1、Unit 4 Sharing基础自主检测阅读识记.英译汉1.fortnight n. 两星期2.platform n. 台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台b n. 梳子vi. 梳(发)4.catalogue n. 目录5.trunk n. 树干；躯干；大衣箱6.tailor n. 裁缝vt. 剪裁；缝制(衣服).汉译英1.roof n. 屋顶；车顶2.muddy adj. 泥泞的；泥土般的3.concept n. 观念；概念4.remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的5.privilege n. 特权；特别优待6.astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人高频应用1.textbook n. 教科书；
2、课本2.weekly adj.& adv. 每周(的)3.otherwise conj. 否则；不然adv. 用别的方法；其他方面4.toast vt. 烤(面包等)；敬酒 n. 烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯5.purchase vt.& n. 买；购买 6.anniversary n. 周年纪念(日)7.seed n. 种子；萌芽8.click vi.& vt. (使) 发出咔哒声n. 咔哒声9.clinic n. 门诊部；小诊所拓展变形1.relevant (adj.) 有关的；切题的irrelevant (反义词) (adj.) 无关紧要的；不切题的relevance (n.) 有关；切
3、题relevantly (adv.) 有关地；切题地2.adjust (vi.& vt.) 调整；(使)适合adjustable (adj.) 可调整的adjustment (n.) 调整；调节；适应3.participate (vi.) 参与；参加participation (n.) 参加；参与participant (n.) 参与者4.arrangement (n.) 安排；排列arrange (v.) 安排；排列5.angle (n.) 角；角度angel (形近词) (n.) 天使6.donate (vt.) 捐赠donation (n.) 捐赠；赠送donator (n.) 捐赠者7
4、.voluntary (adj.) 自愿的；志愿的；无偿的voluntarily (adv.) 志愿地volunteer (v.) 自愿 (n.) 志愿者8.economic (adj.) 经济的；经济学的economy (n.) 经济economical (adj.) 经济的；节约的；合算的9.political (adj.) 政治的；政党的politics (n.) 政治politician (n.) 政治家10.distribute (vt.) 分配；分发distribution (n.) 分配；分发；分布状态11.financial (adj.) 财务的；金融的；财政的finance
5、(n.) 财政；资金12.security (n.) 安全；保护；保障secure (adj.) 安全的；稳定的 (vt.) (使)获得；使安全；获得安全13.operate (vi.) 工作；运转 (vt.) 操作operation (n.) 手术；运转operator (n.) 操作人员1.以“s”结尾的非复数名词politics 政治news 新闻physics 物理abacus 算盘economics 经济学linguistics 语言学2.常用“y”结尾的形容词一览muddy 泥泞的sunny 阳光充足的windy 多风的；夸夸其谈的rainy 多雨的cloudy 多云的；阴天的fo
6、ggy 雾气蒙蒙的stormy 狂风暴雨般的snowy 积雪覆盖的3.含“able”后缀的高频形容词adjustable 可调节的respectable 可敬的adaptable 可适应的reasonable 合理的agreeable 欣然同意的variable 可变化的一 动词介/副词1hear from 收到的信2come across 偶然遇到3stick out 伸出4get through 完成；穿过；接通电话5participate in 参与；参加6dry out (河流、井等)干涸7provide . for . 为提供二 be形容词介词8(be) dying to 极想；渴望
7、9be relevant to . 和有关三 其他10the other day 不久前的一天11make a difference to 对有影响；起作用12in need 在困难中；在危急中1“v.from”短语hear from 收到的信date from 追溯到result from 由于escape from 从逃脱benefit from 从中获益2“与有关”多种表达be relevant to 与有关be related to 与有关be connected with 与有关in connection with 与有关/相连be associated with 与有关_1“名词/
8、代词/数词ofwhich/whom .”引导定语从句Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most_of_whom (他们中的大多数人) will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.(教材P29)2doubt whether . “怀疑是否”To be honest, I doubt_whether (怀疑是否) Im making any difference to these boys lives at all.(教材P29)3do
9、/does/did动词原形，对句子的谓语进行强调But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did_visit (确实拜访了) a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.(教材P29)4“介词where”引导的定语从句We walked for two and a half hours to get therefirst up a mountain to a ridge from_where (从那里) we had fantastic views and then down a
10、 steep path to the valley below.(教材P29)5“adj.enough” 结构There were no windows and the doorway was just big_enough_to_get_through (足够大以进入). (教材P30)6what if “如果将会怎样；如果怎么办”She was dying to see him again but what_if_he_didnt_want_to_see_her (如果他不想见她怎么办)？(教材P32)7not . but . “不是而是”，连接并列成分The gift you give
11、is not (不是) something your loved one keeps but (而是) a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.(教材P34)单句语法填空1Thanks for your letter, _ took a fortnight to arrive.答案：which2I know youre dying _ (hear) all about my life here.答案：to hear3The other day I was showing the boys t
12、he weekly chemistry experiment _， before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!答案：when4The boys _ had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.答案：who5Thats _ (actual) quite difficult as I dont speak much of the local English dialect yet.答案：actually
13、6There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get _.答案：through7Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform _ us.答案：with8He then covered the vegetables _ banana leaves and left them to steam.答案：with9We ate inside the hut _ (sit) round th
14、e fire.答案：sitting10I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate _ the conversation.答案：in考点步步冲关1 adjustvi.& vt.调整；(使)适合The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.(P30)小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。(1)adjust . to . 调整以适
15、应adjust to sth./doing sth. 适应(做)某事adjust oneself to 使自己适应于(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应make an adjustment 作出调整(3)adjustable adj. 可调整的即时练1单句语法填空This kind of desk can be _ (adjust) to the height you need. Besides, its not expensive at all.We have made an _ (adjust) to our price and give you a special disc
16、ount of 3 percent.When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to _ (live) on his own.答案：adjustedadjustmentliving一句多译在高中时迈克的妈妈为他做了几乎所有的事情。这让他难以适应大学第一年的生活。Mikes mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, _.(定语从句)Mikes mother did almost everything for him when he was
17、in high school, _.(现在分词作结果状语)答案：which made it difficult for him to adjust to the firstyear college lifemaking it difficult for him to adjust to the firstyear college life2 participatevi.参加；参与I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not parti
18、cipate in the conversation. (P30)我很喜欢听这家人轻声细语地谈话，尽管我不能参与到他们的谈话中。(1)participate in (doing) sth.参加(做)某事participate with sb. in sth. 与某人分担某事；同某人一起参与某事(2)participant n. 参加者；参与者participation n. 参与；参加即时练2单句写作在老师的鼓励下，参与者积极参加英语演讲比赛。他们的参与鼓励了班上其他人努力学习。Encouraged by the teacher, the _ actively _ the English sp
19、eech contest. Their _ inspired the rest of the class to study hard.答案：participants; participated in; participation单句写作词汇升级有那么多的学生参加比赛，你要保持你的冠军地位很难。a普通表达：So many students _ the competition, so it is difficult for you to hold your championship.b高级表达：_ the competition, it is difficult for you to hold y
20、our championship.(with复合结构)答案：a.take part inbWith so many students participating in3 donatevt.捐赠；赠送Would you like to donate an unusual gift？(P34)你愿意捐献一份不平常的礼物吗？(1)donate . to . 把捐赠给(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献donation of . 的捐赠make a donation to 向捐赠(3)donator n. 捐赠者即时练3单句语法填空Besides, we have made a _ (donate
21、) of some money, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty.The doctor is looking for a _ (donate) with the rare blood type.Yesterday, our school held a charity benefit, and many people made donations _ the Green Project Hope.答案：donationdonatorto单句写作句式升级这位老人为学校捐献了很多钱，让学生们重返教室。a普通表达：The
22、 old man _ the school. It enables the students to return to their classrooms.b高级表达：_(分词作状语)答案：a.donated a lot of money tobThe old man donated a lot of money to the school, enabling the students to return to their classrooms.4 operatevi.工作；运转；动手术vt.操作This gift covers the cost of exercise books and te
23、xtbooks for community primary schools that operate in poor or remote villages.(P35)这份礼物包括贫穷或偏远村庄社区小学的练习本和课本的费用。(1)operate on sb. 给某人做手术(2)operation n. 操作；手术；运转in operation 工作中；使用中；生效perform an operation 做手术put sth. into operation 实施某事；使某物运转come into operation 开始工作；开始生效operating system (计算机)操作系统即时练4写
24、出下列句中operate的含义People were trapped between floors because the lift didnt operate properly._No matter which machine he operates, he will deal with it carefully._If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldnt have died. _The medicine will operate in ten minutes._The people operating these facto
25、ries are deeply concerned about the environment._答案：运转操作做手术起作用经营单句语法填空For most people, its almost impossible _ (operate) a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet.With an increasing number of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a lot of activities.Were all ready to put
26、 it _ operation; in other words, were going to take action as fast as possible.答案：to operateoperationinto1(be) dying to do sth. 渴望做某事教材原句I know youre dying to hear all about my life here, so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.(P29)我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况，所以我在信中附有几
27、张照片，会帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。(1) 渴望得到某物(2) (3)die of/from 死于即时练1单句语法填空Weve been walking for an hour, Im dying _ a cold drink.Mike is eager _ (stay) away from the busy city life for a while.The animals died _ starvation in the snow.答案：forto stayof一句多译退休后，这位老人渴望回到家乡度过余生。The old man _ for the rest of his life af
28、ter his retirement. (dying)The old man _ for the rest of his life after his retirement. (long)答案：is dying to go back to his hometownis longing to go back to his hometown2in need 在困难中；在危急中教材原句 . bring hope for a better future to a community in need.(P34)给急需帮助的社区带来改善未来的希望。in need of 需要satisfy/meet one
29、s needs 满足某人的需要neednt have done . 本来没必要做而做了There is no need (for sb.) to do . (某人)没必要做即时练2单句语法填空Thousands of people donated money and food to children _ need.Your project is intended to meet their _ (need), so you must consider their opinions.We neednt _ (pack) our thick clothes. The weather was rea
30、lly warm.There is no need _ (put) the meeting ahead because we still have three weeks before the end of the term.As he was in need _ money, he was forced to sacrifice the furniture.答案：inneedshave packedto putof1We walked for two and a half hours to get therefirst up a mountain to a ridge from_where
31、we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.(P29)翻译我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里先是爬山，爬到山脊，从那里我们看到了奇妙的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。句中from where引导的定语从句修饰a ridge，关系副词where前一般不加介词，但from where却是个例外。此处from where相当于and from there (从那儿)，用于引导非限制性定语从句。如：He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see t
32、he enemy in the distance.他躲在一棵树上，从那儿他可以看到远处的敌人。名师点津在“介词关系词”型定语从句中，关系词常为which和whom，而关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，除了from where外，还有since when(相当于and from then)也属特例，需特别注意。即时练1单句语法填空His head soon appeared out of the window, from _ he saw nothing but trees.I have bought that house, and from _ I can enjoy the be
33、autiful scene of Yangpu Bridge.My cousin graduated from Beijing Normal University in 2008, since _ he has worked as a teacher in a middle school.答案：wheretherewhen一句多译艾丽斯站在窗户旁边，从那里她可以观看同学们踢足球。Alice stood at the window, and _ her classmates playing football.Alice stood at the window, _ her classmates
34、playing football.答案：from there she could watchfrom where she could watch2The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.(P34)翻译你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。not . but . “不是而是”，在句中连接两个表语。当连接两个并列主语时，谓语的单复数形式应同就
35、近的主语保持一致。符合“就近一致”原则的连接词组还有：(1)not only . but also . 不但，而且(2)neither . nor . 既不，也不(3)either . or . 或者，或者名师点津“not only . but also .”连接两个分句且not only位于句首时，前一分句用倒装结构，后一分句不用倒装。即时练2单句写作不是乘客而是司机应对这次事故负责。Not passengers but the driver _ for the accident.老实说，有时候投票者感到恼怒不是因为他们讨厌投票，而是因为他们在情感和公平之间左右为难。To be honest
36、, voters sometimes feel annoyed, _， but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. 我们不仅可以展出我们俱乐部的作品，而且还可以让一位这一领域的著名艺术家为我们制作一套有价值的剪纸。_ our clubs works be displayed, but we also will have a valuable set of papercuttings created by a famous artist of this field.真正重要的不是你将给我们多少钱，而是你会出席这个仪式。No
37、t how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony really _.答案：is to blamenot because they hate votingNot only willmatters定语从句综述及限制性定语从句定语从句基本概念在主从复合句中作定语修饰名词或代词的句子，被称作定语从句。定语从句一般跟在先行词后面。The exact year was 2008. Angela and her family spent the year together in China.The exact
38、 year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.Angela和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年确切来说是2008年。定语从句常用关系词关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词：when, where, why1that/which关系代词指代物，在从句中充当主语或宾语，在介词后只能用which。Maybe you have a habit. The habit is driving your family crazy.Maybe you have a hab
39、it which/that is driving your family crazy.或许你有一个使你家人抓狂的习惯。2that/who/whom 关系代词指代人，that/who在从句中充当主语或宾语；whom 在从句中充当宾语，在介词后只能使用whom。Have you sent thankyou notes to your friends? You received gifts from them.Have you sent thankyou notes to your friends from whom you received gifts?你给那些你从他们那儿收到礼物的朋友们寄送感谢
40、便条了吗？3whose 关系代词即可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语。A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.来自国内市场的利润正在下降的公司可能向国外寻求机会。4as关系代词引导限制性定语从句，先行词前有so, as, such, the same等词修饰，先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。5when引导定语从句，在从句中充当时间状语，相当于“in/a
41、t/on which”。Im looking forward to the day. My daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her on the day.Im looking forward to the day on which/when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我一直期待着我女儿能读懂这本书并且知道我对她感情的那一天。6where 引导定语从句，在从句中充当地点状语，相当于“介词which”。Students should
42、 involve themselves in community activities. In the activities they can gain experience for growth.Students should involve themselves in community activities in which/where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与到社区活动，从中他们能获得成长的经验。7why 引导定语从句，在从句中充当原因状语，相当于for which。This is the reason. Im in fav
43、or of the plan for this reason.This is the reason for which/why Im in favor of the plan.这是我赞成这个计划的原因。8当先行词为the way, 并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，可以用that，也可以用in which，还可以省略。What surprised me was not what he said but the way (that/in which) he said it.令我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。即时练.单句语法填空1This is the little girl _ parent
44、s were killed in the earthquake.答案：whose2Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_ school education depends.答案：which3As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time_ he should be able to be independent.答案：when4I was impressed by the way _ which she did it.答案：
45、in5They have reached the point _ they have to separate with each other.答案：where.单句改错1Do you know the professor whom is speaking at the meeting?_答案：whomthat/who2Where is the book which I bought it this morning?_答案：去掉it3You are the only one of the family whom has received education._答案：whomthat/who4Th
46、e reason which I didnt finish my homework was that I had a terrible headache._答案：whichwhy5The first place where they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill._答案：wherethat基础达标演练.单句语法填空1My parents had trouble adjusting to _ (live) in an apartment.答案：living2The doctor said that the patient had to be
47、operated _ at once, which made us all worried.答案：on3It was _ privilege to perform on the same stage with such a superstar. 答案：a4The application WeChat provides a networking platform _ communication is faster and easier.答案：where5If this product does not give you complete satisfaction, please return i
48、t to the manufacturer, stating when it _ (purchase)答案：is purchased6During the last three decades, the number of people _ (participate) in physical fitness programmes has increased sharply.答案：participating7After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, Chinese astronauts are _ (die) to walk in spa
49、ce.答案：dying8A local woman has given her ninemonth baby a second life by _ (donate) part of her liver on Sunday.答案：donating9The typhoon swept the _ (roof) of many houses, causing great damage to the local people.答案：roofs10Not the way he did it _ his words were criticized by the people present.答案：but.
50、单句改错1Yesterday there was a sports meeting in our school with hundreds of students participating._答案：participating后加in2It is no need for us to wish for the things that dont belong to us._答案：ItThere3The little girl was finally found hidden behind the door, from there she could hear what her parents sa
51、id._答案：therewhere4Being abroad for so many years, I always look forward to hear from my family._答案：hearhearing5According to todays news report, so far a large sum of money has donated to the disasterstricken area to help the homeless people get through the hardship._答案：has后加been.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1两周前，一
52、个偏远的村庄不幸遭遇了洪灾。(remote)_答案：A fortnight ago, a remote village was struck by floods unfortunately.2据报道，很多人积极为困境中的人们捐款。(in need)_答案：Its reported that a great number of people donated money to the people who were in need.3此外，还有些人为幸存者买了很多必需品。(purchase; necessity)_答案：In addition, others purchased necessiti
53、es for the survivors.4令我们非常高兴的是，很多志愿者也参与到了救援工作中。(participate in)_答案：Much to our delight, a great many volunteers also participated in the rescue work.5事实上，大家都渴望为他们做点什么。(be dying to)_答案：Actually, everyone was dying to do something for them.6在大家的共同努力下，这个村庄很快得到了重建。(rebuild)_答案：It was with the joint eff
54、orts that the village was rebuilt soon.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：A fortnight ago, a remote village was struck by floods unfortunately. Its reported that a great number of people donated money to the people who were in need. In addition, others purchased necessities for the survivors. Much to our delight, a great many volunteers also participated in the rescue work. Actually, everyone was dying to do something for them. It was with the joint efforts that the village was rebuilt soon.
