _ church.Aa; theBa; /Cthe; aDthe; /12Tom was happy to ge
35、t a chance to play _football for the school team.AaBanCtheD不填13Paris is _ most beautiful city, where you can see _ famous Eiffel Tower.A/, theBa, /Cthe, anDa, the14The enemy took _ control of the city. In other words, all the city was under _ control of the enemy.Athe; theBthe; /C/ ; theDa; the15How
36、 about _ Christmas evening party?I should say it was _ success.Aa;aBa;/Cthe;/Dthe;a16Going from junior high school to senior high school is _ really big challenge. The first week was _ little confusing.Athe; theBa; aCa; /D/; /17_ article is really good. Who wrote it?_ college student called Tom.AA;
37、TheBAn; TheCThe; ADThe; An18In my hometown there used to be _ heavy rain now and then, and the river around _ town rose a lot after the rain.Aa, aB/, /Ca, theD/, a19Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for painting.Aa; aBan; theCan; aDthe; a20My mother asked me to repeat _telephone n
38、umber _second time so that she could write it down.Athe ; aBan ; theCan ; aDthe ; the【参考答案】1D【详解】考查冠词用法。句意：在一次试验中，王亚平用北京2022年冬奥会吉祥物，一个冰墩墩玩具来演示物体在失重环境如何飞行。第一空应用定冠词the特指奥运会的吉祥物；第二空应用定冠词the特指2022年北京冬奥会。故选D项。2B【详解】考查冠词。句意：杰克在弹吉他，而我在踢足球。表示演奏乐器时，乐器前面使用定冠词the， 球类前使用零冠词。故选B。3B【详解】考查冠词。句意：从泰山顶上，你可以看到日出的美妙景色。
39、第一空用定冠词the特指泰山的顶上，view表示“景色”，是可数名词，此处表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，wonderful是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a，故选B。4A【详解】考查冠词。句意：我女儿很少吃晚饭。这是一个不健康的习惯。你必须让她把它换掉。have dinner吃晚饭，一日三餐前不加冠词；名词habit为可数名词。表示一个健康的习惯，用不定冠词a/an，同时unhealthy以元音音素开头的，因此用不定冠词an。故选A。5A【详解】考查冠词。句意：昨天我去拜访他时，他正在打电话。 on the phone意为“在打电话”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。pay a visit to
40、sb意为“拜访某人”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用不定冠词a。故选A。6C【详解】考查非谓语动词和冠词。句意：3月16日，日本东北部发生里氏7.4级地震后不久，紧急救援专家被召集到现场，对灾民进行急救。分析可知，空1处为非谓语动词，measure“量度为”无被动，和前文名词earthquake之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作后置定语；名词aid为不可数名词，first aid“急救”是固定短语，零冠词表泛指。故选C项。7A【详解】考查冠词。句意：我不记得毕加索画展的确切日期了，但我知道那天是星期六。分析句子且根据句意可知，第一空是特指“毕加索画展的确切日期”，故填定冠词the；第二空是泛指“某一个
41、星期六”，故填不定冠词a。故选A项。8B【详解】考查冠词。句意：你赞成这个计划吗？不赞成，但是我的观点没什么影响。be in favor of支持，赞同，固定短语，故第一空是零冠词；make a difference有影响，固定短语，故第二空填a。故选B项。9D【详解】考查冠词。句意：昨天下午两点你在干什么？我在踢足球。play football踢足球，一般球类前不加冠词。故选D项。10C【详解】考查冠词。句意：中国人通常在春节期间放爆竹。根据常识可知，中国的传统节日前面需加定冠词the，the Spring Festival“春节”。故选C。11B【详解】考查冠词。句意：Jenny记不得暴风
42、雨的具体日期了，但她知道那是一个周日，因为她在做礼拜。结合句意，泛指一个“周日”应用不定冠词；“做礼拜”为固定表达at church。故选B。【点睛】12D【详解】考查冠词。句意：汤姆很高兴有机会为校队踢足球。根据句型结构和句意分析可知，play football表“踢足球”，为固定短语，football前不需要加任何冠词。故选D项。13D【详解】考查冠词。句意：巴黎是一座非常美丽的城市，在那里你可以看到著名的埃菲尔铁塔。A. /, the /，这个；B.a, /一个，/；C.the, an 这个，一个；D. a, the 一个，这个。根据句意可知，巴黎是一座非常美丽的城市，句中没有比较的范围
43、，所以most在这里不是最高级，而是副词“非常”，空处修饰city，为泛指“一个城市”，所以第一个空要用不定冠词a；Eiffel Tower 为世界上独一无二的事物，所以要用定冠词the。故选D。14C【详解】考查冠词的搭配。句意：敌人控制了这座城市。换句话说，整个城市都在敌人的控制之下。take control of“控制”固定短语，第一句，表示敌人主动控制了城市，用take control of，零冠词；第二句，表示“城市处于敌人控制之下”，特指“敌人的控制”，要在control前面加定冠词the，under the control of“在的控制之下”。故选C项。 15D【详解】考查冠词
44、。句意：圣诞节晚会怎么样？我应该说它非常成功。结合语境，第一空处特指说话人提到的圣诞节晚会，应用定冠词the修饰名词词组；第二空为抽象名词具体化，a success“一件成功的事”。综上，故选D。16B【详解】考查冠词。句意：从初中到高中是一个大的挑战。第一周就有点令人迷惑。根据a big challenge(一个大的挑战）可知空格1处填不定冠词 a；根据a little( 有点），用来修饰形容词confusing，表示程度。可知空格处2填不定冠词 a。故选B。17C【详解】考查冠词。句意：这篇文章真的很好。谁写的？一个叫汤姆的大学生。两个人在讨论同一篇文章，因此用定冠词the，指双方都知道的
45、一篇文章；“一个叫汤姆的大学生”泛指一个，用不定冠词，且college 发音以辅音音素开头，故选C。【点睛】18C【详解】考查冠词。句意：在我的家乡，有时会下大雨，雨后城镇周围的河水涨了很多。A. a, a一个，一个；B. /, /（无），（无）；C. a, the一个，那个；D. /, a（无），一个。第一空，结合语意，有时会下大雨，表示泛指一场雨，空处应用不定冠词a；第二空，结合语意，特指被河流围绕的城镇，空处应用定冠词the。故选C项。19C【详解】考查冠词。句意：泰勒太太有一个8岁的女儿，她有绘画方面的天赋。A:a(一个); a(一个);B: an(一个); the（这个）;C:an(一个); a(一个);D:the（这个）; a(一个).第一个设空处表泛指，应用不定冠词，因 8-year-old为元音因素开头，应用an，第二个设空处为固定短语have a gift for有.天赋。故选C。20A【详解】考查不定冠词和定冠词。句意：我妈妈让我再重复一遍电话号码，这样她就可以写下来了。根据句意“so that she could write it down”可知，妈妈要“我”重复一遍这个电话号码，这样她能把这个号码记下来，此处“电话号码”是特指，应用定冠词the，a second time是固定搭配，表示“再次”，故选A。
