1、上海市闵行区2021届高三下学期英语质量调研（二模）试卷 原卷版一、用单词的适当形式完成短文1.Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that
2、 best fits each blank. Everywhere I look outside my home I see people busy on their high-tech devices, while driving, walking, shopping, even sitting in toilets. _connected electronically, they are away from physical reality.People _(influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that
3、 addicted was the word most commonly used by people _(describe) their relationship to iPad and similar devices. One study found that people had a harder time _(resist) the temptation of social media than they did for sleep, cigarettes and alcohol.The main goal of technology companies is to get peopl
4、e to spend more money and time on their products, not to actually improve our quality of life. They have successfully created a cultural disease. I see people _(trap)in a pathological (病态的) relationship with time-consuming technology,_they serve technology more than technology serves them. I call th
5、is technology servitude(奴役). I am referring to a loss of personal freedom and independence _uncontrolled consumption of many kinds of devices that eat up time and money.What is a healthy use of technology devices? That is the vital question. Who is really in charge of my life? That is what we need t
6、o ask _if we are to have any chance of breaking up false beliefs about the use of technology. When we can live happily without using so much technology for a day or a week, then we can regain control and personal freedom, become the master of technology and discover what there is to enjoy in life fr
7、ee of technology. Mae West is famous for the wisdom that too much of a good thing is wonderful. _its time to discover todays overused technology.Richard Fernandez, an executive coach at Google acknowledged that we can be swept away by our technologies, To break the grand digital connection, people m
8、ust consider_life long ago could be fantastic without todays overused technology.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文2.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that then is one word more than you need. A. potential B. limitless C. attached D. initial E
9、. promotion F. appealG. expand H. equal I. recognition J. threaten K. practiceCelebrity (名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity _to any giv
10、en product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the _of putting models on the cover because they dont sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market _, moving from advertising for others products to developing their own.Cel
11、ebrity clothing lines arent a completely new phenomenon, but in the past, they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today theyre started by first-class stars whose products enjoy _fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been t
12、hose by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they try to _their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, theres a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued h
13、is consumer _. No matter how famous the products origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the _attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, cel
14、ebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep is likely to _to reduce a celebritys shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to
15、pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the egos (自我的) potential for expansion is _. Having already achieved great wealth and public _, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers mi
16、ght last only a short time, but fashionlike celebrityhas always been temporary.三、完形填空3.完形填空 Many things happen when people are ageing. Apart from the greying hair and wrinkled skin, there is a(n) 1 change which comes with older age. When humans reach their later years, they favour more long-term 2 a
17、nd their social cirele is reduced.Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same 3 in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their 4 friends at the expense of other relationships.The researchers
18、 studied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social 5 of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps 6 depending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed (梳毛) them. They then rated (分类) the various pairin
19、gs as mutual (相互的) friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; 7 friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed 8 the other.When the scientists looked at the 9 of friendships, they found that the older chi
20、mps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another 10 seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of 11 gradually become less, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less o
21、ften.The observations have left the researchers 12 . According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more 13 relationships because they are aware that time is running out. However many animal experts argue that chimpanzees 14 the human sense of mor
22、tality (死亡) , suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said in humans, the 15 social circles with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity. In chimp
23、anzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, he said.1. A. physicalB. intellectualC. emotionalD. functional2. A. habitsB. friendsC. tasksD. ideas3. A. problemB. obstacleC. struggleD. behaviour4. A. establishedB. respect
24、iveC. experiencedD. thoughtful5. A. skillsB. reputationsC. interactionsD. positions6. A. intelligenceB. relationshipsC. popularityD. performances7. A. easy-goingB. warm-heartedC. self-relyingD. one-sided8. A. respect forB. courage toC. interest inD. loyalty to9. A. patternsB. importanceC. meaningsD.
25、 development10. A. instinctB. disadvantageC. featureD. belief11. A. responsibilityB. aggressionC. reliabilityD. advancement12. A. delightedB. amusedC. relivedD. puzzled13. A. unknownB. positiveC. insecureD. senseless14. A. lackB. obtainC. imitateD. abandon15. A. absence fromB. isolation fromC. decre
26、ase inD. distinction in 四、阅读选择4.阅读理解 Each day, 10-year-old Seth asked his mom for more and more lunch money. Yet he seemed skinnier than ever and came home from school hungry. It turned out that Seth was handing his lunch money to fifth grader, who was threatening to beat him up if he didnt pay.Most
27、 kids have been made fun of by a brother or a friend at some point. And its not usually harmful when done in a playful and friendly way, and both kids find it funny. But when teasing becomes hurtful, unkind, and constant, it crosses the line into bullying and needs to be stopped.Bullying is intentio
28、nal torment(折磨)in physical or psychological ways. It can range from hitting, name-calling and threats to blackmailing(勒索)money and possessions. Some kids bully others by deliberately separating them and spreading rumours about them. Others use social media or electronic messaging to make fun of othe
29、rs or hurt their feelings.Its important to take bullying seriously and not just brush it off as something that kids have to tolerate. The effects can be serious and affect kids sense of safety and self-worth. In severe cases, bullying has contributed to tragedies, such as suicides and school shootin
30、gs. Kids bully for a variety of reasons. Sometimes they pick on kids because they need a victimsomeone who seems emotionally or physically weaker, or just acts or appears different in some wayto feel more important, popular, or in control. Although some bullies are bigger or stronger than their vict
31、ims, thats not always the case.Sometimes kids bully others because thats the way theyve been treated. They may think their behavior is normal because they come from families or other settings where everyone regularly gets angry and shouts or calls each other names.Unless your child tells you about b
32、ullyingor has visible injuriesit can be difficult to figure out if its happening.（1）What is the authors purpose of telling Seths story? A.To introduce the topic of bullying.B.To seek help for the victims of bullying. C.To analyze the cause of bullying.D.To display the effects of bullying on kid （2）W
33、hat does the phrase brush it off (in paragraph 4) probably mean? A.Remove bullying.B.Ignore bullying. C.Avoid bullying.D.Punish bullying. （3）According to the passage, which of the following about bullying is NOT true? A.Bullying is accidental behaviors. B.Those who bully get emotional satisfaction.
34、C.The weak are easy to be bullied. D.The experience of being bullied can lead to bullying. （4）What will the following paragraph most probably talk about? A.Problems of bullying.B.Cause and effect of bullying. C.Signs of bullying.D.Psychological reasons of bullying. 5.阅读理解 Welcome to the online Macmi
35、llan Dictionary of the BUZZWORD of the month.Word entry-JOMOJOMO is an acronym (首字母缩略词) standing for the expression , and is simply refers to the gratifying feeling you get when you break away from the（real or virtual）activities of your social group and spend time doing exactly what you most want to
36、 do.JOMO is often described as a resist against the hyper-connected society we live in, where technology pushes both social and professional activity constantly in our faces, so that its virtually impossible to be happily unaware of what everyone else is doing. This often forces us into spending tim
37、e in ways which we wouldnt necessarily have chosen. JOMO then, is about stepping off the social fashion and reconnecting with what really makes us happy. Background-JOMOThe concept of JOMO first appeared in 2012, its early use often credited to blogger Anil Dash who, having to withdraw from both on-
38、and offline activity for a period after the birth of his son. realized that hed enjoyed himself greatly and didnt feel hed missed out on anything at all.JOMO is a play on the earlier acronym FOMO, meaning fear of missing out, which is used to describe the feeling of anxiety that people experience wh
39、en they discover, often via social media, that theyve let go on a social event or other positive experience.The existence of expressions like JOMO suggest that, although were unlikely to resist technology completely, the more deeply we immerse（沉浸）in it, the more were beginning to evaluate its hold o
40、n us. Other newly created combined words reflecting this zeitgeist include ringxiety. the constant need to check your phone or mistakenly thinking its ringing. nhubbing, the related condition of being impolite in social situations by checking your phone, tablet, etc., and infobesity, continuous addi
41、ction to digital information in which affects your ability to concentrate.（1）Which of the following phrases can be put in the blank（in the 4th line）? A.Just Opposite My OpinionB.Joy of Missing Out C.Jump off Mental ObstacleD.Justify Our Main Objective （2）According to the passage, which of the follow
42、ing is a state of JOMO? A.You are busy with a report, so you dont have to attend a staff meeting. B.You are not feeling well, so you are allowed to leave the work earlier. C.You received a dinner party invitation, but you preferred to stay home. D.You were tired out after work, but you heard your fa
43、vorite song on the radio. （3）The word zeitgeist (in the last paragraph) probably refers to _. A.a mixed or unfavorable feeling toward technology B.a trend to use new words related to technology C.the fear of negative influence of technology on people D.the lack of ability to use technology properly
44、6.阅读理解 Once upon a time, science fiction was just a style among other styles. There were crime stories, there were horror stories, there was literary fiction, and there was science fiction. But today science themes dominate these other styles. Its difficult to think of much modern crime, horror or s
45、erious fiction that doesnt involve science.And its not just books. With every second movie and computer game having a sci-fi element, science fiction seems to have controlled our entire entertainment culture. Its clear that if we want to define science fiction, we should relate it to the role that s
46、cience plays in our lives.Although some experts have claimed to be able to trace sci-fi back to ancient times, it is more reasonable to find it in initial form in the 19th century, when industrial societies arose. One of the features that set industrial societies apart from other kinds was the incre
47、asing part that science played in everyday life. Factories with vast machines turned out huge quantities of goods, which were transported by trains, motor vehicles and ships all over the world. Cities were built on the back of technology, with electricity in homes and hospitals helping everyone to l
48、ead healthier, more convenient lives. All of these changes had great effects not only on peoples real lives, but on their imaginative ones.Writers began to describe these changing physical and mental landscapes, eventually giving science fiction a large and devoted fan base of especially young reade
49、rs, who found that it spoke to their curiosity about the future that science would create.But sci-fiction reflected fears about science more than it did hopes. These typical early science fiction novels might be a UK novel like H. G. Wells The War of the worlds (1897). With great skill, Wells played
50、 upon the fears of technology by imagining Earth under threat by a civilization-that of men from Mars.The science fiction of today expresses the impact of the computing revolution, robotics and our environmental challenges, while it is less concerned with little green men from Mar and other themes o
51、f past sci-fiction.Given that science, technology and polities are always intertwined, contemporary science fiction often has a great deal to say about power. Many recent novels-like American Cory Doctorows Little Brother (2008)-are concerned with government and security service conspiracies (阴谋) ag
52、ainst the people, particularly as the revelations of whistleblowers like Edward Snowden sink in. This can give sci-fi writing a skeptical (怀疑的) feel.This underlines one of the features that remains constant between the beginnings of the empire of science fiction and its state today.As then, so now:
53、We want to read about how fearful the future will be, not how it will be a paradise.（1）According to the first paragraph, we know that _. A.science fiction used to take the leadership in literature B.horror story and literary fiction have initiated science fiction C.modern fiction reflects the influe
54、nce of science fiction D.science fiction is the dominant literature style at present time （2）What caused science fiction to appear in the 19th century? A.The curiosity of young readers about the future. B.The changes that the industrial revolution brought about. C.Peoples stretched imagination affec
55、ted by their real life. D.Peoples fears about science rather than hopes. （3）According to the passage, what do we know about the early science fiction? A.It aroused peoples curiosity of science on daily life. B.It intensified peoples worries about the social problems. C.It promoted peoples understand
56、ing of the true value of science. D.It conveyed an atmosphere of imaginary anxieties to people. （4）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A.Despite the content, the theme of science fiction remains the same. B.The fear of outer space attack has long been a worry among people of tim
57、es. C.The appearance of science fiction has caused misunderstanding among people. D.Science fiction is weakening government power implemented on people. 五、任务型阅读7.任务型阅读 Whos in control of your life? Whos pulling your strings? _We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course. We we
58、re brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone elses opinions, their lives a mimicry (模仿), their
59、 passions a quotation.”So when people tell us how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug一we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. _Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their fix (成瘾物), we worsen our own exis
60、tence to get our own constant fix of approval.But just as with any drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom-the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own schedule and they come with their own baggage an
61、d, in the end, theyre more interested in themselves than in you. _Everyone has different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and probably pleasing no one in the process.So how can we take back cont
62、rol? _We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values-not values imposed from the outside by others, but innate values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and
63、 happy life.A. Is the inner self born in our mind that is keeping us under control.B. Furthermore, if we try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand.C. As a matter of fact, people sometimes fail to understand who they are and where they are going.D. For the most of
64、us, its other people-society, colleagues, friends, family or our community.E.I think theres only one way-make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think.F. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we reall
65、y want to.六、概要写作8.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. These days, its not unusual to see middle-aged men collecting Star Wars action figures, office workers wearing Hello
66、 Kitty accessories, or celebrities like David Beckham playing with Lego bricks, its becoming more and more common to see adult taking an interest in toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally associated with children. This phenomenon has given rise to a new word: kidult.What lies be
67、hind the phenomenon? One is about adults nostalgia (怀旧)for the carefree days of childhood, and this is especially true with todays fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Another is about a societal change in recent decades where people are starting families later. As a result, they have more time and mon
68、ey to spend on themselves. Some adults could only window-shop for their dream toys when they were kids, but now they can afford that radio-controlled car or high-priced doll they have always wanted.Society traditionally disapproves of adults who refuse to put aside childhood interests, viewing the r
69、efusal as a sign of social immaturity (不成熟) and irresponsibility. Those who agree with this view sometimes claim that kidults are suffering from the pop-psychology concept known as Peter Pan Syndrome, an anomaly (异常) that people remain emotionally at the level of teenagers.From the standpoint of kid
70、ults, though, this phenomenon is seen as nothing but harmless fun. Kidults insist that having youthful interests keeps them young, happy and creative, and their refusal to conform to societys acccptable tastes shows independent thinking. Besides, they argue that being part of the social trend of del
71、ayed adulthood is not purely a personal choice. The real causes include expensive housing, increased educational requirements for employment and poor work opportunities.七、汉译英（整句）（共4题；共20分）9.天气这么好，周六去植物园野餐好吗？（Why not）(汉译英) 10.我现在比以前挣得多了，每月支付日常开销后还能存一些钱。（make）(汉译英) 11.我外婆眼力不济了，看不了太小的字，需要一部适合老年人的手机。（su
72、itable）(汉译英) 12.获得粉丝大量点赞后他感慨万千，回想起创业之初经历的种种磨难，他不禁失声痛哭。（cant help）(汉译英) 八、提纲类作文（共1题；共5分）13.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华，你们学校将为学生开设一系列微课程，每人可以选择其中的一项参加课程包括“文学欣赏”（Literature Appreciation）、“厨艺”（Cooking Skills）和“野外生
73、存”（Wilderness Survival Skills）。你在英国留学的表哥Wilson很关心你这次课程的选择。请你写E-mail给他，说说你选择的结果，并简要谈谈你这样选择的理由。上海市闵行区2021届高三下学期英语质量调研（二模）试卷 解析版一、用单词的适当形式完成短文1.Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill
74、in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Everywhere I look outside my home I see people busy on their high-tech devices, while driving, walking, shopping, even sitting in toilets. _connected electronically, they are away from
75、 physical reality.People _(influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that addicted was the word most commonly used by people _(describe) their relationship to iPad and similar devices. One study found that people had a harder time _(resist) the temptation of social media than the
76、y did for sleep, cigarettes and alcohol.The main goal of technology companies is to get people to spend more money and time on their products, not to actually improve our quality of life. They have successfully created a cultural disease. I see people _(trap)in a pathological (病态的) relationship with
77、 time-consuming technology,_they serve technology more than technology serves them. I call this technology servitude(奴役). I am referring to a loss of personal freedom and independence _uncontrolled consumption of many kinds of devices that eat up time and money.What is a healthy use of technology de
78、vices? That is the vital question. Who is really in charge of my life? That is what we need to ask _if we are to have any chance of breaking up false beliefs about the use of technology. When we can live happily without using so much technology for a day or a week, then we can regain control and per
79、sonal freedom, become the master of technology and discover what there is to enjoy in life free of technology. Mae West is famous for the wisdom that too much of a good thing is wonderful. _its time to discover todays overused technology.Richard Fernandez, an executive coach at Google acknowledged t
80、hat we can be swept away by our technologies, To break the grand digital connection, people must consider_life long ago could be fantastic without todays overused technology.【答案】 When；have been influenced；to describe；resisting；trapped；where；with；ourselves；But；how 【考点】语法填空 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们对电子产品
81、和科技的过分依赖，并探讨了如何修正这种病态的关系。 【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及连词，时态语态，非谓语动词，定语从句，介词，代词，连词以及宾语从句等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文2.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that then is one word more t
82、han you need. A. potential B. limitless C. attached D. initial E. promotion F. appealG. expand H. equal I. recognition J. threaten K. practiceCelebrity (名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends
83、to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity _to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the _of putting models on the cover because they dont sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market _, moving
84、from advertising for others products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines arent a completely new phenomenon, but in the past, they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today theyre started by first-class stars whose products enjoy _fame with
85、some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they try to _their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success stor
86、y, theres a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer _. No matter how famous the products origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the _attention dies down, consumer interest m
87、ight fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep is likely to _to reduce a celebritys shelf life, and the same newspaper or ma
88、gazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the egos (自我的) potential for expansion is _. Having already achieved great wealth and public _, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success a
89、nd failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashionlike celebrityhas always been temporary.【答案】 C；K；A；H；G；F；D；J；B；I 【考点】选词填空 【解析】【分析】本文一篇说明文，介绍名人已经成为流行文化的重要代表之一，具有很大的市场潜力，但现在面临更严峻的现实困境：享受有名成功的同时，名人的每一次失误都会减少他们的知名度和产品销量。 【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时
90、首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。三、完形填空3.完形填空 Many things happen when people are ageing. Apart from the greying hair and wrinkled skin, there is a(n) 1 change which comes with older age. When humans reach their later years, they favour more long-term 2 and their social c
91、irele is reduced.Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same 3 in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their 4 friends at the expense of other relationships.The researchers studied 78,000 h
92、ours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social 5 of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps 6 depending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed (梳毛) them. They then rated (分类) the various pairings as mutual (相互的
93、) friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; 7 friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed 8 the other.When the scientists looked at the 9 of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutu
94、al friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another 10 seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of 11 gradually become less, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less often.The observat
95、ions have left the researchers 12 . According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more 13 relationships because they are aware that time is running out. However many animal experts argue that chimpanzees 14 the human sense of mortality (死亡) , sug
96、gesting something else is driving the behaviour.Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said in humans, the 15 social circles with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity. In chimpanzees, as older
97、males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, he said.1. A. physicalB. intellectualC. emotionalD. functional2. A. habitsB. friendsC. tasksD. ideas3. A. problemB. obstacleC. struggleD. behaviour4. A. establishedB. respectiveC. experienced
98、D. thoughtful5. A. skillsB. reputationsC. interactionsD. positions6. A. intelligenceB. relationshipsC. popularityD. performances7. A. easy-goingB. warm-heartedC. self-relyingD. one-sided8. A. respect forB. courage toC. interest inD. loyalty to9. A. patternsB. importanceC. meaningsD. development10. A
99、. instinctB. disadvantageC. featureD. belief11. A. responsibilityB. aggressionC. reliabilityD. advancement12. A. delightedB. amusedC. relivedD. puzzled13. A. unknownB. positiveC. insecureD. senseless14. A. lackB. obtainC. imitateD. abandon15. A. absence fromB. isolation fromC. decrease inD. distinct
100、ion in 【答案】 （1）C；（2）B；（3）D；（4）A；（5）C；（6）B；（7）D；（8）C；（9）A；（10）C；（11）B；（12）D；（13）B；（14）A；（15）C； 【考点】说明文，科普环保类 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过科学研究来说明猩猩与人类一样，随着年龄变大，他们所交的朋友类型也会发生变化，年老时喜欢选择少数几个亲近的又积极活跃的朋友。 【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。四、阅读选择4.阅读理解 Ea
101、ch day, 10-year-old Seth asked his mom for more and more lunch money. Yet he seemed skinnier than ever and came home from school hungry. It turned out that Seth was handing his lunch money to fifth grader, who was threatening to beat him up if he didnt pay.Most kids have been made fun of by a brothe
102、r or a friend at some point. And its not usually harmful when done in a playful and friendly way, and both kids find it funny. But when teasing becomes hurtful, unkind, and constant, it crosses the line into bullying and needs to be stopped.Bullying is intentional torment(折磨)in physical or psycholog
103、ical ways. It can range from hitting, name-calling and threats to blackmailing(勒索)money and possessions. Some kids bully others by deliberately separating them and spreading rumours about them. Others use social media or electronic messaging to make fun of others or hurt their feelings.Its important
104、 to take bullying seriously and not just brush it off as something that kids have to tolerate. The effects can be serious and affect kids sense of safety and self-worth. In severe cases, bullying has contributed to tragedies, such as suicides and school shootings. Kids bully for a variety of reasons
105、. Sometimes they pick on kids because they need a victimsomeone who seems emotionally or physically weaker, or just acts or appears different in some wayto feel more important, popular, or in control. Although some bullies are bigger or stronger than their victims, thats not always the case.Sometime
106、s kids bully others because thats the way theyve been treated. They may think their behavior is normal because they come from families or other settings where everyone regularly gets angry and shouts or calls each other names.Unless your child tells you about bullyingor has visible injuriesit can be
107、 difficult to figure out if its happening.（1）What is the authors purpose of telling Seths story? A.To introduce the topic of bullying.B.To seek help for the victims of bullying. C.To analyze the cause of bullying.D.To display the effects of bullying on kid （2）What does the phrase brush it off (in pa
108、ragraph 4) probably mean? A.Remove bullying.B.Ignore bullying. C.Avoid bullying.D.Punish bullying. （3）According to the passage, which of the following about bullying is NOT true? A.Bullying is accidental behaviors. B.Those who bully get emotional satisfaction. C.The weak are easy to be bullied. D.Th
109、e experience of being bullied can lead to bullying. （4）What will the following paragraph most probably talk about? A.Problems of bullying.B.Cause and effect of bullying. C.Signs of bullying.D.Psychological reasons of bullying. 【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）A（4）C 【考点】推理判断题，词义猜测题，细节理解题，社会现象类，说明文 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍
110、了校园欺凌的现象以及原因。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。5.阅读理解 Welcome to the online Macmillan Dictionary of the BUZZWORD of the month.Word entry-JOMOJOMO is an acronym (首字母缩略词) standing for the expression , and is simply refers to the gratifying feeling yo
111、u get when you break away from the（real or virtual）activities of your social group and spend time doing exactly what you most want to do.JOMO is often described as a resist against the hyper-connected society we live in, where technology pushes both social and professional activity constantly in our
112、 faces, so that its virtually impossible to be happily unaware of what everyone else is doing. This often forces us into spending time in ways which we wouldnt necessarily have chosen. JOMO then, is about stepping off the social fashion and reconnecting with what really makes us happy. Background-JO
113、MOThe concept of JOMO first appeared in 2012, its early use often credited to blogger Anil Dash who, having to withdraw from both on-and offline activity for a period after the birth of his son. realized that hed enjoyed himself greatly and didnt feel hed missed out on anything at all.JOMO is a play
114、 on the earlier acronym FOMO, meaning fear of missing out, which is used to describe the feeling of anxiety that people experience when they discover, often via social media, that theyve let go on a social event or other positive experience.The existence of expressions like JOMO suggest that, althou
115、gh were unlikely to resist technology completely, the more deeply we immerse（沉浸）in it, the more were beginning to evaluate its hold on us. Other newly created combined words reflecting this zeitgeist include ringxiety. the constant need to check your phone or mistakenly thinking its ringing. nhubbin
116、g, the related condition of being impolite in social situations by checking your phone, tablet, etc., and infobesity, continuous addiction to digital information in which affects your ability to concentrate.（1）Which of the following phrases can be put in the blank（in the 4th line）? A.Just Opposite M
117、y OpinionB.Joy of Missing Out C.Jump off Mental ObstacleD.Justify Our Main Objective （2）According to the passage, which of the following is a state of JOMO? A.You are busy with a report, so you dont have to attend a staff meeting. B.You are not feeling well, so you are allowed to leave the work earl
118、ier. C.You received a dinner party invitation, but you preferred to stay home. D.You were tired out after work, but you heard your favorite song on the radio. （3）The word zeitgeist (in the last paragraph) probably refers to _. A.a mixed or unfavorable feeling toward technology B.a trend to use new w
119、ords related to technology C.the fear of negative influence of technology on people D.the lack of ability to use technology properly 【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）A 【考点】推理判断题，词义猜测题，细节理解题，社会文化类，说明文 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了JOMO词条所代表的含义和它产生的背景。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而
120、选出正确答案。6.阅读理解 Once upon a time, science fiction was just a style among other styles. There were crime stories, there were horror stories, there was literary fiction, and there was science fiction. But today science themes dominate these other styles. Its difficult to think of much modern crime, horr
121、or or serious fiction that doesnt involve science.And its not just books. With every second movie and computer game having a sci-fi element, science fiction seems to have controlled our entire entertainment culture. Its clear that if we want to define science fiction, we should relate it to the role
122、 that science plays in our lives.Although some experts have claimed to be able to trace sci-fi back to ancient times, it is more reasonable to find it in initial form in the 19th century, when industrial societies arose. One of the features that set industrial societies apart from other kinds was th
123、e increasing part that science played in everyday life. Factories with vast machines turned out huge quantities of goods, which were transported by trains, motor vehicles and ships all over the world. Cities were built on the back of technology, with electricity in homes and hospitals helping everyo
124、ne to lead healthier, more convenient lives. All of these changes had great effects not only on peoples real lives, but on their imaginative ones.Writers began to describe these changing physical and mental landscapes, eventually giving science fiction a large and devoted fan base of especially youn
125、g readers, who found that it spoke to their curiosity about the future that science would create.But sci-fiction reflected fears about science more than it did hopes. These typical early science fiction novels might be a UK novel like H. G. Wells The War of the worlds (1897). With great skill, Wells
126、 played upon the fears of technology by imagining Earth under threat by a civilization-that of men from Mars.The science fiction of today expresses the impact of the computing revolution, robotics and our environmental challenges, while it is less concerned with little green men from Mar and other t
127、hemes of past sci-fiction.Given that science, technology and polities are always intertwined, contemporary science fiction often has a great deal to say about power. Many recent novels-like American Cory Doctorows Little Brother (2008)-are concerned with government and security service conspiracies
128、(阴谋) against the people, particularly as the revelations of whistleblowers like Edward Snowden sink in. This can give sci-fi writing a skeptical (怀疑的) feel.This underlines one of the features that remains constant between the beginnings of the empire of science fiction and its state today.As then, s
129、o now: We want to read about how fearful the future will be, not how it will be a paradise.（1）According to the first paragraph, we know that _. A.science fiction used to take the leadership in literature B.horror story and literary fiction have initiated science fiction C.modern fiction reflects the
130、 influence of science fiction D.science fiction is the dominant literature style at present time （2）What caused science fiction to appear in the 19th century? A.The curiosity of young readers about the future. B.The changes that the industrial revolution brought about. C.Peoples stretched imaginatio
131、n affected by their real life. D.Peoples fears about science rather than hopes. （3）According to the passage, what do we know about the early science fiction? A.It aroused peoples curiosity of science on daily life. B.It intensified peoples worries about the social problems. C.It promoted peoples und
132、erstanding of the true value of science. D.It conveyed an atmosphere of imaginary anxieties to people. （4）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A.Despite the content, the theme of science fiction remains the same. B.The fear of outer space attack has long been a worry among people
133、 of times. C.The appearance of science fiction has caused misunderstanding among people. D.Science fiction is weakening government power implemented on people. 【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）D（4）A 【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，教育文化类，说明文 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科幻小说对其他文体的影响，并介绍其起源和现代科幻小说与以前的不同。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生
134、需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。五、任务型阅读7.任务型阅读 Whos in control of your life? Whos pulling your strings? _We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course. We were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do
135、everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone elses opinions, their lives a mimicry (模仿), their passions a quotation.”So when people tell us how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling
136、 like a drug一we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. _Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their fix (成瘾物), we worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval.But just as with any drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the appro
137、val drug is freedom-the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own schedule and they come with their own baggage and, in the end, theyre more interested in themselves than in you. _Everyone has different way of thinking, and people cha
138、nge their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and probably pleasing no one in the process.So how can we take back control? _We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values-not values imposed from the outside by others, but innate va
139、lues which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life.A. Is the inner self born in our mind that is keeping us under control.B. Furthermore, if we try to live by
140、the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand.C. As a matter of fact, people sometimes fail to understand who they are and where they are going.D. For the most of us, its other people-society, colleagues, friends, family or our community.E.I think theres only one way-make a consciou
141、s decision to stop caring what other people think.F. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to.【答案】 D；F；B；E 【考点】任务型阅读 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者在文章中告诉我们生活中很多人都在取悦他人，总是为他人而活，最后的结果往往不如之前预料。作者建议我们不要过度的关注他人看法，活出自己。 【
142、点评】考查任务型阅读，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。六、概要写作8.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. These days, its not unusual to see middle-aged men collecting Star Wars
143、 action figures, office workers wearing Hello Kitty accessories, or celebrities like David Beckham playing with Lego bricks, its becoming more and more common to see adult taking an interest in toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally associated with children. This phenomenon has
144、given rise to a new word: kidult.What lies behind the phenomenon? One is about adults nostalgia (怀旧)for the carefree days of childhood, and this is especially true with todays fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Another is about a societal change in recent decades where people are starting families la
145、ter. As a result, they have more time and money to spend on themselves. Some adults could only window-shop for their dream toys when they were kids, but now they can afford that radio-controlled car or high-priced doll they have always wanted.Society traditionally disapproves of adults who refuse to
146、 put aside childhood interests, viewing the refusal as a sign of social immaturity (不成熟) and irresponsibility. Those who agree with this view sometimes claim that kidults are suffering from the pop-psychology concept known as Peter Pan Syndrome, an anomaly (异常) that people remain emotionally at the
147、level of teenagers.From the standpoint of kidults, though, this phenomenon is seen as nothing but harmless fun. Kidults insist that having youthful interests keeps them young, happy and creative, and their refusal to conform to societys acccptable tastes shows independent thinking. Besides, they arg
148、ue that being part of the social trend of delayed adulthood is not purely a personal choice. The real causes include expensive housing, increased educational requirements for employment and poor work opportunities.【答案】 Kidults refer to adults who take up childhood interests. The growing phenomenon c
149、an be explained by their desire to recapture childhood pleasures and their ability to afford them because of delayed marriage. Though traditionally considered immature and irresponsible, kidults believe this harmless behavior, which benefits the individuals and shows their independent thinking, is d
150、ue largely to social factors. 【考点】文字式说明文 【解析】【分析】这是一篇概要写作。写作步骤 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。童心未泯的成人指的是那些和童年时一样有兴趣的成年人。这种日益增长的现象可以解释为，他们渴望重获童年的快乐，而由于推迟结婚，这使他们有能力负担得起自己想要的玩具。虽然传统上被认为是不成熟和不负责任的，但童心未泯的成人认为这种无害的行为，有利于个人和显示他们的独立思考，这种现象很大程度上是由社会因素引起的。 2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。 3）列出原文要点。分析原文
151、的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。 （3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。 （4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。 （5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的
152、词数要求。 【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Kidults refer to adults who take up childhood interests. 运用了限制性定语从句；The growing phenomenon can be explained by their desire to recapture childhood pleasures and their ability to afford them because of delayed
153、marriage. 运用了被动语态；Though traditionally considered immature and irresponsible, kidults believe this harmless behavior, which benefits the individuals and shows their independent thinking, is due largely to social factors.运用了宾语从句，非限制性定语从句。七、汉译英（整句）9.天气这么好，周六去植物园野餐好吗？（Why not）(汉译英) 【答案】 Why not go to t
154、he botanic garden for picnic this Saturday when we have such fine weather? 【考点】汉译英 【解析】【分析】Why not.，为什么不，后接动词原形；botanic garden植物园。句中先行词为this Saturday，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。根据句意可知，用一般现在时。根据句意，故答案为Why not go to the botanic garden for picnic this Saturday when we have such fine weather? 【点评】考查汉译英，本
155、题涉及一般现在时，限制性定语从句。10.我现在比以前挣得多了，每月支付日常开销后还能存一些钱。（make）(汉译英) 【答案】 I m making more money now than before, and I can save some money after paying the daily expenses every month. 【考点】汉译英 【解析】【分析】make money 挣钱；save money 省钱；daily expense日常开销。根据句中时间状语now可知，用现在进行时。表示“存钱”用save some money；表示“支付日常开销”用pay the d
156、aily expenses，介词after后接动名词形式。根据句意，故答案为Im making more money now than before, and I can save some money after paying the daily expenses every month. 【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在进行时，固定短语make money ，save money和daily expense。11.我外婆眼力不济了，看不了太小的字，需要一部适合老年人的手机。（suitable）(汉译英) 【答案】 My grandmas eyesight is too poor to re
157、ad small words, so she needs a mobile phone suitable for the elderly/old people. 【考点】汉译英 【解析】【分析】too . to.太以至于不能；be suitable for 适合，在句中作定语，修饰名词mobile phone； the elderly老年人。陈述现在事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故答案为My grandmas eyesight is too poor to read small words, so she needs a mobile phone suitable for the elderl
158、y/old people. 【点评】考查汉译英，本踢谁一般现在时以及固定短语be suitable for。12.获得粉丝大量点赞后他感慨万千，回想起创业之初经历的种种磨难，他不禁失声痛哭。（cant help）(汉译英) 【答案】 After receiving a lot of praise from his fans, he was filled with different emotions and couldnt help crying out loud when he was recalling all kinds of hardships at the beginning of
159、his business. 【考点】汉译英 【解析】【分析】 a lot of 许多；be filled with 充满； cant help doing情不自禁的做某事；cry out大哭；all kinds of 各种各样的；at the beginning of 起初； 开始。从句的主语与主句的主语一致，所以从句省略主语和谓语he was。when当时候，引导时间状语从句。主句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。从句用过去进行时，表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。根据句意，故答案为After receiving a lot of praise from his fan
160、s, he was filled with different emotions and couldnt help crying out loud when he was recalling all kinds of hardships at the beginning of his business. 【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时，时间状语从句以及固定短语be filled with ，cant help doing。八、提纲类作文13.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to th
161、e instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华，你们学校将为学生开设一系列微课程，每人可以选择其中的一项参加课程包括“文学欣赏”（Literature Appreciation）、“厨艺”（Cooking Skills）和“野外生存”（Wilderness Survival Skills）。你在英国留学的表哥Wilson很关心你这次课程的选择。请你写E-mail给他，说说你选择的结果，并简要谈谈你这样选择的理由。【答案】 Dear Wilson， I have learnt that our school will be open new train
162、 courses to satisfy our needs, including Literature Appreciation, Cooking Skills and Wilderness Survival Skills. As for me, I wont hesitate to choose Wilderness Survival Skills.Most projects of Wilderness Survival Skills are designed to improve the quality of peoples psychology, to improve self-cont
163、rol ability of students to continually overcome the psychological fear, to challenge themselves, overcome themselves and shape the good will quality of calm, resolute, indomitable. In addition, Outward Bound can cultivate students sense of team work. Obviously, Wilderness Survival Skills can achieve
164、 educational goals of psychological and social adaptation, which, for the long run, pays off and benefits us for a life-long term.YoursLi Hua【考点】文字式应用文，半开放性作文 【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份写E-mail给英国留学的表哥Wilson，说说你选课的结果，并简要谈谈你这样选择的理由。写作背景：们学校将为学生开设一系列微课程，每人可以选择其中的一项参加课程包括“文学欣赏”（Literature Appreciation
165、）、“厨艺”（Cooking Skills）和“野外生存”（Wilderness Survival Skills）。Wilson很关心你这次课程的选择。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。 【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如
166、：I have learnt that our school will be open new train courses to satisfy our needs, including Literature Appreciation, Cooking Skills and Wilderness Survival Skills. 运用了宾语从句，被动语态；Most projects of Wilderness Survival Skills are designed to improve the quality of peoples psychology, to improve self-co
167、ntrol ability of students to continually overcome the psychological fear, to challenge themselves, overcome themselves and shape the good will quality of calm, resolute, indomitable.运用了被动语态；Obviously, Wilderness Survival Skills can achieve educational goals of psychological and social adaptation, which, for the long run, pays off and benefits us for a life-long term.运用了非限制性定语从句。
