1、2020年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编（16）语法填空1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landi
2、ng on the moons far side is _ (extreme) challenging. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular _ (interes
3、ting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so _ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University,
4、says, because it _ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _ (construct) Data about the moons composition, such as how _ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.2.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内
5、单词的正确形式。Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a _(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth _ (come) back t
6、o life and best wishes for new beginnings. These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country: Oranges: Orange trees are more_ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times _ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good
7、 fortune. Bamboo: Chinese love their Lucky Bamboo plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. _ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated _ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy _ (care) for and make great presents. Branche
8、s of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The _ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are_ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.3.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In ancient China li
9、ved an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike. The artists reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their _ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would _ (choose), but w
10、hen he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li Riverperhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world. Filled with _ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. _ he asked the villagers on th
11、e banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out _ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved _ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently refle
12、cted in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist_earth, Mother Nature.4.阅读下
13、面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Something significant is happening to the world population it is aging. The median age of an American in 1950 _(be) 30today it is 41 and is expected_ (increase) to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the_ (number) are more striking 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, on
14、e in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six. This aging of the population is driven_ two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large_ (compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes_ (old) than befor
15、e. This is_ (particular) true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has_ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly. People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should_ (place) on longevity (
16、长寿). It isnt just that people are, on average, living longer. Its also that they are on average healthier_ more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be boost to the economy.5.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单间的正确形式。 Many people have the hobby of collecting
17、things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, _(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big _ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected
18、 by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _ (form) the core collection of the British Museum _ opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the public _ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museums collection _ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. Many museum
19、s are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _ (they) living at a different time in history or _ (walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the citys Viking settlement is recreated
20、, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical _ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete _ peoples spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.6.阅读下面材料
21、,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived _,through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on_could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had
22、sown. Farming produced more food per person_hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food _ (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _ (change)lives. By about 6000 BC, people _ (discover)the best
23、 crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the _ (season),planting at the right time and, in dry areas, _ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with _ rise of science, changes began. New methods _
24、(mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way, of life that started in the Stone Age.7.阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A Mrs. Bai
25、ley was important in the educational journey that carried me through school and into my profession. Until I joined her class, I hadnt believed in my ability as a writer. She _(persuade) me to join the poetry society and lit in me a fire for literature. She recognized _(I) potential and showed me tha
26、t I could write with creativity and enthusiasm. Because of the confidence she inspired in me, Ive carved out a _(success) profession as a journalist.B Some university students carried out a campaign _ they spent their whole day without cell phones. This move was to improve their relationships with t
27、heir near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual (虚拟的)life. _ (study) indicate that a majority of young people used their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone addiction (瘾)has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psycholo
28、gists _ (try) to increase awareness about this problem.C The tiger shark _ (consider) to be one of the most dangerous sharks in the world. Why are tiger sharks so dangerous? First, they like to live _waters where humans usually swim, so the chances of an encounter (相遇) with them are much greater. Se
29、cond, tiger sharks are so strong and aggressive that they can _(easy) hit a person. And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly _ (design) for cutting their food, so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous.答案以及解析1.答案：touched; extremely; where; interest; than; to find; means ;is constructed
30、 ; much; its解析：考查动词时态。句中有时间状语last week,故用一般过去时。 考查形容词变副词。副词extremely修饰后面的形容词challenging。考查定语从句。先行词是spot,后跟定语从句,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。考查名词。句中含有be + of +名词结构,be of particular interest = be particularly interesting,故填名词interest。考查连词。本句中含有more,空格后为比较对象,因此本空应填than。考查非谓语动词。句中的动词不定式短语to find and study a
31、reas of the South Pole-Aitken basin作状语,表目的。考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文时态可知,本句也应用一般现在时,主语是it,故谓语动词用means。考查被动语态。此处表示“月球是如何构成的,应用被动语态,且此处描述的是客观情况,故填is constructed, construct vt.建造,构建。考查固定用法。how much多少,修饰不可数名词。考查代词。此处表示它的计划,故用形容词性物主代词its。2.答案：- celebration; carries; coming; than; decorated- Certainly; with; to car
32、e; beautiful; the解析：考查名词。不定冠词a后面接可数名词单数,所以填celebration。 考查时态和主谓一致。在why引导的表语从句中,动名词短语decorating.flowers作主语,谓语动词用单数,并且此处讲的是客观事实,用一般现在时,所以填carries。考查非谓语动词。the earth和come之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以填coming。考查固定搭配。more than为固定搭配,在这里表示不仅仅,所以填than。decorated 考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的Orange trees,和decorate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词的-ed形
33、式作宾语补足语,所以填decorated。考查副词。此处修饰整个句子,且位于句首,所以填Certainly。考查介词。be associated with.是固定搭配,表示与有关。考查非谓语动词。此处考查be +adj.+to do结构。注意此处用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。考查形容词。空处和空后的long共同修饰名词branches,所以填beautiful。考查冠词。序数词前加定冠词the,表示第几个。3.答案：-whose; finest; be chosen; curiosity; When/As- pointed; to find; gently; surrounding; on解
34、析：考查定语从句。本句主句为倒装句,主语an artist为先行词,后接一个定语从句,空处与其后名词paintings之间构成所属关系,故用whose。 考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知,皇帝命令所有知名画家献上他们最好的作品。考查被动语态。这位画家确信自己肯定会被选中。考查词性变化。介词with后应使用名词。考查状语从句。when/As在句中表示当时。考查时态。空处与smiled构成并列谓语,故用一般过去时。考查动词不定式。set out to do sth.(怀着目标)开始做某事。考查词性变化。修饰动词moved应使用副词。考查非谓语动词。surrounding the mountain t
35、ops作后置定语修饰clouds。考查固定搭配。on earth世上。4.答案：- was; to increase; numbers ; by; compared-older; particular; a; be placed; and解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合上文的主语age可知,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,同时根据in 1950可知,此处的时态为一般过去时,所以填was。考查非谓语动词。根据is expected可知,其后需要接不定式to do结构,意为预计将。考查名词的单复数。根据下文的are可知这里需要number的复数形式, 故填numbers。 考查介词。此处根据上下
36、文可知,空处位于表示被动的动词后,故应填by表示由,被。考查非谓语动词。结合句式结构可知,此处为非谓语动词,且compare与逻辑主语old generations是动宾关系, 故填compared。compared to是固定结构,意为与相比。考查形容词比较级。结合句意和下文的than before可知,这里意为“比以前更加年老,故填older。考查副词。根据句式结构可知,此处修饰true, 故填副词形式。考查冠词。根据下文的chance可知,这里语意表示非常实际的一个可能性, 故填不定冠词a,表示泛指。考查动词的被动语态。结合句意可知,此处attention与place构成被动关系。又因空
37、前是情态动词should, 故填be placed。考查并列连词。结合句意可知,healthier和more productive构成并列关系, 故填and。5.答案：-wealthy; or; formed; which/that; are called; - is; themselves; walking; accuracy; for解析：考查形容词。根据设空处后面的名词people可知,这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,until it got too big 和 until they died并列,同时结合语境可知,此处表示选择关系,故用连词or。考查一般
38、过去时。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,同时结合上下文可知,此处的动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,故答案为formed。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语,先行词为the British Museum,故此处用关系代词which/that。考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子结构可知,该句主语为The parts of a museum,设空处为谓语动词,与主语之间为被动关系,结合语境可知这里为客观事实,故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据时间状语Often可知该句应用一般现在时,设空处为谓语动词,主语为only a small pa
39、rt of a museums collection,是单数形式,故此处用is。考查反身代词。根据语境可知,主语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身,此处应用反身代词形式,故答案为themselves。考查v.-ing形式。分析句子结构可知,设空处与前面的living at a different time in history并列,都作动词imagine的宾语,故此处用walking。考查名词。根据语境和设空处前的修饰词Historical可知,此处应用名词accuracy作主语。考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表达的是为了人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他的娱乐活动进行竞争,compet
40、e for为竞争,故应用介词for。6.答案：-in; what; than; was needed; to change ; - had discovered; seasons; making; the; meant解析：考查介词。live in是固定词组,表示在地方生活,故填in。 考查名词性从句。根据语法结构可知,what引导宾语从句,作on的宾语,由于该宾语从句中缺少主语,同时空处表示的事物,故填what。考查比较级。根据上文的more food可知,此处是more.than.结构,表示比多.。考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意出生的孩子越多,需要的粮食就越多可知,more food与ne
41、ed构成被动关系,且文章的基本时态为一般过去时,故填was needed。考查非谓语动词中的不定式。根据语境可知,农业给了人们首次用技术的力量去改变生活的体验, 故接不定式作定语。考查动词的时态。根据时间状语By about 6000 BC可知,句子谓语动词用过去完成时,故填had discovered。考查名词的单复数。根据常识和语境可知,人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼,故填seasons。考查非谓语动词中的动词-ing形式。结合and和上文的planting可知,此处应该填making与其并列。考查冠词。根据空后的rise of science可知,此处是名词的限定性修饰,语意表示科学的兴
42、起,故填定冠词the,表示特指。meant 考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意可知,New methods与mean是主谓关系,同时文章的基本时态为一般过去时,故填meant。7.答案：-persuaded; my; successful; where; Studies- trying; is considered/has been considered; in; easily; designed解析：考查时态。根据该句中的lit in me a fire for literature可知,此处表述的是过去发生的事情, 故填persuaded。 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处的potential
43、是名词,意为潜力。故此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词,故填my。考查词形转换。profession为名词,意为“职业,故应用形容词修饰名词,故填successful。考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为campaign,空处在从句中作地点状语,故填where。考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知,此处为主句的主语,且谓语动词indicate为复数形式,故可知此处的study用作名词,意为研究,且应用复数形式,故填Studies。考查with复合结构。句子的主干为The problem of phone addiction(瘾)has been observed,由此
44、可知,此处是with复合结构作状语。此处表示专家和心理学家努力增强人们对这个问题的意识,experts and psychologists和try为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用try的现在分词形式trying。考查动词的时态和语态。句意:虎鲨被认为是世界上最危险的动物之一。根据句意和语境可知,该处可用一般现在时的被动语态表示描述这一客观事实,亦可用现在完成时的被动语态表示虎鲨给人们的印象(造成的心理影响)危险, 故填is considered/has been considered。考查介词。此处表示虎鲨喜欢生活在人们经常去游泳的水域, 故填in。 live in意为居住,生活在。考查副词。修饰动词需用副词。此处修饰动词hit, 故填easily。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,teeth和design为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词designed。
