1、第二部分专题一第3讲【真题达标组】A(2019 浙江卷， B)Money_with_no_strings_attached. Its not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”People quickly caught on. And w
2、hile many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socioeconomic (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollar
3、s.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip (片段) shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles，” Bridges said. “Theres a certa
4、in feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.” Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show gen
5、erosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.“After all, everyone has bad days and good days，” he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”()1.What do
6、es the expression “money with no strings attached” in Paragraph 1 mean?AMoney spent without hesitation. BMoney not legally made.CMoney offered without conditions. DMoney not tied together.()2.What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride? AWomen tended to be more sociable.BThe activity attra
7、cted various people.CEconomic problems were getting worse.DYoung couples needed financial assistance.()3.Why did Bridges carry out the project?ATo do a test on peoples morals. BTo raise money for his company.CTo earn himself a good reputation. DTo promote kindness and sympathy.【语篇解读】本文简单介绍了Tyler Bri
8、dges在洛杉矶发起的The Toolbox及其影响、意义。1C句义猜测题。no strings attached指“无附加条件”；without conditions意为“无条件”，故选C。后文“Give What You Can”也可体现。2B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“People of all ages, races, and socioeconomic backgrounds gave and took”可知有各种人都参与到了这个项目中，甚至包含新娘。3D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity a
9、nd sympathy.”可知这个项目的主要目的是鼓励人们心存善意、伸出援手。B(2018全国卷， D)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I
10、found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked.Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.She chose to sell a few larger o
11、bjects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)For weeks, Ive been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with,
12、 need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this.I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max.I chose a red rubber
13、ballsimple, universally available.We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it.It was totally, completely enough for him.Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of
14、 playing together.He had my full attention and I had his.My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.()4.What do the words “more is more” in Paragraph 1 Probably mean?AThe more, the better.BEnough is enough.CMore money, more worries.DEarn more and spend more.()5.What ma
15、de Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?ASaving up for her holiday.BRaising money for a poor girl.CAdding the money to her fund.DGiving the money to a sick mother.()6.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?ATo try out an idea.BTo show a parents love.CTo train his attention.DTo help him
16、start a hobby.()7.What can be a suitable title for the text?ATake It or Leave ItBA Lesson From KidsCLive More With LessDThe Pleasure of Giving【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。4A词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句“I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.”可以推断出，人们通常认为越
17、多越好。故选A。5C细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)”可知，当“我们”承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意了卖玩具。故选C。6A细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.”表明，跟Shepherd玩球
18、是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。7C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子“how to live more with less”，而接下来的第二、三段是作者的尝试，故C作标题适合。C(2018浙江卷， B)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fa
19、ll off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing n
20、umber of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台)The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,_plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among
21、 the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has
22、 also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plasticbag use it cancels out.However, longerlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be
23、used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute(质疑) these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.()8.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?AHelp increase grocery sales.BRecycle
24、the waste material.CStop things falling off trucks.DArgue for the use of plastic bags.()9.What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to?ABans on plastic bags.BEffects of city development.CHeadaches caused by garbage.DPlastic bags hung in trees.()10.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags ac
25、cording to plasticbag makers?AThey are quite expensive.BReplacing them can be difficult.CThey are less strong than plastic bags.DProducing them requires more energy.()11.What is the best title for the text?APlastic, Paper or NeitherBIndustry, Pollution and EnvironmentCRecycle or Throw AwayDGarbage C
26、ollection and Waste Control【语篇解读】本文讨论塑料袋和可以回收的袋子相比是否污染更大。一些人认为可以回收的袋子虽然很容易回收，但需要更多的能量来生产和运输，从这个角度来说，哪一个更环保还不能轻易确定。8D细节理解题。根据第二段的“plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.”可知，塑料袋制造商正在雇佣像斯坦这样的科学家，以证明他们的产
27、品并不像大多数人想象的那样坏，所以他是被雇佣来争取解除塑料袋使用禁令的，因此答案是D。9A词义猜测题。根据第二段第三句 “The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles.”可知，在加利福尼亚的90个城市禁止使用塑料袋，包括洛杉矶，所以本句的headwinds应该表示“对塑料袋禁令”，所以答案是A。10D细节理解题。根据第三段的“Among the bag makers arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to pu
28、rchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.”可知，在制袋商的争论中：许多城市仍然允许购物者购买纸袋，纸袋很容易回收，但需要更多的能量来生产和运输。所以答案是D。11A主旨大意题。根据整篇文章来看，主要是讨论塑料袋和可以回收的袋子哪一个更环保，所以题目应该选择A：Plastic, Paper or Neither。【模拟提能组】A(江西新余四中2020届高三年级暑假检测)What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a l
29、arge farm isnt a prerequisite for a modern growyourown lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can (装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips
30、 and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control whats on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “ Got into cooking my own food and started g
31、rowing my own herbs(香草)and foods for that fresh flavor，” she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farmfresh without a farm，” Loe said. Through her webs
32、ite Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony (阳台)? Plant some herbs. A window perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “theyre very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level，” she a
33、dded. “I think its a great place to start.” “Then try growing something from a seed，” she said, “like a tomato or some tea.”Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food, Loe noted, theres a moment when its bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try to keep it
34、in a time capsule in a canning jar，” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing whats in your food, knowing where it comes from.”In addition to being more in touch with the food shes eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing the
35、m and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the_bigger_picture，” she said, “that if we dont take care of the earth, no one will.”()1.The underlined word “prerequisite” (Para.1) is closest in meaning to “_”ArecipeBsubstituteCrequirementDchallenge()2.Why doe
36、s Loe suggest starting with herbs?AThey are used daily.BThey are easy to grow.CThey can grow very tallDThey can be eaten uncooked.()3.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?AIt can preserve their best flavor.BIt can promote her online sales.CIt can better her cooking skil
37、ls.DIt can improve their nutrition.()4.What is the “the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?AThe knowledge about good food.BThe way to live a growourown life.CThe joy of getting in touch with foods.DThe responsibility to protect our earth.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Loe是“自己种植”现代生
38、活方式的实践者，她热衷于自己种植香草和味道新鲜的食物，并将食物装入密封罐中保持以保持最佳的风味，更想通过自己的举动影响孩子们，让他们意识到保护地球的责任。1C词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“On a mere 1/10 of an acre and preserve much of the food they consume.”可知面积并不是硬要求。该句句意为：Loe在那里所做的一切证明，一个大农场对“自己种植”现代生活方式来说并不是一个硬要求。故选C项。2B细节理解题。根据第四段中“Start with herbs Just a little of the herbs”可知，香草很容易生长。故选
39、B项。3A细节理解题。根据第五段中“theres a moment when its bursting with its absolute peak flavor. I try to keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar”可知，将种植的事物装入密封罐中保存的好处是能够保持最佳的风味。故选A项。4D推理判断题。根据最后一段中尾句“that if we dont take care of the earth, no one will”可知，“the bigger picture”指的是保护地球的责任。故选D项。B(长春市普通高中2019年高三质量监测
40、二)Sleep repairs the body and the mind and helps prevent disease by strengthening the immune system.However, many adults do not get eight hours of sleep each night.The average adult today gets only 6.4 hours of sleep.Only in recent years have health professionals begun to realize the seriousness of s
41、leep deprivation in the working population.A significant number of people work at night, work long hours, or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag(时差反应)Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur durin
42、g sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally.In one study, thirteen healthy adult subjects who usually had normal sleep patterns were kept awake and carefully monitored in a lab during a period of 35 hours.During the experiment, the subjects were asked to perform several tasks, suc
43、h as mathematics and word problems, while undergoing scans of their brain activity.The researchers found that the temporal lobe (颞叶) of the brain, the region involved in language processing, was active during speech tasks in rested subjects but not in subjects who lacked enough sleep.After several h
44、ours without sleep, there was no activity within this region.Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage shortterm memory and reaction time thus causing a serious risk of accident.In one study of drivers, researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects
45、 as being drunk.They found that people who drove after being awake for 17 hours performed worse than those with a blood alcohol(血醇) level of 0.5 percent, the legal limit for drunk driving in most western European countries.The researchers concluded that countries with drunk driving laws should consi
46、der similar restrictions against sleepdeprived driving.()5.The underlined word “deprivation” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to “_”AweaknessBlossCdiscomfortDpain()6.The passage mentions all of the following as causes of sleep deprivation EXCEPT_.Ajet lagBlong work hoursCboring workDwork
47、ing at night()7.The purpose of the study described in Paragraph 2 was to determine_.Ahow many hours people can survive without sleepBhow people react when their sleep is interruptedCthe changes in brain activity that occur during sleepDthe effects of sleep deprivation on brain activity()8.Why does t
48、he author mention blood alcohol level in Paragraph 3?ATo show how sleep deprivation reduces the blood alcohol level.BTo show that sleep deprivation has the same dangerous effects as being drunk.CTo suggest that sleepdeprived drivers are also likely to drink.DTo argue against raising the legal limit
49、for drunk driving.【语篇解读】本文介绍缺少睡眠给人带来的影响。研究表明睡眠剥夺对大脑活动产生不利的影响，它和醉酒有同样的危险作用。5B词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Only in recent years have health professionals begun to realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the working population.”及本句关键词seriousness可知，是缺少睡眠的后果。划线词意为“缺少，损失”，故选B。6C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“A significant numbe
50、r of people work at night, work long hours, or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag.”可知，句中提到A、B、D，故选C。7D细节理解题。根据第二段的“Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the br
51、ain cannot function normally.”可知，研究目的是确定睡眠剥夺对大脑活动的影响。故选D。8B推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage shortterm memory and reaction time thus causing a serious risk of accident.In one study of drivers, researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the
52、same effects as being drunk.”可知，作者提到血醇水平是为了表明睡眠剥夺和醉酒有同样的危险作用。故选B。C(江西赣州一中2019高三冲刺压轴试卷)Most students, when asked about their ideal graduation gift, would probably reply, “a car”， or “money for a deposit on a house”Cai Kaiyuan, 21, made a different choice.As a graduation gift to himself, he decided to
53、 work as a volunteer teacher in a remote village in Tibet.Cai, a student at Hunan Railway Professional Technology College, at first planned to cycle from Sichuan to Tibet.It turned out cycling on a plateau(高原) was extremely challenging. And it has kept changing his opinion on life.Cais hands even be
54、came painful while cycling up a 5008meterhigh mountain, where temperatures often dropped to 18 below zero.At night, the ice covered the road and he fell off his bike three times.Little oxygen made him feel dizzy and weak.“At the most serious moment, I felt that was on_the_line，” said Cai.However, he
55、 also gained something unexpected.At Ya an, a city in Sichuan, he met a group of tourists who are also university students.A girl called Wu Ling told him that she planned to work as a teacher in a primary school in Tibet after her journey.He was impressed by the idea as she looked weak.It was not un
56、til he reached a familyrun hotel in Shigatse that Cais spirits began to rise.The hotel managers two daughters enjoyed talking with him.The kids asked about his experiences on his trip, and showed him the beautiful local lakes.“They told me that they always liked to talk to guests, as they wanted to
57、improve their Mandarin，” he said, “Their parents and many locals can only speak Tibetan.”Cai was moved by the girls story.Their situation is worse and the local people have little chance to learn Mandarin because the schools are short of teachers.“I want to do something to improve the situation for
58、kids like them，” said Cai.His parents finally gave their agreement and his teachers also supported him.()9.What is Cai Kaiyuans graduation gift?ACycling from Sichuan to Tibet.BReceiving money for a house.CBeing a volunteer teacher in a Tibetan school.DOwning a new car and travelling around.()10.What
59、 is Cai Kaiyuans journey to Tibet like?ASpecial and comfortable.BDangerous but meaningful.CRelaxing but unexpected.DFreezing cold and boring.()11.The underlined phrase “on the line” in the second paragraph means “_”Ain a hurryBat riskCmaking a phone callDsurfing the Internet()12.The purpose of writi
60、ng this passage is to _.Atell us about an unusual graduation giftBintroduce a dangerous journey to usCgive advice on how to travel to TibetDencourage us to be a teacher in Tibet【语篇解读】这篇文章的主要目的是告诉读者大学毕业生Cai Kaiyuan的一份不寻常的毕业礼物：他的毕业礼物是到西藏的学校做志愿者老师。文章还介绍了他为什么会做出这样的决定。9C细节理解题。从文章第一段的句子“As a graduation gi
61、ft to himself, he decided to work as a volunteer teacher in a distant village in Tibet.”可知，Cai Kaiyuan 的毕业礼物是到西藏的学校做志愿者老师，故选C。10B细节理解题。从文章第二段的句子“It turned out cycling on a plateau was quite difficullt.”和第三段的句子“However, he also gained something unexpected.”可知，Cai Kaiyuan 的西藏之行是有挑战的，但是也是有回报的，故选B。11B词义
62、猜测题。从第二段的句子“At night, the ice covered the road and he fell off his bike three times. Little oxygen made him feel dizzy and weak.”可知，on the line是“有危险的”意思，故选B。12A写作意图题。从文章第一段的句子“Most students, when asked about their ideal graduation gift, would probably reply, a car， or money for a houseCai Kaiyuan, 2
63、1, made a different choice.”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是告诉读者一份不寻常的毕业礼物，故选A。D(2019年四川乐山高三3月“一调”，C) Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between(不多)Certainly Newton considered s
64、ome theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was unwilling to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let
65、 alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans？” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable(电缆)from Europe to America was proposed.The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形状)of th
66、e route to estimate the length of cable that had to be made. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter.In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深)were taken to investigate the dep
67、ths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his bookThe Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable.At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out
68、for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way.In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home
69、 thousands of samples from the sea.Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a fivevolume report, the last volume being published in 1895.()13.The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly_.Afor oceanographic studies Bfor military purposesCfor busines
70、s considerations Dfor investigating the depths of the oceans()14.The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was_.Ato make some sound experiments in the oceansBto collect samples of sea plants and animalsCto estimate the length of cable that was to be madeDto measure the depths of the two ocean
71、s()15.The underlined word “defied” in the 4th paragraph probably means “_” AdoubtedBchallenged Cgave proof toDagreed to()16.The theme of this passage is about “ _”Athe beginnings of oceanography Bthe laying of the first undersea cableCthe investigation of ocean depths Dthe early intercontinental com
72、munications【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普类短文，主要介绍了海洋学的发展历程。13C推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“The first time that the questionanswered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable(电缆) from Europe to America was proposed.”可知，当时铺设电报电缆主要出于商业目的。故选C项。14D细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for
73、 encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.”可知，大西洋电报公司向美国海军求助的目的是调查和测量北大西洋和太平洋的深度。故选D项。 15B词义猜测题。联系上下文可知，当人们把电缆从海底取出来修理时，发现电缆上覆盖有活着的植物，而当时的科学观念认为，在海洋更深处没有生命存在，可知这个事实与当时的科学观念正好相反，故选B项。 16A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了海洋学的定义和早期发展。故选A项。
