1、Unit 2Cloning【导语】1997年克隆羊多莉的诞生，就已为克隆人做好了技术上的准备。也使关于克隆人的争论变得更加现实。Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing or previously existing human.Despite several highly public claims，human cloning still appears to be a fiction.There is no solid scientific evidence that anyone
2、 has cloned human embryos at present.In 2004，a group in South Korea published a paper in the journal Science in which it claimed to have created a cloned human embryo in a test tube.However，an independent scientific institute later found no proof to support the claim and，in January 2006，Science anno
3、unced that the paper had been withdrawn.In January 2008，Dr Samuel Wood and Dr Andrew French in California announced that they successfully created the first 5 fully grown human embryos using DNA from adult skin cells，aiming to provide a source of viable embryonic stem cells.But Dr Wood stated that i
4、f that were possible，using the technology for reproductive cloning would be both immoral and illegal.The 5 cloned embryos were destroyed.The various forms of human cloning are controversial.Most scientific，governmental and religious organizations oppose reproductive cloning.Therefore，some people hav
5、e considered the idea of growing organs separately from a human organismin doing this，a new organ supply could be established without the moral problem of harvesting them from humans.【词海拾贝】1genetically adv.从遗传学角度，从基因角度2viable adj.切实可行的，有望实现的3reproductive adj.生殖的，再生产的【问题思考】1What is human cloning?_答案：
6、Human Cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing or previously existing human.2What is most peoples attitude to human cloning?_答案：They oppose reproductive cloning.为单词选择正确的释义1commercialA装饰2undertake B最初的，开始的3breakthrough C假定；设想4procedure D媒介；手段；工具5altogether E程序；步骤；手续6medi
7、um F规则；规章；法规7assumption G商业的；贸易的8regulation H着手；从事；承担9initial I缺点；不利条件10drawback J总共；完全地11decoration K突破答案：1G2H3K4E5J6D7C8F9B10I11A.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_ n双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一 adj.成对的；成双的2_ vt.扔；投；掷3_ vt.获得；赢得4_ vt.获得；到达(水平，年龄，状况等)5_ adj.道德(上)的；伦理的6_ vt.欠(账，钱，人情等)；归功于7_ vi.退休；离开8_ vt.打扰 vi.操心 n烦扰9_ n羽毛10_ adj.合情理的；
8、讲道理的；公道的答案：1.twin2.cast3.obtain4.attain5.moral6owe7.retire8.bother9.feather10reasonable.根据英语释义写出单词1_：outspoken2_：correct in every detail3_：a change that makes sth more accurate than it was before4_：be different5_：be against6_：collect or gather over a period of time7_：hit someone or something8_：havin
9、g too much pride9_：be against someone10_：only11_：not able to do something12_：admire very much答案：1.straightforward2.exact3.correction4.differ5object6.accumulate7.strike8.vain9.resist10merely11.unable12.adore.选用正确短语的适当形式完成句子differ from；pay off；cast down；object to；in favour of；to be exact；strike.into o
10、nes heart(s)；from time to time；be bound to；bring.back to life；in vain；in good condition1Dont lose heart.Your efforts will _ sooner or later.答案：pay off2Robert sat there alone，looking _What had happened to him?答案：cast down3Are you _ Tonys suggestion that we should work around the clock to meet the dea
11、dline?答案：in favour of4His parents _ his going to the USA for further study，because they thought he was too young.答案：objected to5He will set off the day after tomorrow，_，on May 26，Tuesday.答案：to be exact6My opinion about the problem _ yours.I think things will get better if we try our best.答案：differs
12、from7Our teacher _ the importance of safety _，so we were all careful when crossing the street.答案：struckinto our hearts8Though the building was built in the 1980s，it is still _答案：in good condition9The old kindhearted man donated money to charities _ though he didnt have much money.答案：from time to tim
13、e10To our great delight，the badly injured boy was _ by the experienced doctors.答案：brought back to life11I am afraid your efforts are _；he wouldnt listen to others.答案：in vain12There appeared a rainbow.The weather _ get better.答案：was bound to课文表层理解.判断正(T)误(F)1A cloned animal usually dies earlier than
14、the original one.(T)2Cloned people could live forever.(F)3Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently.(F)4The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because it provides the nucleus.(T)5There were many arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.(T).读课文回答
15、问题1What are the two major uses of cloning?_答案：The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants.The second is to research on new plant species and do medical research on animals.2Why is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones?_答案：Cloning plants is straightforward，but t
16、he cloning of animals is very complicated.3What was the first clone from an adult animal？At what age did this clone die?_答案：The first clone from an adult animal was Dolly，the sheep.She died in 2003 at the age of 6 and a half.4Why is cloning controversial in some countries?_答案：It is for moral and rel
17、igious reasons.读课文完成表格DivisionMain ideaDetailed factsPara 1The definition of cloningCloning is a way of making an 1._ copy of another animal or plant.Para 2Two major uses of cloning and the procedure of cloning Dolly，the sheepFirstly，gardeners use it to produce 2._ quantities of plants.Secondly，it i
18、s valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.Cloning plants is 3._ while cloning animals is complicated.Cloning animals is a difficult task to 4._But at last the determination and patience of the scientists 5._ in 1996 with a 6._Para 3The birth and death of DollyC
19、loning scientists were 7._ to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years.Para 4The impact of DollyDollys appearance raised a storm of 8._ and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.It became controversial.Para 5
20、Controversy brought by DollySome governments began to reform their legal systems and 9._ research into human cloning，but other countries continued to 10._ evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.答案：1.exactmercial3.straightforward4undertake5.paid off6.breakthrough7.cast down8.
21、objections9.forbade10.accumulate课文深层理解.主旨匹配Para 1AThe major uses and procedures of cloningPara 2 BThe definition of cloningPara 3 CPeoples reaction to cloningPara 4 DThe problems of DollyPara 5 EThe effect of Dolly答案：Para 1BPara 2APara 3DPara 4EPara 5C.单项选择1Which of the following statements about cl
22、oning is NOT true according to the text?ACloning is something that has been developed quite recently.BTwins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg.CCloning is used by gardeners to make more money.DAnimal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.答案：A2The cloning of Dolly
23、，the sheep succeeded because _Aits easier to clone a sheep than other animalsBthe scientists were determined and worked hard with patienceCthe scientists were rewarded and got lots of moneyDmany other attempts to clone mammals failed答案：B3The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep B because _Ait pr
24、ovides the egg cellBit gives birth to the lambCit provides the nucleusDit is a female sheep答案：C4. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _ Athe normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other speciesBDollys serious disease and final death disturbed the whole worldCDolly s
25、uccessfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientistsDthere were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning答案：D5What is the writers attitude towards cloning in this passage?AObjective.BNegative.CPositive. DUnclear.答案：A.感悟下列句子所用句型并尝试译成汉语1It is a difficult task
26、 to_undertake_答案：它是一项很难完成的任务。2Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated._答案：克隆植物简单，但克隆动物非常复杂。3Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain，newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain th
27、eir ambitions._答案：尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得，报纸报道却说，有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。4Then_came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill._答案：接着传来多莉病重的坏消息。如何写议论文1.在文章的开头提出有争议的观点(一般提出两个相对的观点然后客观地对其进行评析)。2接下来可用一个或两个段落分别展开论述。在每段中，均可用主题句来点明论点，并对这些论点进行比较和对比、分析和评论。3文章结尾对所论述观点进行客观、合理的评论，提出自己的看法、建议，表示自己对某一
28、现象或论点的赞成或反对，阐明立场；或者也可以将不同观点相互融合，选其可取之处，形成自己独到的观点。【典型句式】1There are different opinions among people as to.Some people suggest that.2Peoples opinions about.vary from person to person.Some people say that.3Everything has two sides and.is not an exception；it has both advantages and disadvantages.4On the
29、contrary，there are some people in favour of.At the same time，they say.5There are several measures for us to adopt.First.6Faced with.we should take a series of effective measures to.For one thing.for another.7As far as I am concerned，I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that.8Compar
30、ing this with that，however，I prefer to.9For my part，I think it reasonable to.Only in this way can you.10From what has been discussed above，we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that.人们完成工作的方式通常有两种：独立完成和合作完成，两种方式各有特点。请你以“Working Individually or Working in a Team”为题，按照以下要点写一篇英语短文。1独立完成：自行安排，自己解决问
31、题。2合作完成：一起讨论、相互学习。3我喜欢的方式和理由。注意：词数100左右。【写作要点】1提出完成工作有两种方式。2分别叙述独立完成工作和合作完成工作这两种方式。3写出自己喜欢的方式和理由。【范文点评】范文点评Working individually or working in a teamThere_are_basically_two ways_to get work doneOne_is_to_work individuallyIn this way，people can decide for themselves when to start work and how to do it
32、.Whats_more，they will be able to learn how to solve problems on their own.People_may_also_choose_to_work in_a team，where they can learn from each other and help each other.Besides，they may work out better ways to get work done by discussion.Personally，I_prefer_to_work_in_a_team.On the one hand，it of
33、fers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and to share my experience with them.On the other hand，as the work can be divided among several people，it can be done efficiently.Therefore，teamwork is always important.本文针对人们对独立完成工作和合作完成工作这两种方式的看法，分别给出两方的理由，并写出自己喜欢的方式及理由。文章层次清楚，用词准确，过渡自然。提出话题，引
34、出下文。一方观点，后文紧接理由。Whats more用得恰当，自然。提出另一方观点。Besides用得准确，且避免了用词重复。提出自己的观点假如你是李明，你班同学最近参加了某报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：要不要克隆人类。请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社编辑投稿，客观介绍讨论的情况。40%的学生的观点30%的学生的观点1.克隆人非常有意义。2.能使世界变得更加有趣，给人们带来更多的欢乐。3.可以克隆一些著名科学家，让他们为人类做更多的事情1.不能克隆人类。2.每个人都是很特别的，被克隆的人只不过是复制品罢了。3.克隆人可能被坏人利用你的观点：1.现在还很难说克隆人类是对还是不对。2.也许我们只
35、得等待注意：1信的开头和结尾已为你写好。2词数100左右。Dear editor，Recently we have had a discussion on whether we should clone humans._Yours sincerely，Li Ming答案：Dear_editor，Recently_we_have_had_a_discussion_on_whether_we_should_clone_humans.40 percent of the students think cloning humans very meaningful.It can make the worl
36、d more interesting and give people more pleasure.We can clone some famous scientists and let them do more things for humans.30 percent of the students think we cant clone humans.Each of us is special，but a cloned person is only a copy.Whats worse，cloned people may be used by some bad persons.As far
37、as I am concerned，it is difficult right now to say whether cloning humans is right or not.Perhaps we will just have to wait and see.Yours_sincerely，Li_Ming.单句语法填空在句中空白处填上适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1The eating habits in the north differ very much _ those in the south.答案：from2Leaves are found on all kinds
38、 of trees，but they differ greatly _ all sizes and shapes.答案：in3I know _ (exact) how she felt.答案：exactly4He undertook _ (buy) me a car.答案：to buy5The men were paid _ on the last day before the holiday.答案：off6Her parents paid _ her to go to Canada.答案：for7Dont be so cast _Just keep your spirits up.答案：do
39、wn8The main objection _ the plan was that it would cost too much.答案：to9Many local people object _ the building of the new airport.答案：to10The standard is easily _ (attain) by most students.答案：attainable11My brother was forbidden _ (play) the online games by my parents，so he was sad and angry.答案：to pl
40、ay12Students are forbidden _ referring to their notes in the examination.答案：from13The tourism in this place will have an impact _ the local environment.答案：on14Some experts at the meeting were _ favour of this project.答案：in15My idea is _ you should apologize to your teacher.答案：that16The question is _
41、 we should ask them for help or not.答案：whether17I told his secret to others.Thats _ he got angry with me.答案：why18I am fond of pop music _ my parents like classical music.答案：while.完成句子1Their languages and customs _ (彼此不同) as they are from different countries.答案：differ from each other2_ (尽管他谈了半个小时)，I
42、still cant understand how on earth his remarks relate to what we are discussing now.答案：Although/Though/While he has talked for half an hour3_/_ (我突然想到) nobody was in favour of the change.答案：It struck me that/It occurred to me that4They think it important _ (他们为无家可归的人提供地方) to stay.答案：for them to prov
43、ide places for homeless people5Only through study _ (才能获得知识)答案：can knowledge be obtained6_ (有这么多美食要品尝)，you can enjoy yourself in the Food Festival.答案：With so much delicious food to taste7_ (大火被扑灭后不久)，the department store opened for business again.答案：Shortly after the big fire was put out.阅读理解阅读下面短文，
44、从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。The boy made it!One Sunday，Nicholas，a teenager，went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine.In the early afternoon，when he was planning to go home，a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.Unable to see far，he accidentally turned off the path.Before he knew it，Nicholas was los
45、t，all alone! He didnt have food，water，a phone，or other supplies.He was getting colder by the minute.Nicholas had no idea where he was.He tried not to panic.He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV.It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.He decided to stop skiing.Ther
46、e was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put.The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.If he didnt，his body temperature would get very low，which could quickly kill him.Using his skis，Nicholas built a snow cave.He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug
47、out a hole in the middle.Then he piled branches on top of himself，like a blanket，to stay as warm as he could.By that evening，Nicholas was really hungry.He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldnt lose too much water.Not knowing how much longer he could last，Nicholas did
48、 the only thing he couldhe huddled (蜷缩)in his cave and slept.The next day，Nicholas went out to look for help，but he couldnt find anyone.He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave，because without shelter，he could die that night.On Tuesday，Nicholas went out again to find help.He had walked f
49、or about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.After two days stuck in the snow，Nicholas was saved.Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV.He had often watched Grylls survival show Man vs.Wild.Thats where he learned the tips that saved his life.In each episode (一期
50、节目) of Man vs.Wild，Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.When Grylls heard about Nicholas amazing deeds，he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了尼古拉斯在一次滑雪时迷路，利用自己在电视里学到的求生
51、技能成功获救的故事。1What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?AHe got lost.BHe broke his skis.CHe hurt his eyes. DHe caught a cold.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第四句话“Before he knew it，Nicholas was lost，all alone！”可知，一个周日的下午尼古拉斯迷路了，故答案为A项。答案：A2How did Nicholas keep himself warm?AHe found a shelter.BHe lighted some bra
52、nches.CHe kept on skiing.DHe built a snow cave.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，尼古拉斯挖了一个雪洞来保暖，故答案为D项。答案：D3. On Tuesday，Nicholas _Areturned to his shelter safelyBwas saved by a searcherCgot stuck in the snowDstayed where he was解析：细节理解题。根据第六段第四句话“He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.”可
53、知，是一个搜寻者救了尼古拉斯，故答案为B项。答案：B4Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he _ Adid the right things in the dangerous situation Bwatched Grylls TV programme regularly Ccreated some tips for survival Dwas very hardworking解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，尤其是“how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive”可知应选A。答案：
54、A .七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TV is not only a convenient and cheap service of entertainment，but also a splendid mass medium of communication.People only have to pay once to buy the TV set，then they can sit at home enjoying the items on TV._1_ TV keeps us well informed about the cur
55、rent events at home and abroad and the latest development in science and technology.The most distant countries and the strangest customs are brought right into our room.On TV everything is much more living and much more real._2_ Some people even say that life without television is not worth living._
56、3_ They think the TV viewers need do nothing.The viewer does not even have to use his legs if he has a remote control.Many people are glued to seats to look at the movements on TV._4_ As a result，TV is taking up too much of a persons life and making him lazy，not to mention its harmful influence upon
57、 him，such as the items of violence and pornography on television in some countries.On the whole，there are more advantages than disadvantages in the use of TV._5_ But we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad.Its value to people and society depends on how we look at it.AA larg
58、e number of TV sets are produced every year.BAll they have to do is to push a button or turn a knob，and they can see plays，films，operas and shows of every kind.CSome people argue against TV.DYet different people may have different attitudes toward TV.EThey become so dependent on its pictures that it
59、 begins to control their lives.FAs a matter of fact，it has become so much a part of human life that a modern world without television is unimaginable.GMost people are couch potatoes.答案：1.B2.F3.C4.E5.D.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A welcome giftDario and his mother loved their ne
60、w apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night，the two of them _1_ side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud _2_ filled the room and made them feel very happy.The next morning，_3_，their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a _4_
61、under their door during the night.One of their neighbours had written to complain (抱怨) about the sound of the piano.Darios mother asked the building superintendent (管理员) if he knew anything about it.But he said that they were all _5_ people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that.Later that
62、 morning，Dario suggested that they write a letter to their _6_ and apologize for their playing.“Maybe we could go and _7_ everyone in person，” his mother said.“What if we invited them to come here for a _8_ instead？” Dario asked.They both loved the _9_Over the next few days，they sent out invitations
63、 and prepared desserts _10_ their guests.They decorated the apartment with streamers (彩带) and party lights.Finally，the day of the party _11_Some guests brought presents.Others brought flowers.Some even brought desserts to _12_One woman，Mrs Gilbert，_13_ Darios mother with a book of piano music by Cho
64、pin.“I heard you playing the other night，” she said.“The sounds woke me out of bed.I _14_ that you might play like this every night.So I wrote a short note.I hope you dont think I disliked the playing.”Darios mother smiled at Mrs Gilbert.“I think maybe we _15_ you an apology，” she said.“I didnt _16_
65、 how late it was when we were playing.Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”“You play，you play！” Mrs Gilbert said.“I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.” She pointed to the book she had given them.“These songs are not such _17_ music.”“These songs are beautiful music，” Darios
66、mother said.“We will be _18_ to play them in the evening.”“And we wont play so loud or late！” Dario said.He was already looking forward to _19_ the new music.More than that，however，he was happy to see the big smile on his mothers face.It gave him a feeling of _20_ and made him feel that they were ho
67、me at last.【语篇解读】 达里奥和他母亲因乔迁新居在深夜弹钢琴庆祝而影响了邻居的休息，后来他们通过举办一个聚会加强了彼此之间的沟通和理解。1A.satBstoodClay Dwalked解析：根据空后的“side by side at the piano”可知，他们应该是坐(sat)在一起的。答案：A2A.voice BringCmusic Dcry解析：根据上文中的“They played jazz music”可知，这里应该是吵闹的音乐(music)充满了整个房间。答案：C3A.therefore BhoweverCotherwise Dinstead解析：根据上文中的“made
68、 them feel very happy”以及空后的“their happiness disappeared”可知，此处应为转折关系，故用however。答案：B4A.note BposterCbill Dreport解析：根据下文中的“One of their neighbours had written to complain about the sound of the piano.”可知，这里指一张便条(note)。答案：A5A.proud BrichClucky Dnice解析：根据下文中的“he couldnt imagine any of them had done that”
69、可知，管理员认为邻居们都很友善(nice)。答案：D6A.neighbours BfriendsCrelatives Daudiences解析：根据上文一位邻居留便条抱怨可知，他们应该是给邻居们(neighbours)写信致歉。答案：A7A.blame BinstructCquestion Dvisit解析：根据“we could go”和“in person”可知，这里是表示“拜访(visit)每一个人”。答案：D8A.party BconcertCshow Dplay解析：根据下文中的“party lights”和“the day of the party”可知，他们是想举办一个聚会(pa
70、rty)。答案：A9A.experience BideaCperformance Daction解析：根据上文达里奥的建议可知，他和母亲都喜欢这个想法(idea)。答案：B10A.to BwithCfor Dfrom解析：prepare sb for sth意思是“为某人准备某物”，这里指他们为邻居们准备了一些甜点。答案：C11A.continued BarrivedCpassed Dfinished解析：根据下文中的“Some guests brought presents”可知，最后，聚会那天到了(arrived)。答案：B12A.order BsellCshare Dadvertise解
71、析：因为是参加聚会，所以一些邻居带甜点是用来分享(share)的。答案：C13A.treated BpresentedChelped Dserved解析：treat“款待”；present“赠送”；help“帮助”；serve“服务”。present sb with sth意思是“赠给某人某物”，根据语境，这里表示吉尔伯特夫人给达里奥的母亲带来了一本书。答案：B14A.promised BadmittedCagreed Dworried解析：根据下文中的“you might play like this every night”可知，这里应该是说吉尔伯特夫人当时很担忧(worried)。答案：
72、D15A.give BsendCoffer Dowe解析：达里奥的母亲认为他们应该向吉尔伯特夫人道歉。owe sb sth“欠某人某物”，符合语境。答案：D16A.realize BrememberCunderstand Daccept解析：根据上下文语境可知，这里表示他们当时没有意识到(realize)他们那么晚了还在弹钢琴。答案：A17A.sweet BstrangeCfunny Dloud解析：根据上文中的“Just not so loud”可知，这些歌曲不是那么吵闹(loud)。答案：D18A.brave BsorryChappy Dafraid解析：根据上下文语境可知，他们将会非常高兴(happy)在晚上弹奏这些音乐。答案：C19A.changing BpractisingCrecording Dwriting解析：因为是新的音乐，所以达里奥很期盼练习(practising)。答案：B20A.equality BfreedomCwarmth Dsympathy解析：根据下文中的“made him feel that they were home at last”可知，他们融入了新的生活，应该有温暖(warmth)的感觉。答案：C
