1、专题四冠词和名词考点1不定冠词的用法 典例12019湖北黄冈高三质量检测,68Confucius wasextraordinary educator and philosopher, and founded Confucianism.句意:孔子是一位杰出的教育家和哲学家,他创立了儒家学说。此处表泛指,且extraordinary的发音以元音音素开头,故应用不定冠词an。an含有不定冠词的习惯搭配 典例2Li Hua has good knowledge of English and this will be advantage over others when he looks for job
2、.句意:李华精通英语,这将是他找工作时比别人有优势的地方。第一空用a, have a good knowledge of表示精通;第二空用an, 此处表示泛指,且advantage的发音以元音音素开头;第三空用a,表示泛指,且job的发音以辅音音素开头。a; an; a不定冠词的活用 典例32019河北衡水中学高三一调,55 splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.Hangzhou是专有名词,其前有形容词splendid修饰,且splendid的发音以辅音音素开头,故此处应用不定冠词a,表示一个极好的杭州。注意此处冠词a应大写。A考点2定
3、冠词的用法 定冠词的基本用法 典例4We should treasure every moment of sincerity and gratefulness because best things will be gone very easily. 此处表示最好的东西很容易失去,空后有形容词最高级best,故要用定冠词the。the典例5Theres no such thing as living alone. Never mind if youre only person in your house and have no dog, no cat, and even no fish. 本空
4、后面有only+单数名词,因此用定冠词the。the典例6Today, the Long March for us is to achieve the Two Centenary Goals as well as Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation(复兴).Chinese Dream为普通名词构成的专有名词,因此其前用定冠词。the含有定冠词的习惯搭配 典例72019辽宁六校高三联考,70The author shows the extreme struggle of the characters in face of hardships, and d
5、escribes the truth, the good and the beauty in human nature.句意:作者表现了人物面对苦难时的极端挣扎,描写了人性的真善美。in the face of为固定搭配,表示面对,故填 the。the考点4名词的数 可数名词 典例82019河北石家庄二模,69But recent(study) have shown that it might be more common than experts thought.根据句子结构可知,所填词在句中作主语,谓语为have shown,所以主语应用复数形式。study变复数形式时,要变-y为-i再加
6、-es。studies典例9Where did you two have your(stomach) examined?At the doctors.We were examined by two famous(German).第一空指的是两个人的胃,所以stomach要用复数形式,又因为此单词中-ch的发音为/k/, 所以此单词变复数时要在后面加-s;由答语中的two可知,第二空所填词表示复数概念,German的复数形式为Germans。stomachs; Germans考点5名词所有格 -s所有格 典例10Since most students are in need of a nap,
7、proper arrangements should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole (morning) hard work.此处表示一整个上午的努力学习之后,应填名词所有格mornings。mornings 考法1 考查冠词的基本用法典例112019全国,69Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six (are) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack eno
8、ugh data.句意:在这19个已知的北极熊亚种群中,有3个正在减少,6个保持稳定,1个在增长,还有9个缺乏足够的数据。由语境可知,此处表示特指,故填定冠词the。the考法总结考查了定冠词表示特指的基本用法。语法填空和短文改错涉及定冠词和不定冠词的题目,一般都是考查其基本用法。考法2 考查冠词的常用搭配典例122018全国,62Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs.句意:出人意料的是,我和那只大猩猩面对面,她开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。at the top o
9、f为固定搭配。the考法总结含有冠词的某些搭配是固定的,因此考生要尽量多记一些这样的常用搭配,才能在考试中游刃有余。考法3 考查语境中名词的数和词形转换典例132019北京,6No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various (activity) on Earth Day.句意:无论你喜欢做什么,总有一种方式可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据句意、句子结构以及空前的various可知,空处填复数名词activities,表示泛指。activities考法总结考查了名词的数。 解答有关可数名词单复数的
10、题目要注意两点:(1)名词前若有many, (a) few, several, all, various(如本题)修饰,名词要用复数形式;(2)若谓语动词为are, were, have等,作主语的名词一般要用复数形式。典例142017丙卷(全国),46She is determined to carry on with her (educate).考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词her后应用educate的名词形式,故填education。education考法总结考查了词形转换(动词转换为名词),因此,考生对提示词加后缀变为名词的知识要多加关注。难点1 冠词使用情况的对比典例15When d
11、id you last meet her?I dont remember exactly,but Im sure it was unforgettable Friday when I went for a walk after wonderful lunch.此处Friday和lunch前都有形容词修饰,且两处均表示泛指,所以均用不定冠词。unforgettable的发音以元音音素开头,故其前应用an;wonderful的发音以辅音音素开头,故其前用a。an; a难点2 名词的数的判断典例162020江西临川一中适应性考试,61One is Smartkins Animals, which h
12、elps many (child) identify more than 100 animals and the other is Rainbow Colors, which teaches kids colors.句意:一个是Smartkins Animals,它帮助许多孩子识别100多种动物,另一个是Rainbow Colors,它教孩子们颜色。根据空前的many可知,空处应该用child的复数形式,注意child变复数形式是在其后加-ren。children方法1 弄清名词的数,考虑特指或泛指典例17Of the two apples, which one do you prefer?
13、bigger one. It is most delicious one, I think. 第一空用The,特指两个苹果中较大的那个;第二空用a,此处most表示很,非常,因为比较对象只有两个,所以第二空不能用the。The; a方法2 理清题意,牢记固定搭配典例182019山东淄博二模,69Moxibustion(艾灸) normally refers to placing moxa(艾) directly on acupoints(穴位) or holding moxa sticks at distance to warm the body.句意:艾灸通常是指将艾直接放在穴位上或持着艾条
14、隔着一段距离暖身。at a distance为固定搭配,意为离一段距离。易混短语in the distance表示在远处,在远方。a方法3 确定名词考点,注意搭配并掌握词缀典例19But much like other sports events, a lot of professional (compete)rule the triathlon world.根据语境和professional可知,本空用提示词的名词形式competitor参赛者,再结合a lot of以及谓语动词rule可知要用其复数形式。competitors1.2019全国,66When they were free f
15、rom work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.2.2019浙江6月,57Everybody wears same style of clothes.3.2018浙江11月,64One study showed that (woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were
16、 pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.4.2017甲卷(全国),61It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.5.2017丙卷(全国),62Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as model in New York.6.2017浙江11月,
17、56Like many things in life, its ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that theres enough room for improvement.7.2017浙江6月,56Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.8.2016乙卷(全国),69The n
18、ursery team switches him every few(day) with his sister.9.2016甲卷(全国),62Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of (achieve). 10.2016甲卷(全国),68Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.11.2016浙江6月,2 prize for
19、the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris.12. 2015重庆,3I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.13.2019全国改错To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net.14.2019全国改错Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do.15.2017乙卷(全国)改错I
20、still remember how hard first day was.16.2017甲卷(全国)改错Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. petition句意:当他们没有工作的时候,他们邀请我们参加当地的活动,让我们知道一个可以观看的有趣的比赛,以及它背后的故事。根据know of an interesting可知,空处应填名词单数形式,作know of的宾语。2.the根据语境和same可知,此处用the表示特指,the same style of clothes表示同样款式的衣服。3.w
21、omen结合they were pregnant以及that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词were可知,此处要用woman的复数形式women。4.crowds考查名词的单复数。crowd(人群)为可数名词,且其前没有限定词修饰,故此处用复数形式。5.amodel是可数名词,其发音以辅音音素开头且此处表泛指,故填a。6.an此处表示它是一个持续的过程,表示泛指,应用不定冠词;又因为ongoing的发音以元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。7.carrots根据上文的a handful of及后文的代词them可知,此处表示一把小胡萝卜,所以应用carrot的复数形式。8.daysfew修饰可数名词复数,
22、故此空填days。 every few days意为每几天。 9.achievement句意:接下来,首先处理最重要的工作,这样你会有一种真正的成就感。介词of后应用名词,a real sense of achievement意为一种真正的成就感。10.afor a while意为一会儿,为固定搭配。11.The;a句意:这次比赛获胜者的奖励是在巴黎度假两周。第一空,根据for the winner of the competition可知,prize是特指,故用The;第二空,泛指一次两周的度假,且two-week的发音以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。12.the; a句意:我刚听说Dora
23、工作的银行被一个戴着面罩的持枪歹徒抢劫了。第一空,where引导的定语从句修饰bank, 由此可知,这里特指Dora工作的银行,故用定冠词;第二空,泛指一个持枪歹徒, 因此用不定冠词a。13.surprisingsurpriseto ones surprise意为使某人惊讶的是,为固定搭配,ones之后应接名词,故把surprising改为surprise。14.jobjobsjob工作为可数名词,其前的different说明此处为复数概念,故用job的复数形式,所以将job改为jobs。15.在first day前加the或my由序数词first可知,其前应加定冠词the。此处也可用形容词性物主代词my。16.informationsinformation考查名词的数。information为不可数名词,无复数形式。
