1、The forth period: Grammar(学案)IntroductionIn this period students will be warming up by discovering useful words and expressions. Then they shall be reading and thinking, dealing with Ex. 1, 2 and 3 on page 37and going over the ready used materials for Ellipsis. The class is to end by students doing
2、exercises. Objectives To help students learn about Ellipsis To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions To help students discover and learn to use some useful structuresProcedures1. Warming up by discovering useful words and expressionsTurn to page 36 and do Ex. 1 an
3、d 2 first. Check your answers with your classmates. 2. Reading and thinkingTurn to page 34 and read the text of FIRST AID FOR BURNS. As you read on, pay attention to the ellipsis of sentence.For reference: You can get burned by hot liquids and steam. Burns are called first degree, second degree or t
4、hird degree burns. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.3. Dealing with Ex. 1, 2 and 3 on page 37Turn to page 37. In Ex.1, you have to look at the differences between Sentences A and B; which sentence is better and why it is better. The sentences in Ex.2 are all cor
5、rect but they sound awkward because they have unnecessary words in them. You should take out the unnecessary parts. Each sentence in Ex.3 has ellipsis. This exercise sees whether you know which words have been omitted.4. Going over the ready used materials for Ellipsis省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞
6、手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。1. 小品词的省略 （1）省略介词 He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。 Ive studied Eng1ish (for) five years.我已学五年英语了。 （2）省略连词that I believe (that) you will succeed 我相信你们会成功的。 Its a pity (that) hes leaving. 他要走，真遗憾。 Im sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。 （3）省
7、略关系代词 Ill give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。2. 句子成分的省略 （1）省略主语 Beg your pardon. （我）请你原谅。（Beg前省略了主语I） Take care! 当心！（Take前省略了主语you）Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。（Looks前省略了主语it）（2）省略谓语 Who next? 该谁了？（Who后面省略了谓语comes） The river was deep an
8、d the ice thin. （ice后面省略了was） Well do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。（can后面省略了动词do） （3）省略表语 Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗？ 我准备好了。（am后面省略了ready） He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。（had been后面省略了a lover of sports）（4）省略宾语 Lets do the dishes. Ill wash and youll dry. 让我
9、们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes） （5）省略定语 He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。（the rest后面省略了定语of the money） （6）省略状语 He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！（Strange前面省略了状语how）3. 省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份 What exciting news! (= What exciting news it is!) 多么令人激动的消息啊！ Pity hes fai
10、led. (= It is a pity that hes failed.) 很遗憾，他失败了。 I like him more than her. (= I like him more than I like her.) 我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。4. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构： a) 在以if, when, though, as if（好象）等连词引导的从句中，如从句中的主要动词是be，常将主语和动词be 省略。If necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。Whenever possible, he will come
11、 to my help. 他一有可能就来帮助我。While cycling, dont forget the traffic lights. 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。b) 由固定词组引导的疑问句： What about having a game of chess? 下盘棋怎么样？ How come they left you alone here? 他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢？ What if its raining? 如果天下雨怎么办？ Why not try again? 为什么不再试试呢？ c) 在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号to。
12、 He may leave if he wishes to. 他可以走，如果他愿意的话。Dont go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。5 被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上，但有时省略结构已经定型，如果把省略部分补上，反而不合乎习惯。He is taller than I am. 他比我高。（am之后省略tall，补上不合习惯）No parking. 禁止停车。（告示用语 = No parking is allowed here.）有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分：Not at all. 不用谢。No matter. 不要紧。Thanks. 谢谢。 5. Looki
13、ng back高考题中的省略句1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004全国II)A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (2004全国IV)A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to b
14、e questioned3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.(2004湖北)A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which4. Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? -_?（2004 全国I）A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the s
15、treet, but his mother told him_. (1995 NMET) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 6. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _? (1990MET) A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we7. Be sure to write to us, _? (1993NMET) A. will you B. arent you C. can you D. mustnt you 8.-Alice, why didnt yo
16、u come yesterday? -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. (1997 NMET) A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 9. -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you _. (1992MET) A. might B. will C. can D. should 10. -Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -_. (1994 NMET) A. I dont B. I wo
17、nt C. I cant D. I havent Keys: 1-5 BCAAA 6-10 DACCB6. Closing down by doing exercisesTo end the period you are going to take some exercises on ellipsis. 1. I wont do it any more. _? A. Why dont B. Why dont do it any more C. Why not D. Why not to2. Although _ to stop, he kept on working. A. tell B. t
18、elling C. having told D. told3. Will you waste your time and money on that? Certainly _. A. I not B. dont C. not D. no4. Mary didnt attend the lecture, did she? Yes, she _. A. attended B. didnt attend C. didnt D. did5. Whats Joan doing? _ newspapers in the room. A. She reading B. She reads C. To rea
19、d D. Reading6. _ always succeed. A. Honest and clever students B. Students who honest and clever C. Honest students and clever D. Students are honest and clever7. Can you climb that tree, my boy? _ ? A. I B. Myself C. Mine D. Me8. Some people are against the plan but _ support it. A. any more B. man
20、y more C. much more D. no more9. Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like to D. Id be happy to10. Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant? _. Its too expensive. A. Why not B. I agree C. I m afraid not D. Im sureKeys:1-5 CDCDD 6-10 ADBDC
