1、七宝中学2020学年度第二学期高一期中测试考试时间：120分钟 满分150分I. Listening Comprehension (30)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only o
2、nce. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A new bookstore. B. A new road. C. Good novels. D. The past history.2. A. He is a doctor of surgery. B. He was hurt
3、 yesterday because of an accident.C. He injured his back yesterday just by sneezing. D. He wants to look for a job at hospital.3. A. Excited. B. Serious. C. Impatient. D. Disappointed.4. A. Xian. B. Chengdu. C. At home. D. In the company.5. A. She lives a healthy life now. B. She has a habit of drin
4、king orange juice.C. He is too careful about his diet. D. He is used to taking regular exercise.6. A. Sun. B. Water. C. Fertilizer. D. Soil.7. A. Some courses on reading. B. Some courses on writing.C. The habit of keeping a diary. D. Her potential talent.8. A. She is too busy to take exercises. B. S
5、he doesnt have enough money.C. Its unnecessary for her to take some lessons. D. She has never planned to play tennis.9. A. The park is far away from their home.B. He hates to walk to the park.C. He wants to drive his car to another park.D. It will be faster for them to drive to the park rather than
6、walk.10. A. He is adding and reading the numbers. B. He is checking the financial report.C. He is rewriting the numbers of the report. D. He is trying to make the budget limited.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be aske
7、d several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the questi
8、on you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. When they go forth into an area that they are unfamiliar with.B. When they are qualified to bring the story back.C. When they start an urgent project.D. When they have never written the same subject.12. A. Because he
9、 is a baseball fan all his life.B. Because he has interviewed a professional athlete.C. Because they are moved by the speakers sincerity.D. Because the speaker has done some sports reporting before.13. A. Broaden the story with their own strength. B. Grow up happily and luckily.C. Get some unexpecte
10、d results. D. Become a productive writer.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Creativity is production of something original and useful.B. Creativity happens on the right side of the brain.C. Creativity s related to the freedom from concrete facts.D. Everyone has his spe
11、cial creativity.15. A. By focusing on obvious facts and familiar solutions to see if the answer lies there.B. By scanning remote memories that could be vaguely relevant.C. By focusing our attention to search for a wide range of distant information.D. By cutting off the connection it may have with th
12、e problem before it escapes.16. A. The common sense about the production of creativity.B. The both sides of the brain working together to creativity.C. A sense of pleasure produced by the creativity.D. How difficult that we come up with a new single idea.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the foll
13、owing conversation.17. A. Their plan for the summer vacation. B. The womans new job.C. Peters experience of volunteer. D. The spirit of activities.18. A. Supervising a volunteer program in a non-profit art gallery.B. Cleaning up the gallery every weekend.C. Donating cash and other things.D. Offering
14、 some part-time jobs to the young.19. A. Taking part in activities that are respected.B. Taking part in activities that are creative.C. Taking part in activities that you show enthusiasm for.D. Taking part in activities youre responsible for.20. A. Fund. B. Persistence. C. Acknowledgement. D. Respec
15、t.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20+20)Section A (A)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word tha
16、t best fits each blank.After two weeks in Finland enjoying a much-needed family vacation, I was home in California checking my mail when I saw a letter from the IRS (国税局), I thought, Finally! Theyve sent my refund! Wrong. It was a letter _1_ (say) my identity theft claim had been received and they o
17、pened a case. The odd thing was, I had never filed a claim. I was puzzled, so the first thing I did was call the IRS. I found out that someone had filed _2_ tax return in my name in January, two months before I usually file. He or she had created a direct deposit account with no name specified and h
18、as also filed a change of address _3_ my mail would be redirected to an old address of mine._4_ the criminal investigation unit of the IRS had signaled that tax return as fraudulent (欺诈的), a $1400 refund was still sent to the direct deposit account with no name _5_ (attach) to it. I couldnt believe
19、it. When my real return arrived in March, the IRS realized that identity theft _6_ (occur) and began sending me letters informing me _7_ the theft and the delay of my refund. But I never got those letters because they were sent to my old address and then stolen.I had a real mess to clean up. I had t
20、o file a form requesting that the IRS trace my refund to see _8_ had received it. The rep also said that I needed to call the Federal Trade Commission, the Social Security office, my bank, my tax preparer, and one of the credit bureaus _9_ (alert) them about what had happened. I also got a special P
21、IN to put on my returns going forward, _10_ (indicate) that I had experienced identity theft.I finally got my refund money months later. I never found out who stole my identity or whether the crook or crooks were ever caught. I will have to take precautions for the rest of my life.【答案】1. saying 2. a
22、 3. so that 4. Although 5. attached 6. had occurred 7. of 8. who 9. to alert 10. indicating【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者两周后在芬兰享受一个急需的家庭度假，收到一封来自美国国税局的信，结果发现信息被盗，原来有人在一月份以作者的名义提交了纳税申报单，比作者通常提交的时间要早两个月。几个月后，作者终于拿到了退款，并感叹从来没有发现是谁盗用了我的身份，也没有发现哪个或哪些骗子有没有被抓住，余生都得小心谨慎。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：是一封来信，说我的身份盗窃索赔已经收到，他们开了一个案
23、件。分析句子结构，was为系动词，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语， a letter和say为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填saying。【2题详解】考查冠词。句意：我发现有人在一月份以我的名义提交了纳税申报单，比我通常提交的时间要早两个月。 tax return 为可数名词，此处表示泛指，tax发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。【3题详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：他或她在没有指定姓名的情况下开立了一个直接存款账户，还更改了地址，这样我的邮件就会被转到我的旧地址。so that表目的，我的账户被小偷利用，目的就是把我的邮箱给替换了。故填so that。【4题详解】考查让步状语从句。句
24、意：尽管美国国税局的刑事调查单位已经暗示，纳税申报表是欺诈，一个1400美元的退款还发送给直接存款账户不附加任何名字。Although尽管，表让步，这里表示退款还是直接存款账户不附加任何名字。故填Although。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管美国国税局的刑事调查单位已经暗示，纳税申报表是欺诈，一个1400美元的退款还发送给直接存款账户不附加任何名字。因为attach无name是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填attached。【6题详解】考查动词时态。句意：我简直不敢相信。当我真正的退货在3月份到达时，美国国税局意识到身份被盗，开始给我写信，通知我被盗和我的退款延迟。根据
25、空前“When my real return arrived in March,”可知，故事发生在过去，而且偷盗信息是在过去的过去发生的，因此这里要用过去完成时。故填had occurred。【7题详解】考查介词。句意：我简直不敢相信。当我真正的退货在3月份到达时，美国国税局意识到身份被盗，开始给我写信，通知我被盗和我的退款延迟。inform sb. of sth.为固定短语，意为“通知某人某事,把事告诉某人”。故填of。【8题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我不得不提交一份表格，要求国税局追踪我的退款，看谁收到了。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语而且指人，需用连接代词who引导。故填who。【9题详
26、解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位代表还说，我需要打电话给联邦贸易委员会、社会保障办公室、我的银行、我的报税员，以及一个信用机构，提醒他们所发生的事情。to do 不定式表目的，打电话就是为了提醒他们所发生的事情。故填to alert。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我还得到了一个特殊的密码，用于以后的退货，这表明我经历过身份盗窃。分析句子结构，got为动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，主语和indicate为逻辑上主谓关系。故填indicating。(B)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to mak
27、e the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never _11_ (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unkn
28、own. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with _12_. In most of the communities _13_ social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers
29、 and girls _14_ (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world._15_ is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries _16_ how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, m
30、echanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present _17_ is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on loc
31、al customs and ways of life _18_ toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehiclesBecause toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been likely to be influenced by technological leaps _19_ character
32、ize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓)used by a baby in 3,000 BC to _20_ used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic
33、tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.【答案】11. to have been 12. others 13. where 14. are being prepared/are prepared 15. What 16. but 17. that 18. because 19. that/which 20. one【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玩具的发展与变化。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：似乎从来就没有一个没有玩具的文明，但它们是何时以及如何发展起来的，我们不得
34、而知。seem to do sth.似乎要做某事，这里用不定式的完成式表示该动作已经发生过了。故填to have been。【12题详解】考查代词。句意：在古代，和今天一样，大多数男孩玩某些种类的玩具，而大多数女孩则玩其他种类的玩具。这里代指前面的复数名词toys，表示“其他种类的玩具”。故填others。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在大多数社会角色被严格规定的社区中，男孩按照他们父亲的活动来安排他们的游戏，而女孩正在为进入成人世界的角色和责任做准备，甚至在游戏中也是如此。句中先行词为communities，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。与故填where。14题详
35、解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：在大多数社会角色被严格规定的社区中，男孩按照他们父亲的活动来安排他们的游戏，而女孩正在为进入成人世界的角色和责任做准备，甚至在游戏中也是如此。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时；或表示动作正在进行，所以用现在进行时。主语girls与prepare之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are being prepared/are prepared。【15题详解】考查主语从句。句意：在玩具的历史上，值得注意的不是它们在过去的几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而是它们保持了多少不变。本句为主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用what引导。故填What。【16题详解】考查连词。句意：
36、在玩具的历史上，值得注意的不是它们在过去的几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而是它们保持了多少不变。前后句为转折关系，所以用转折词but。故填but。【17题详解】考查强调句。句意：令人惊奇的是，玩具在世界各地发展的普遍性，以及它们至今的持久性。本句为强调句，强调句结构为It is + 强调部分 + that从句。本句强调主语the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present 。故填that。【18题详解】考查原
37、因状语从句。句意：由于玩具模仿周围环境，所以变化取决于当地的风俗和生活方式。根据句意可知，前后句为因果关系，后句介绍变化的原因。故填because。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：因为玩具通常被视为一种艺术形式，它们不太可能受到技术飞跃的影响，而技术飞跃是成人发明的特征。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为technological leaps，在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that或which。【20题详解】考查代词。句意：然而，从公元前3000年婴儿使用的拨浪鼓到今天婴儿使用的拨浪鼓，并没有什么发明的特征。代词one为泛指，指代前面提到的rattle。故填one。
38、Section B(A)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. tracking B. scale C. resembles D. implemented AB. associated AC. prescribedAD. calculated BC. approximately BD. actually CD. experi
39、menting ABC. participatingWhen is healthy food the best medicine? When it is free.That old saying “An apple a day keeps the doctor away” may hold some truth. In fact, one study found that in 2012, almost half of the deaths in America caused by heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes were linked t
40、o poor diet.But knowing you should eat healthfully and _21_ doing it are two different things, and making the right choice isnt any easier when a pound of grapes costs more than twice as much as a pound of pasta. The Fresh Food Pharmacy aims to change that. A pilot program created by the Geisinger H
41、ealth System, a hospital network in Pennsylvania and southern New Jersey, this pharmacy _22_ a grocery store stocked with fresh produce, lean meats, canned beans, and more. Even better, it is all free. Under the program, patients with type 2 diabetes and qualifying income are _23_ a week worth of fo
42、od for their entire household, and dieticians show them how to transform it into healthy meals. After the first year, all 180 participants had improved in key health measurements, in particular their hemoglobin A1c levels (HbA1c), the gold standard for _24_ blood sugar control.In 2012, the estimated
43、 costs _25_ with diabetes in the United States were $245 billion. Geisinger spent only about $1000 annually on each food-pharmacy patient. David Feinberg, Geisingers president and CEO, _26_ that “a decrease in HbA1c of one point could save us about $8000.” With many of the patients dropping three po
44、ints, the program could save $24000 or more a year in health-care costsas well as reduce the risk of amputation, blindness, and other complications.Geisinger isnt the only organization _27_ with produce prescriptions. Nonprofits, food banks, hospitals, and even doctors offices around the country hav
45、e _28_ programs that bring the “food is medicine” concept to life. Boston Medical Centers Preventive Food Pantry was the first such program in the country when it opened in 2001. Today it serves _29_ 7000 patients a month. In 2010, the nonprofit organization Wholesome Wave started the Fruit and Vege
46、table Rx program. Doctors give each family member $1 per day to spend at a _30_ farmers market or grocery store. The program has helped more than 11000 low-income patients.【答案】21. BD 22. C 23. AC 24. A 25. AB 26. AD 27. CD 28. D 29. BC 30. ABC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国一家药房创建的一个试点项目，指导患者健康饮食，让患者减少医疗费
47、用。【21题详解】考查副词。句意：但知道健康饮食和实际行动是两码事，当一磅葡萄的价格是一磅意大利面的两倍多时，做出正确的选择并不容易。修饰动词doing，用副词形式。副词actually，意为“实际上”。故选BD。【22题详解】考查动词。句意：由宾夕法尼亚州和新泽西州南部的医院网络盖辛格健康系统(Geisinger Health System)创建的试点项目，这家药店就像一家杂货店，里面存放着新鲜农产品、瘦肉、罐装豆类等等。句中缺少谓语动词，根据文章时态可知，用一般现在时。主语this pharmacy为单数，所以用第三人称单数形式。动词resemble，意为“像”。故选C。【23题详解】考查
48、动词。句意：在这个项目中，2型糖尿病患者和有资格收入的人被要求为他们的整个家庭提供相当于一周的食物，营养学家向他们展示如何将其转化为健康的食物。句中主语patients与prescribe为被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据句中are可知，用动词的过去分词形式。动词prescribed，意为“开处方，指示”。故选AC。【24题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一年之后，所有180名参与者的主要健康指标都有所改善，特别是他们的糖化血红蛋白水平(HbA1c)，这是跟踪血糖控制的黄金标准。介词for后接动名词形式。动词track，意为“跟踪”。故选A。【25题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2012年，美国与糖
49、尿病相关的费用估计为2450亿美元。be associated with与相联系，在句中作定语，修饰名词costs，所以用过去分词形式。故选AB。【26题详解】考查动词。句意：盖辛格的总裁兼首席执行官大卫范伯格(David Feinberg)计算出“糖化血红蛋白水平每下降1点，就可以为我们节省约8000美元。”句中缺少谓语动词，且陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。动词calculate，意为“计算”。故选AD。【27题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：盖辛格并不是唯一一个尝试生产处方的组织。名词organization与experiment之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。动词experiment，意
50、为“尝试”。故选CD。【28题详解】考查动词。句意：全国各地的非营利组织、食品银行、医院、甚至医生办公室都实施了一些项目，将“食品即药物”的理念付诸实践。根据句中have可知，用完成时，所以用动词的过去分词形式。动词implement，意为“实施”。故选D。【29题详解】考查副词。句意：如今，它每月为大约7000名患者提供服务。修饰动词serves，用副词形式。副词approximately，意为“大约”。故选BC。【30题详解】考查形容词。句意：医生每天给每个家庭成员1美元，让他们在参与的农贸市场或杂货店消费。修饰名词farmers market or grocery store，用形容词形
51、式。形容词participating，意为“一起参加的”。故选ABC。(B)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. demand B. celebrity C. species D. evolutionary AB. remarkable AC. elaborateAD. note BC. colonizing BD. es
52、tablishing CD. popularity ABC. hungerThis is a story about a book that just kept selling, catching publishers, booksellers and even its author off guard. The book is Sapiens, by the Israeli academic Yuval Noah Harari, published in the UK in September 2014. It is a recondite(深奥的) work of_31_ history
53、charting the development of humankind through a scholarly examination of our ability to cooperate as a _32_.Sapiens sold well on publication, particularly when it came out in paperback in the summer of 2015. What is _33_ about it, though, is that its still selling in vast numbers. Sapiens has sold a
54、 further half million copies, _34_ itself firmly at the top of the bestseller lists. The books wild success is symptomatic of a broader trend in our book-buying habits: an increase in the _35_ of intelligent, challenging nonfiction often books that are several years old.It was trade publication, the
55、 Bookseller, that was the first to _36_ the rise of what it called the “brainy backlist”. It also highlighted a fall in the sales of the books that had been such a staple(必需) of publishers catalogues_37_ biographies. We are turning away from exciting but disposable stories of fame towards more serio
56、us, thoughtful, quiet books that help us understand our place in the world. Mark Richards, publisher at John Murray Press, sees the return to serious works of nonfiction as a response to the spirit of the age. “People have a _38_ both for information and facts, and for exploration of issues, of a so
57、rt that books are in a prime position to provide.” he says.In the end, the story of Sapiens is about a book becoming part of a national conversation. At a time when politics is more furious(愤怒) and fragmented(破碎的) than ever, when technology is _39_ our everyday existence, when medicine is reshaping
58、our lives, we still look to books to make sense of things, to feel ourselves part of a great communal effort to understand our age. These are serious time and they _40_ serious, intelligent and challenging books.【答案】31. D 32. C 33. AB 34. BD 35. CD 36. AD 37. B 38. ABC 39. BC 40. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章
59、主要介绍了畅销书人类简史为何会成为现象级出版物。【31题详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一部关于进化史的深奥作品，通过从学术视角检验人类作为一个物种所具有的协作能力，记录了人类的发展。空处应填一个形容词作定语，修饰名词history；结合句意及“charting the development of humankind”可知，evolutionary“进化的”符合语境。故选D项。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：这是一部关于进化史的深奥作品，通过从学术视角检验人类作为一个物种所具有的协作能力，记录了人类的发展。空处应填名词作宾语；结合句意可知，species“物种”符合语境。故选C项。【33题详解】考
60、查形容词。句意：然而，值得注意的是，它仍在大量销售。空处应填一个形容词作表语；结合句意和“its still selling in vast numbers”可知，remarkable“卓越的，值得注意的”符合语境。故选AB项。【34题详解】考查动词。句意：人类简史已加售五十万册，确立了冠军畅销书的位置。空处应填动词的非谓语形式；结合句意可知，establish“确立”符合题意，动词establish和逻辑主语Sapiens之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故选BD项。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：该书的巨大成功反应了我们购书习惯中的一个更广泛的趋势，那就是智慧类的、具有挑战性的非虚构作品受
61、到追捧，销量突增，且这些作品通常已经出版几年了。空处应填一个名词作宾语；结合句意及“The books wild success”可知，popularity“流行，普及”符合语境。故选CD项。【36题详解】考查动词。句意：贸易出版杂志 Bookseller 是第一个注意到此类图书的崛起的，它将其称为“烧脑存书目录”。空前的to是不定式符号，故空处应填一个动词原形；结合句意可知，note“注意”符合语境。故选AD项。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：该杂志同时也强调，出版商们的常年主打书目名人传记类书籍的销量随之下降了。结合句意可知，celebrity“名人”符合语境，作定语修饰名词biograph
62、ies。故选B项。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：他说：“人们渴望信息和真相，也渴求对议题进行探索，想要满足这种渴求，书籍是不二之选。”空处应填一个名词作宾语；结合句意可知，hunger“渴望”符合语境。故选ABC项。【39题详解】考查动词。句意：在一个政治活动比以往任何时候都怒不可遏和支离破碎的时代，在一个科技殖民着我们的日常生活的时代，在一个医学重塑着我们的生命的时代，我们仍然盼望着书本能帮助我们理解万物，能让我们感觉自己是群体努力的一份子，帮助我们去理解所处的时代。空处所在句式和后面的when medicine is reshaping our lives一致，所以空处应填动词的现在分词形
63、式；结合句意可知，colonizing“开始殖民”符合语境。故选BC项。【40题详解】考查动词。句意：这是严肃的时代，它们需要严肃的、有智慧的、有挑战性的书本与之呼应。分析句子可知，空处是谓语动词，句子时态是一般现在时，主语是they，故空处填动词原形；结合句意可知，demand“需要”符合语境。故选A项。III. Reading Comprehension （30+30）Section A. Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C an
64、d D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013. In fact, for decades, there has been a general _41_ trend in the number of accidents per departure.Complex systems are more like
65、ly to suffer from failures, but commercial aviation (航空) seems to be a(n) _42_. Since the 1960s, U.S. commercial aviation has become significantly more complex, and yet, flying has become safer. What lies behind this remarkable trend is a handful of smart approaches to_43_. Here are two of them.1. T
66、each people to speak upand to listenA common error during airplane accidents used to be the _44_ of first officers to question the captains poor decisions. When the captain was flying the airplane, he was hard to challenge, and his mistakes went _45_.All this began to change in the late 1970s with a
67、 training program known as Crew Resource Management (CRM). The program revolutionized the _46_ not just of the cockpit (机舱) but also of the whole industry. It reframed safety as a _47_ issue and put all crew members on more equal footing. It was no longer _48_ to question the decisions of a superior
68、; it was required. And CRM taught crew members the language of disagreement.The lesson isnt simply that people lower down in the _49_ should speak up and higher-ups should listen. What CRM has shown is that people can be taught to speak up and to listen. The ability to express and embrace _50_ isnt
69、hardwired in our personality or cultural background; its a skill we can learn.2 Learn from small failures and close callsIn 1976, the US Federal Aviation Administration created an industry-wide system to collect safety reports. The Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) collects thousands of report
70、s each month. Beyond receiving immunity (豁免权) for a mistake, its a point of _51_ for pilots to submit ASRS reports. They know the reports make air travel safer. The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone can_52_, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) highlights sa
71、fety trends in its monthly newsletter, Callback.Here, too, there is a _53_ lesson. Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might _54_ in our system. Mistakes shouldnt be _55_. By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures, we can treat errors as an opportunit
72、y to learn.41. A. similarB. steadyC. long-termD. downward42. A. exampleB. exceptionC. symbolD. alternative43. A. assessmentB. managementC. competitionD. contribution44. A. failureB. effortC. pressureD. convenience45. A. predictableB. imaginaryC. uncheckedD. incomplete46. A. staffB. structureC. cultu
73、reD. concern47. A. teamB. stateC. sideD. policy48. A. immoralB. unnecessaryC. disrespectfulD. inconvenient49. A. ageB. positionC. salaryD. attractiveness50. A. excitementB. discomfortC. respectD. disagreement51. A. prideB. sacrificeC. entertainmentD. intelligence52. A. createB. affordC. analyzeD. ac
74、cess53. A. broaderB. clearerC. more bitterD. more costly54. A. break outB. go wrongC. take shapeD. slow down55. A. obstaclesB. failuresC. experimentsD. secrets【答案】41. D 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. D 51. A 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在美国，自2013年以来，没有商业航空事故造成死亡以及
75、导致事故数量一直呈下降趋势背后的两条明智的管理方法。【41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，几十年来，每次出发的事故数量一直呈下降趋势。A. similar类似的；B. steady稳定的；C. long-term长期的；D. downward向下的。根据前文 “there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013.”(自2013年以来，没有商业航空事故造成死亡。) 可知，事故数量一直呈下降趋势。故选D项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：复杂的系统更容易遭受失败,但商业航空似乎是一个例外。A.
76、 example示例；B. exception例外；C. symbol象征；D. alternative替代物。根据上文 “Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures, but”(复杂的系统更容易遭受失败,但) 可知，与上文构成转折，所以商业航空似乎是一个例外。故选B项。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一引人注目的趋势背后，是一些明智的管理方法。A. assessment评估；B. management管理；C. competition竞争；D. contribution贡献。根据下文 “Here are two of
77、 them.”(这里是其中的两个) 、 “Teach people to speak upand to listen”(教人们大声的表达不同意见，并学会倾听)及“Learn from small failures and close calls”(从小的失败和险情中学习)可知，下文是提到的两种主要管理方法，所以导致事故下降的趋势背后，是因为有一些明智的管理方法。故选B项。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在飞机事故中一个常见的错误是副驾驶没能质疑机长的错误决定。A. failure失败；B. effort努力； C. pressure压力； D. convenience方便。根据下文 “W
78、hen the captain was flying the airplane, he was hard to challenge”(当机长驾驶飞机时，他很难被质疑) 可知，副驾驶没能质疑机长的错误决定。故选A项。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当机长驾驶飞机时，他很难被质疑，他的错误没有得到控制。A. predictable可预测的；B. imaginary假想的；C. unchecked未受约束的；D. incomplete不完整的。根据前文“When the captain was flying the airplane, he was hard to challenge”(当机
79、长驾驶飞机时，他很难被质疑) 可知，机长驾驶飞机时，他的错误没有得到控制。故选C项。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：项目不仅彻底改变了机舱的文化,还改变了整个行业。A. staff员工；B. structure结构；C. culture文化；D. concern担忧。根据下文 “It was no longer 8 to question the decisions of a superior; it was required. And CRM taught crew members the language of disagreement.”(质疑上级的决定不再是不尊重;这是必需的。C
80、RM教会了机组人员表达分歧的语言。) 可知，项目彻底改变了机舱的文化。故选C项。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它将安全重新定义为一个团队问题，并将所有机组人员置于更平等的地位。A. team团队；B. state状态；C. side方面；D. policy政策。根据下文 “and put all crew members on more equal footing.”(并将所有机组人员置于更平等的地位。) 可知，安全是一个团队问题而不是个人问题。故选A项。【48题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：质疑上级的决定不再是不尊重;这是必需的。A. immoral不道德的；B. unnecess
81、ary不必要的；C. disrespectful不尊重的；D. inconvenient不便的。根据前文“and put all crew members on more equal footing.”(并将所有机组人员置于更平等的地位。)及后文“it was required.”(这是必需的。)可知，人人是平等的，质疑上级的决定不再被认为对上级的不尊重。故选C项。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个教训不仅仅是低层的人应该畅所欲言，高层应该倾听。A. age年龄；B. position职位； C. salary薪水；D. attractiveness吸引力。根据下文 “and high
82、er-ups should listen.”(高层应该倾听。) 可知，此处指职位低的，低层的人。故选B项。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：表达和接纳不同意见的能力并非与生俱来于我们的个性或文化背景中;这是一种我们可以学习的技能。A. excitement兴奋；B. discomfort不适；C. respect尊重；D. disagreement分歧。根据下文 “And CRM taught crew members the language of disagreement.”(CRM教会了所有机组人员表达分歧的语言。) 可知，此处指表达和接纳不同意见的能力。故选D项。【51题详解】考查
83、名词词义辨析。句意：除了接受豁免权的错误, 对于一名飞行员来说提交航空安全系统的报告是他的一个骄傲。A. pride骄傲；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. entertainment娱乐；D. intelligence情报。根据上文 “In 1976, the US Federal Aviation Administration created an industry-wide system to collect safety reports.”(1976年，美国联邦航空管理局创建了一个全行业系统来收集安全报告。) 可知，对于一名飞行员来说该系统提交航空安全系统的报告是他的骄傲。故选A项。【
84、52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些报告存储在一个任何人都可以访问的可搜索数据库中，美国国家航空航天局在其每月通讯回调中强调了安全趋势。A. create创建； B. afford负担；C. analyze分析；D. access访问。根据上文 “The reports are stored in a searchable database”(这些报告存储在可搜索数据库中。) 可知，此处指任何人都可以访问的可搜索数据库。故选D项。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，还有一个更广泛的教训。A. broader更广泛的；B. clearer更清晰的；C. more bitter
85、更苦的；D. more costly更昂贵的。根据下文 内容可知，此处指更广泛的教训。故选A项。【54题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：小错误和近距离的失误可以为我们的系统中可能出现的错误提供丰富的数据来源。A. break out打破；B. go wrong出错；C. take shape成形；D. slow down慢下来。根据上文 “Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data”(小错误和近距离的失误可以为我们的系统提供丰富的数据来源。) 可知，此处指为我们的系统中可能出现的错误提供丰富的数据来源。故选B项。【5
86、5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：错误不应该是秘密。A. obstacles障碍；B. failures失败；C. experiments实验；D. secrets秘密。根据下文 “By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures, we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn.”(通过公开分享失败或接近失败的故事，我们可以把错误视为一个学习的机会。) 可知，此处表示我们不应该将错误当成秘密而应该视为一个学习的机会。故选D项。(B)Space exploration has alway
87、s been the province of _56_: The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (创造力) _57_ to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries before the first manned
88、rockets started to fly.In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decades end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated (共鸣) with _58_ and ambition in much the same way as the most famous _59_ speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther K
89、ing Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and _60_ American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up in _61_ with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urg
90、e to explore space is just the opposite .It is figuratively and literally otherworldly(超现实的) in its _62_.When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no _63
91、_. The perpetual(不断的) argument is that _64_ are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit(赤字), reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury- _65_ saving one-thousandth of a single years budget would solve our problems.But hu
92、man ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang for a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, _66_ out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bott
93、om-up attack on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go _67_.The space dreamers end up _68_ all of us- not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because
94、of the spin-off technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can go beyond what were once considered inherent _69_. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health car
95、e. Tomorrow we will transcend(超越) these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is _70_ of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.56. A. dreamersB. explorersC. astronomersD. novelists57. A. expectsB. strugglesC. observesD. ex
96、plores58. A. reputationB. emotionC. challengeD. optimism59. A. libertyB. publicC. dreamD. freedom60. A. attackedB. industrializedC. transformedD. accessed61. A. conflictB. lineC. contraryD. parallel62. A. aimsB. pacesC. concernsD. terms63. A. ancestorB. successorC. forefatherD. advocate64. A. situat
97、ionsB. securitiesC. fundsD. schedules65. A. even ifB. in caseC. as ifD. so that66. A. findingB. figuringC. sweepingD. mapping67. A. mainstreamB. foreignC. serviceD. sale68. A. informingB. challengingC. benefitingD. cultivating69. A. limitationsB. qualitiesC. technologyD. knowledge70. A. ignorantB. c
98、apableC. consciousD. proud【答案】56. A 57. B 58. D 59. C 60. C 61. A 62. A 63. B 64. C 65. C 66. D 67. A 68. C 69. A 70. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直都是梦想家的领域，它激发了人类的想象力和创造力。【56题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：太空探索一直是梦想家的领地:人类的创造力努力追随的地方，人类的想象力随时可以展翅高飞。A. dreamers 梦想家；B. explorers 探险家；C. astronomers 天文学家；D. novelists小说家
99、。根据后文“The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (创造力) _2_ to follow.”可知，太空探索是“梦想家”的领域。且下文的“When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out.”也是暗示。故选A。【57题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：太空探索一直是梦想家的领地:人类的创造力努力追随的地方，人类的想象力随时可以展翅高飞。A. expects 期盼；B. struggles 挣扎，奋斗；C. observes 遵守，观察；D. explores探索。结合常识和
100、第2空前后“where human ingenuity (创造力) _2_ to follow”可知，此处指“努力”追随。故选B。【58题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些演讲中充满了乐观和雄心，与两年后马丁路德金(Martin Luther King Jr.)最著名的梦想演讲如出一辙。A. reputation名声；B. emotion情感；C. challenge挑战；D. optimism乐观主义。根据上文的“In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the
101、decades end”和第3空前后“They resonated (共鸣) with _3_ and ambition in much the same way”可知，此处指马丁路德金和肯尼迪总统一样“乐观”和有雄心。故选D。【59题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些演讲中充满了乐观和雄心，与两年后马丁路德金(Martin Luther King Jr.)最著名的梦想演讲如出一辙。A. liberty自由；B. public公众；C. dream梦想；D. freedom自由。根据常识和第4空后的“speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King
102、Jr. two years later.”可知，此处指最著名的“自由”演讲。故选C。【60题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：到十年结束时，这两种愿景都产生了具体的成果，改变了美国社会。 A. attacked攻击，侵害；B. industrialized使工业化；C. transformed转换，转变；D. accessed接近。根据常识和上文的“both visions had yielded concrete results”可知，此处指探索太空和自由这两种愿景的实现“改变”了美国社会。故选C。【61题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在很多方面，这两个梦最终都以相互冲突而告终。争取种族和经济
103、平等的斗争是非常务实的，其影响是直接的。A. conflict冲突；B. line路线；C. contrary相反；D. parallel平行线。根据下文的“The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite .”可知，这两个梦想彼此之是“冲突”。故选A。【62题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的目的是象征和字面上的超凡脱俗。 A. aims目的；B
104、. paces步调；C. concerns关心； D. terms地位，关系。根据第7空前一句“The urge to explore space is just the opposite .”可知，此处指探索的“目的”。故选A。【63题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在技术上受到损害的航天飞机项目刚刚结束，没有继任者。A. ancestor 祖先；B. successor继承者；C. forefather前辈；D. advocate拥护者。 根据下文的“Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit(赤字), reaching towar
105、d the stars seems a dispensable luxury”可知，财政赤字让太空探索成了一个奢侈，由此可知太空探索暂时没有后续计划，即“继承者”。故选B。【64题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一直以来的争论是资金紧张，我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。A. situations境况；B. securities担保，保证人；C. funds资金，现金；D. schedules 时间表。根据下文的“Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit(赤字), reaching toward the stars seems a disp
106、ensable luxury- 10 saving one-thousandth of a single years budget would solve our problems.”可知，此处谈到了财政赤字，由此推知“资金”紧张。故选C。【65题详解】考查状语从句连接词。句意：在目前对联邦赤字的担忧中，向星星伸出援助之手似乎是一种可有可无的奢侈似乎节省一年预算的千分之一就能解决我们的问题。A. even if即使；B. in case 万一；C. as if好像；D. so that为了。根据句意可知，此处指人们认为似乎用太空探索预算的千分之一就能解决财政赤字问题，用as if引导的方式状语
107、从句符合语境。故选C。【66题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们将充当现代麦哲伦的角色，为探险者(无论是人类还是机器)绘制太阳系的地图。A. finding 发现；B. figuring计算；C. sweeping扫除；D. mapping绘制。根据第11空后的“out the solar system for whatever explorers follow.”可知，此处指“绘制”太阳系的地图，以供后来者参考。故选D。【67题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：再过一、二十年，它可能会成为主流。A. mainstream主流；B. foreign外国；C. service服务；D. sale销售
108、。根据上文的“Private spaceflight could lie within reach of rich civilians in a few years.”可知，此处指私人太空飞行以后会成为“主流”。故选A。【68题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：太空梦想家们最终使我们所有人受益不仅仅是因为他们拓展人类知识的方式，或者是因为他们产生的副产品技术，而是因为这两种梦想相互依存。 A. informing通知；B. challenging挑战；C. benefiting有利于；D. cultivating培养。根据第13空前后“The space dreamers end up _13_
109、all of us- not just because of the way they expand human knowledge,”可知，此处指“有利于”我们所有的人。 故选C。【69题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：马丁路德金(Martin Luther King)和约翰肯尼迪(John Kennedy)都主张，人类可以超越曾经被认为是固有的局限。 A. limitations局限性；B. qualities 品质；C. technology技术；D. knowledge知识。根据第14空下文“Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the
110、environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend(超越) these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit.”可知，此处指被人为的固有的“局限”。故选A。【70题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们收集的证据越多，我们就越能实现我们的伟大。A. ignorant无知的；B. capable有能力的；C. conscious意识到的；D. proud自豪的。根据第15空前后“The more evidence we collect”可知，此处指“有能力”去实现。
111、固定短语：be capable of“能够，有能力”。故选B。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage
112、 you have just read.(A)The bus screamed to a stop in Nazareth, Israel. Five Australian backpackers boarded and struck up a conversation with me. They asked typical travelers questionswhere was I going and why was I traveling alone? My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but wh
113、en I called her that morning, she didnt pick up and I had no other way to reach her. My stomach was in knots, but I decided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius, where we had planned to go together.“Why dont you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered.
114、They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then travel for as long as they could. Their current plan was to explore the Middle East and Europe in three months while working in London.It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes. For the next two we
115、eks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations. When they hook a ride, I took the bus, but when they wanted to steal into the King David Hotels swimming pool, I led the way. The world opened up to me because I chose to tra
116、vel alone. I joined complete strangers, who become close friends. Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special experience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, Ive backpacked alone acros
117、s South Africa, sky-dived from 12,000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U.S. with no job lined up.On my third day wandering in Israel with my new friends, I bumped into the woman I was supposed to meet. Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadnt picked up the phone.71
118、. By “My stomach was in knots” (in paragraph 1), the author most likely means that she was _.A. sick of riding on a bumpy busB. nervous of meeting strangersC. upset about the sudden changeD. sorry about the impractical plan72. Which of the following best describes the backpackers the author met?A. C
119、ourageous but disrespectful.B. Jobless and poorly educated.C. Warmhearted and trustworthy.D. Homeless but lighthearted.73. The authors sixth sense told her that _.A. she would get along with the backpackersB. it might cause trouble to have a swimC. she ought to stay away from the backpackersD. it co
120、uld add excitement to get a free ride74. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Most of the backpackers became the authors lifelong friends.B. The author gathered the courage to be a fulltime backpack traveler.C. The woman missed the phone call with the purpose of traveling alone.D. The author con
121、sidered it the best decision of her life to travel on her own.【答案】71. C 72. C 73. A 74. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者原本与朋友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她决定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经历了美好的几天，并和他们成了好朋友。【71题详解】推理判断题。根据前文“My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning,
122、 she didnt pick up and I had no other way to reach her.”可知作者被朋友放鸽子了，被放鸽子肯定是失望的，C项（因为突然的变化而感到沮丧的）最符合作者此时的心情，所以选C。【72题详解】推理判断题。根据“Why dont you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明他们很热心；根据“ They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then trave
123、l for as long as they could”可知这些背包客旅游经验很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。【73题详解】推理判断题。根据“It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes.”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能（instinct）也就是第六感说了“好”，也就是说她的第六感让她相信她能和这些背包客相处的很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。【74题详解】推理判断题。根据“The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone.”
124、可知作者觉得自己选择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界，再结合最后一句“Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadnt picked up the phone.”可知作者庆幸她的朋友没有接她的电话。由此可以判断作者认为自己选择一个人去旅行是一个很好的决定，故选D。(B)Families should reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives and packaging materials as a grow
125、ing body of research shows they may harm childrens health, according to a policy statement and technical report from the American Academy of Pediastrics released online.The statement also suggests improvements to the food additives regulatory system, including updating the scientific foundation of t
126、he U.S. Food and Drug Administrations safety assessment retesting all previously approved chemicals.Leonard Trasande ,the author of the policy statement, to tell us more about these concerns.Q: What are the growing number of studies showing us?A: Over the past two decades, an accumulating body of sc
127、ience suggests some food additives can interfere with a childs hormones, growth and development.Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposures because they eat and drink more relative to body weight, than adults
128、 do and are still growing and developing. An early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.Q: What additives does the statement highlight?A: The additives of most concern, based on rising research evidence cited in the report, include:Bisphenols, such as BPA, used
129、to harden plastic containers and line metal cans, can act like estrogen（雌激素）in the body which may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systems. BPA is now banned in baby bottles.Phthalates, which make plastic and vinyl tube
130、s used in industrial food production flexible, may affect male genital development increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular disease. In 2017, the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use or some phthalates in child-care products such as teething rings.75. According to the
131、 American Academy of Pediatrics report, people should _ to cope with the problem of food additives.A. try to avoid food additives in daily life and revise relevant rules on food additivesB. update the food safety assessment program and check the approved chemicals againC. improve the food additives
132、regulatory system and retest all approved chemicalsD. reduce the usage of food additives and establish new food protection system76. Leonardo Trasande holds the view that food additives do more harm to children than adults because study shows _.A. children are more sensitive to what they eat and dri
133、nk than adultsB. children usually eat and drink more unhealthy food than adultsC. children are just too young and weak to protect themselvesD. childrens organs are easier to be damaged and hard to recover77. How many specific kinds of harmful effect caused by the additives are mentioned in the passa
134、ge?A. 2B. 7C. 8D. 3【答案】75. A 76. D 77. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类的文章。研究表明：食品添加剂对儿童健康有巨大的危害。研究建议家庭应该减少接触食品色素，还建议改进食品添加剂监管体系。【75题详解】细节理解题。根据第一和第二段中的“Families should reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives and packaging materials according to a policy statement and technic
135、al report from the American Academy of Pediastrics released online. The statement also suggests improvements to the food additives regulatory system”可知，美国儿科学会在网上发布的一份政策声明和技术报告显示，越来越多的研究表明，家庭应该减少接触食品色素、防腐剂和包装材料中的合成化学物质声明还建议改进食品添加剂监管体系。故结合选项，A选项正确：尽量避免日常生活中的食品添加剂，修改食品添加剂的相关规定。故选A。【76题详解】细节理解题。根据文中的“Po
136、tentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposuresAn early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.”可知，食品添加剂的潜在有害影响是我们尤其要特别关注的儿童问题，因为他们对化学品接触更加敏感。早期损伤他们的器官系统可能会带来终身和永久的后果。也就是说，儿童器官容易
137、受损，不易恢复。故D选项正确。【77题详解】细节理解题。根据最后两段中的“Bisphenols, such as BPAwhich may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systemsPhthalates may affect male genital development increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular di
138、sease.”可知，双酚类化合物，如双酚A这可能会改变青春期的时间，降低生育能力，增加身体脂肪，并影响神经系统和免疫系统。邻苯二甲酸酯可能影响男性生殖器官的发育，增加儿童肥胖，并导致心血管疾病。很明显，一共提到7种有害影响。故B选项正确。( C )The classic nightmare of suddenly realizing you are naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist: it might involve the horror of losing not just your modesty but also your
139、 pass codes. Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gesture.The concept of interactive “smart clothing” has drawn attention in the past couple of years. For example, Google and Levis created a touch-s
140、ensitive jacket that can operate a smartphone. This and other smart garments are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device.To eliminate the need for such peripheral gear, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what is a previously u
141、ntapped property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized. “Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread may seem like a small difference, but it is what makes this work interesting and exciting,” says Chris Harrison, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University, who w
142、as not part of the research. The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into storage devices.The Washington team magnetized a patch of fabric embroidered with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientat
143、ion that correspond to binary 1s or 0. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different combinationssuch as pass codes for doorson a shirt sleeve. They also created magnetic gloves that could control a nearby smartphone with gestures. The team described its findings last October
144、 at a meeting of the Association for Computing Machinery.The garments still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not escape times eraser; after about a week, the threads magnetic fields had weakened by around 30 percent. The researchers suggest that using custom-made thread
145、designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer. But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing temporary codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. Harrison says that it is “very unlikely you are ever going to achieve a comparable density to magnet
146、ic hard drives” with data-storing fabric, however.78. What does the underlined sentence (1st paragraph) imply?A. People would soon change their views on being naked in public.B. There is no way to stop the decline of privacy right now.C. People would lose privacy to a considerable degree.D. The clas
147、sic nightmare of losing pass codes could never come true.79. According to Chris Harrison, using magnetic conductive thread is interesting and exciting because _.A it will gradually eliminate the need for attached devicesB. it will turn any common wearables into storage devicesC. it is such an abstra
148、ct idea that giant companies have made attempts at itD. it brings scientists new challenges and makes their work out of the ordinary80. Which of the following is NOT a feature of garments with new technology？A. It is portable and can interact with electronic devices wirelessly.B. it is sustainable a
149、nd doesnt need further maintenance.C. It is washable and can endure high temperature.D. It can store huge amounts of information.81. What does Harrison imply in the last paragraph？A. Magnetic hard drivers will never lose their position to fabrics in storage.B. Cloth and fabric as a storage medium ha
150、ve replaced magnetic hard drives.C. Data-storing fabric can be as efficient as a traditional storage medium now.D. In the short term, fabric used to store data cannot overcome its weakness.【答案】78. C 79. D 80. B 81. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发明了一种有磁性的衣服，他们说这种衣服可以存储数据，自动开门，或者用手势控制附近的智能手机。文章介绍了这种衣服的一些
151、特性和人们对此的看法。78题详解】推理判断题。根据画线词上文“The classic nightmare of suddenly realizing you are naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist(突然发现自己在公共场合赤身裸体的经典噩梦可能很快就会变成一个未来主义的转变)”以及后文“Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby
152、smartphone with gesture.(科学家最近发明了一种有磁性的衣服，他们说这种衣服可以存储数据，自动开门，或者用手势控制附近的智能手机)”可推知，科学家发明的这种有磁性的衣服可以储存人们的数据，甚至控制智能手机，所以可能会让人们在公共场合失去个人隐私，即画线句表明人们会在很大程度上失去隐私。故选C。【79题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread may seem like a small difference, but it is what makes this wo
153、rk interesting and exciting,” says Chris Harrison, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University, who was not part of the research. The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into storage devices.(“利用线的磁性而不是电性可能看起来差别不大，但正是它使这项工作有趣和激动人
154、心，”卡耐基梅隆大学的计算机科学家Chris Harrison说，他没有参与这项研究。这项新技术让研究人员可以做一些他们认为在可穿戴设备中独一无二的事情：把它们变成存储设备)”可知，根据Chris Harrison的说法，使用导磁线有趣和令人兴奋，因为它给科学家带来了新的挑战，使他们的工作与众不同。故选D。【80题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby sma
155、rtphone with gesture.(科学家最近发明了一种有磁性的衣服，他们说这种衣服可以存储数据，自动开门，或者用手势控制附近的智能手机)”；倒数第二段中“This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different combinationssuch as pass codes for doorson a shirt sleeve. (这一步骤使研究人员可以在衬衫袖子上存储多达3300万种不同的组合，比如门的密码)”以及最后一段中“The garments still stored data after wa
156、shing, drying and ironing, but they could not escape times eraser (衣服在洗涤、烘干、熨烫后仍然保存着数据，但它们无法逃脱时间的橡皮擦)”可知，B选项“它是可持续的，不需要进一步的维护”不是新技术服装的特征。故选B。【81题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The researchers suggest that using custom-made thread designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer.But for now the clothes
157、may be best suited for storing temporary codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. Harrison says that it is “very unlikely you are ever going to achieve a comparable density to magnetic hard drives” with data-storing fabric, however.(研究人员表示，使用定制的线来保持更强的磁场可能会工作更久。但就目前而
158、言，这些衣服可能最适合储存临时代码，比如在酒店钥匙卡或商店里的衣服标签上发现的代码。不过，Harrison说，如果使用数据存储结构，“不太可能达到与磁性硬盘相当的密度”)”可推知，Harrison在最后一段中暗示了在短期内，用于存储数据的织物不能克服它的弱点。故选D。Section CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences tha
159、n you need.Fed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever-expanding electronic devices? The solution may be just a few steps away.“Energy harvesting” promises to power countless consumer devices, often with nothing more than your bodys movement or heat._82_.But many expe
160、rts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic devices being developed for the Internet of Things.Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power,_83_Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades, for example, by winding themselves when their user move
161、s their arm. Now the concept is being considered for a number of other devices.In an contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies, Intel awarded$5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a persons body and a special piece of clothing theyd wear into electricity fo
162、r mobile devices._84_. Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips that create electricity from ultrasound to power implantable devices that can analyze a persons nervous system or treat their diseases.A textile research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from rad
163、io waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes, which can monitor a persons heartbeat or other vital signs.Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex, however. For one thing, the motlon that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful. Moreover, the amou
164、nt of power the devices produce depends on the person using them, according to a Columbia University study, It determined that taller people on average provide about 20percent more power than shorter ones when walking, running or cycling._85_. While such devices are expected to cost less than batter
165、y-powered alternatives when compared over many years ,experts say, people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term.A. Dozens of companies around the world already offer such productsB. Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting va
166、riationC. Its also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products,D. With the Internet of things expected to combine billions of devices, well have to use energy harvesting.E. When certain materials are squeezed or stretched, the movement of their atoms creates an electrical
167、charge.F. Research fim IDTechEx has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $.2.6 billion by 2024.【答案】82. A 83. E 84. B 85. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今“能量收集”承诺为无数的消费设备提供能量，通常只需要你身体的运动或热量。介绍了能够进行能量收集的几种技术，以及随着科技产品的普及，这种新能源科技的市场将会急剧增加。【82题详解】结合后文But many experts belie
168、ve the market for the technology could explode due to electronic devices being developed for the Internet of Things.可知但许多专家认为，由于为物联网开发的电子设备，这项技术的市场可能会出现爆炸式增长。由此可知，市场爆满，说明全球已经有公司在提供此类产品了。故A选项“全球已有数十家公司提供此类产品”符合上下文语境，故选A。【83题详解】根据上文Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power.可知该技术最基本的形式
169、之一是身体动力。以及后文Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades, for example, by winding themselves when their user moves their arm.可知自动手表已经使用了几十年的概念，例如，当用户移动指针时自动上弦。由此可知，本句是在承接上文解释自动手表这种身体动力的原理。故E选项“当某些材料被挤压或拉伸时，原子的运动会产生电荷”符合上下文语境，故选E。【84题详解】根据后文Stanford University engineers are testing smart m
170、icrochips that create electricity from ultrasound to power implantable devices that can analyze a persons nervous system or treat their diseases.可知斯坦福大学的工程师们正在测试利用超声波发电的智能微芯片，为可植入设备提供动力，这些设备可以分析人体的神经系统或治疗他们的疾病。由此可知，本段是在说明另一种利用声音为设备提供动力的能量收集方法。复现词sound和段落后ultrasound，属于相同范畴的词。故B选项“利用声音为设备提供动力是另一种能量收集方
171、法”符合上下文语境，故选B。【85题详解】结合后文While such devices are expected to cost less than battery-powered alternatives when compared over many years ,experts say, people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term.可知专家们说，尽管这类设备的价格预计在多年后会低于电池驱动的替代品，但人们可能会继续购买电池驱动的
172、设备，仅仅因为短期内价格会更便宜。由此可知，本段是在推测消费者对能源收集产品的欢迎程度。故C选项“目前还不清楚消费者对能源收集产品的欢迎程度”符合上下文语境，故选C。IV. Translation （20. 3+4+4+4+5）Directions: Translate the following phrases or sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.86. 不管我们离家乡有多遥远，我们都会对打小就吃的家常菜产生认同感。(however)（汉译英）【答案】However faraway we are f
173、rom our hometown we will identify with family dishes / cuisine (that/which) we have been eating since childhood / since we were small children that/which we started to eat when we were little children / when we were young / in our childhood.【解析】【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。根据汉语意思可知，这是个让步状语从句，可以用however或since引导，时
174、态可以用主将从现，可以使用过去时；主句中又含定语从句，先行词“家常菜dishes / cuisine ”，用that/which引导，identify认同，hometown家乡。故本句翻译为：However faraway we are from our hometown, we will identify with family dishes / cuisine (that/which) we have been eating since childhood / since we were small children that/which we started to eat when we
175、 were little children / when we were young / in our childhood.87. 面对紧急情况，飞行员深呼吸使自己平静下来，并反思了几分钟前所作的决定。(reflect) （汉译英）【答案】Faced with /Facing an emergency, the pilot took deep breaths / took a deep breath to calm himself down and reflected on his decision made several minutes ago.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词、动词
176、短语、动词和名词。表示“面对”应用动词短语be faced with或动词face；表示“紧急情况”应用名词emergency；分析句子结构可知“面对紧急情况”在句子作状语，结合be faced with或face与逻辑句子主语之间的逻辑关系，故将“面对紧急情况”翻译为Faced with /Facing an emergency；表示“飞行员”应用名词pilot；表示“深呼吸”应用动词短语take deep breaths / take a deep breath；表示“使自己平静”短语为calm oneself down；表示“反思”动词短语为reflect on；表示“几分钟前所作的决定
177、”短语为decision made several minutes ago。根据句意，应用一般过去时。故翻译为Faced with /Facing an emergency, the pilot took deep breaths / took a deep breath to calm himself down and reflected on his decision made several minutes ago.88. 在德国做交流生期间，我遇到了一位工程学教授，对古希腊哲学家的思想非常了解。(who) （汉译英）【答案】As an exchange student in Germa
178、ny, I met an engineering professor who was very familiar with the thoughts/ideas of the ancient Greek philosophers.【解析】【详解】考查介词、定语从句和时态。根据汉语意思可知，本句可以用介词as表示“当时”，“在德国做交流生期间”表达为：as an exchange student in Germany；句中含有定语从句，先行词为教授（professor），在从句中作主语，用who引导，时态使用一般过去时，工程教授engineering professor ，对.熟悉be fami
179、liar with 。故翻译为As an exchange student in Germany, I met an engineering professor who was very familiar with the thoughts/ideas of the ancient Greek philosophers.89. 乔丹在参加每一场比赛时，都迎难而上，勇往直前，取得最后的胜利。(participate) （汉译英）【答案】When Jordan participated in every match, he would face up to the difficulties and
180、 advance ahead with great courage / go ahead bravely in the face of difficulties and win the ultimate victory / achieve the final success. / until he won/achieved the ultimate victory.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查时间状语从句和一般过去时。该句是when引导的时间状语从句，主句是过去将来时，从句用一般过去时；participate in的意思是“参加”，face up to/ bravely in the face
181、 of的意思是“勇敢地面对”。结合所给汉语，可知答案为When Jordan participated in every match, he would face up to the difficulties and advance ahead with great courage / go ahead bravely in the face of difficulties and win the ultimate victory / achieve the final success. / until he won/achieved the ultimate victory.90. 自从高一
182、引入英语新教材以来，不仅插图精美的课本引起了同学们的兴趣，关注个人经历的课文也让学生能体验文化冲击，有助于他们形成跨文化交际的意识。(not only倒装句) （汉译英）【答案】Since the introduction of the new English textbooks in Grade One, not only have these well-illustrated textbooks aroused the students interest, but the texts focusing on personal experiences have also enabled th
183、em to experience the culture shock and helped to develop the awareness of cross-cultural communication.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查部分倒装、固定短语和时态。结合句意表示“自从以来”应用介词since；表示“引入”应用名词introduction；表示“新教材”短语为the new English textbooks；表示“不仅而且”应用not onlybut also，且not only位于句首时，需用部分倒装，but also部分不用倒装；表示“插图精美的课本”短语为well-illust
184、rated textbooks，由these修饰；表示“引起兴趣”短语为arouse ones interest，此处应用现在完成时；表示“关注”短语为focus on，此处用现在分词作定语修饰名词texts；表示“个人经历”短语为personal experience；表示“让某人能够做某事”短语为enable sb. to do sth.，应用现在完成时；表示“文化冲击”短语为cultural shock；表示“形成的意识”短语为develop the awareness of；表示“跨文化交际”短语为cross-cultural communication。故翻译为Since the i
185、ntroduction of the new English textbooks in Grade One, not only have these well-illustrated textbooks aroused the students interest, but the texts focusing on personal experiences have also enabled them to experience the culture shock and helped to develop the awareness of cross-cultural communication.
