1、20届上海市高三秋考押题英语密卷05（满分115分）第I卷（共100分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other bl
2、anks, use one word that best fits each blank.As more people across the world are encouraged to work from home, televised news, social media and online forums _1_(combine) can either be an enlightening or fear-mongering source of information._2_ social distancing now a thing, one can only look at the
3、ir phone or laptop so many times a day for accurate updates about the spread of COVID-19. Fortunately, a few tech enthusiasts are looking to make a contribution _3_(eradicate) the spread of the virus, using an app backed by data from official health organizations and medical institutes.Rtr Nipuna Ra
4、mbukkanage, President of The Rotary District 3220, noted that he and his team pondered over the situation of the nation and came up with _4_ they recognized as the deal solution a mobile application system called Track the Spread.The system can be used to support the Government to control COVID-19 b
5、y storing and analyzing details of the quarantined persons, and the public health officials (PHI). PHIs can use their app to check the location of the quarantined persons and monitor their activities. Health officials will get the opportunity _5_ the ability to monitor quarantined people without phy
6、sically visiting them, give instructions and keep in touch with them.The main challenge Rambukkanage and his team _6_(face) in building Track the Spread was in finding talented undergraduates _7_ reading degrees are related to Computer Science. They also needed to get the green light from the Govern
7、ment to put this app into practice. After visiting the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Defence, Medical Officers for Health and Public Health Inspectors. they finally triumphed on their well-deserved victory.“We wanted to make the lives of people in quarantine easier, _8_(provide) them various benef
8、its because people in quarantine have many needs and they need constant care. Therefore, we wanted to present them a mobile application to fulfill their day-to-day needs such as banking, ordering medicine and checking their health status daily. And the second objective was to reduce the risk of Publ
9、ic Health Inspectors _9_ monitoring quarantined people. To increase the effectiveness of their service, we wanted to provide them with a mobile application to effectively do their investigations.The team _10_(apply) for copyrights for the software system and are hoping to receive the copyrights soon
10、.【答案】1. combined 2. With 3. to eradicate 4. what 5. such as 6. faced 7. whose 8. providing 9. when 10. has applied【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。 随着世界各地越来越多的人被鼓励在家工作，电视新闻、社交媒体和在线论坛结合在一起，既可以成为具有启发性的信息来源，也可以成为制造恐惧的信息来源。幸运的是，一些科技爱好者正在寻找一款由官方卫生组织和医疗机构数据支持的应用程序，为根除病毒的传播做出贡献。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着世界各地越来越多的人被鼓励在家工作，电视新闻、社交媒
11、体和在线论坛结合在一起，既可以成为具有启发性的信息来源，也可以成为制造恐惧的信息来源。分析句子结构可知，combine在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语televised news, social media and online forums构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填combined。【2题详解】考查介词。句意：随着社交距离成为现实，人们每天只能多次查看手机或笔记本电脑，以获取COVID-19传播的准确信息。此处表示“随着”，应用介词with，句首单词首字母要大写。故填With。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，一些科技爱好者正在寻找一款由官方卫生组织和医疗机构数据支
12、持的应用程序，为根除病毒的传播做出贡献。结合句意表示“为做某事做出贡献”可知，短语为make a contribution to do sth.。故填to eradicate。【4题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：3220扶轮地区主席Rtr Nipuna Rambukkanage指出，他和他的团队思考了这个国家的情况，并提出了他们认为的“解决方案”一个名为“追踪传播”的移动应用系统。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，应用what引导。故填what。【5题详解】考查固定短语。句意：卫生官员将获得机会，例如能够监测被隔离的人，而无需亲自探访他们，给予指示并与他们保持联系。结合句意表示“例如”短语为
13、such as。故填such as。【6题详解】考查动词时态。句意：Rambukkanage和他的团队在创建“追踪传播”项目时面临的主要挑战是寻找阅读学位与计算机科学相关的有才华的本科生。此处为省略了关系词的定语从句，根据后文was可知，应用一般过去时。故填faced。【7题详解】考查定语从句。句意：Rambukkanage和他的团队在创建“追踪传播”项目时面临的主要挑战是寻找阅读学位与计算机科学相关的有才华的本科生。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词undergraduates，先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们想让被隔离的人的生
14、活更轻松，为他们提供各种好处，因为被隔离的人有很多需求，他们需要持续的照顾。分析句子结构可知，provide在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语we构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填providing。【9题详解】考查状语从句。句意：第二个目标是在监测被隔离者时减少公共卫生检查员的风险。引导时间状语从句，表示“当时”，应用when。故填when。【10题详解】考查动词时态。句意：该团队已经为该软件系统申请了版权，并希望很快获得版权。表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为The team，助动词用has。故填has applied。Section BDirections:
15、 Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. tempting B. truly C. sensible D.inflation E. implementF. innovation G. regulators H.liberalizing I.excessive J. leaves K. imposesAll around the world, law
16、yers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession-with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast
17、as _11_ . The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, _12_ ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.There are many reasons for this. One is the _13_ costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a fou
18、r-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This _14_ todays average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their cust
19、omers. _15_ ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to _16_ them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If th
20、e bar exam is _17_ a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the
21、business. Non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm, which keeps fees high and _18_ slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the _19_ insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than
22、 serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started _20_ their l
23、egal professions. America should follow.【答案】11. D 12. A 13. I 14. J 15. C 16. E 17. B 18. F 19. G 20. H【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章就律师费用过高以及律师和客户之间敌对关系的问题进行分析，最终总结出解决办法是通过鼓励律师事务所使用技术，并聘请专业管理人员，专注于提高律师事务所的效率。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：在经济危机之前的十年间，美国法律服务支出的增长速度是通货膨胀的两倍。分析句子，该空需要一个名词作介词的宾语，D项inflation为名词，意为“通货膨胀”，符合句意。故选D项。
24、【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最好的律师赚得盆满钵满，吸引着越来越多的学生涌入法学院。分析句子，该空需要一个动词作结果状语，前面表示律师收入很高，A项tempting意为“吸引，诱惑”符合句意。故选A项。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：一是法律教育费用过高。分析句子，该空需填一个形容词作定语，I项形容词excessive意为“过分的，极度的”符合句意。故选I项。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：这使得今天的法学院毕业生平均背负着10万美元的债务，超过了本科生的债务。该空需填一个动词作谓语，应使用单三形式，J项leaves意为“留给”符合句意。故选J项。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：明智的想
25、法已经存在很长一段时间了，但是管理该职业的州级机构过于保守，无法实施它们。分析句子，该空需填一个形容词作定语修饰名词ideas，C项sensible意为“明智的； 通情达理的”，符合句意。故选C项。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：明智的想法已经存在很长一段时间了，但是管理该职业的州级机构过于保守，无法实施它们。分析句子，该空需填一个动词，E项implement动词词义为“贯彻，实施”，符合句意。故选E项。【17题详解】考查副词。句意：如果律师考试对一个准律师来说真的是一个足够严厉的考试，那么那些能提前参加的人应该被允许参加。分析句子，该空需要副词，B项truly意为“真地”，符合句意。故选B项。
26、【18题详解】考查名词。句意：非律师可能不拥有律师事务所的任何股份，这使得费用高昂，创新缓慢。分析句子结构，该空需要一个名词与fees并列作keep的宾语，F项名词innovation意为“创新”符合句意。故选F项。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：律师行业内部存在要求变革的压力，但监管机构中反对变革的人士坚持认为，将外部人士排除在律师事务所之外，会使律师免受赚钱的压力，而不是在道德上为客户服务。分析句子，该空需要一个名词作介词among的宾语，G项regulators名词意为“管理者，管理机构”符合句意。故选G项。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：毕竟，其他国家，如澳大利亚和英国，已经开始自由
27、化他们的法律职业。分析句子，该空需填一个动名词或不定式形式作started的宾语，H项liberalizing意为“使自由化”符合句意。故选H项。III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Wheres winter? A
28、 number of countries just witnessed their warmest January ever recorded.Its not just you January was _ than usual for many parts of the world.The global temperature last month was warmer than every previous January on record, just _22_ out the previous record from January 2016, the Copernicus Climat
29、e Change Service reported.And in Europe, it was the warmest January ever recorded at 0.2C warmer than the previous record in 2007, theEuropean Unions system for _23_ the Earth said.The rise is even more _24_ through the lens of history _25_ to the average January temperature in the pre-industrial ye
30、ars before the 20th century, it was about 1.4 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer.Last month, temperatures in Europe were warmer than the 1981-2010 January average, especially over parts of northern Europe, the report said. Some areas were more than 6C above the average, _26_ overall, it
31、 was 3.1C warmer than the average January in that time period.It also brought the warmest January day ever recorded in Norway, which saw the second warmest January overall since 1900.And in Central and southern Finland, it was its warmest January recorded since 1961.The heat wave _27_ to several par
32、ts of Russia, too.Temperatures from east of Greenland to the northwest of Svalbard were warmer, and had below-average sea-ice cover._28_, last year was 0.59C warmer than the 1981-2010 average. Thats the second warmest year on record. The warmest 12-month period remains October 2015 to September 2016
33、, where it was 0.66C _29_ 1981-2010. Those averages are pushing global temperatures _30_ to red lines set by both climate scientists and world leaders. Scientists have _31_ that global temperatures should be kept well below 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) of _32_. The international commun
34、ity, as outlined through the Paris Climate Agreement, stated that participating countries would _33_ to keep global warming limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius.But _34_ with a rise since pre-industrial temperatures, last months average is between 1.2 and 1.4 deg C of warming putting it near the Paris Cli
35、mate Agreements _35_. A. coolerB. rainierC. sunnierD. toastier22. A. leavingB. edgingC. findingD. checking23. A. improvingB. revealingC. monitoringD. changing24. A. strikingB. uniqueC. commonD. realistic25. A. contrastB. contraryC. subjectD. compared26. A. butB. andC. orD. furthermore27. A. movedB.
36、occurredC. extendedD. stuck28 A. internallyB. globallyC. partiallyD. immediately29. A. belowB. betweenC. aboutD. above30. A. closeB. inferiorC. limitedD. expanded31. A. assumedB. predictedC. warnedD. argued32. A. decliningB. warningC. changingD. decreasing33. A. objectB. contributeC. devoteD. strive
37、34. A. coupledB. litteredC. packedD. matched35. A. regulationB. standardC. ceilingD. norm【答案】. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。据报道，今年一月份很多地方气温比有记录以来的每一个一月份都要高。平均温度上升1.2至1.4摄氏度，接近巴黎气候协议设定的上限：1.5摄氏度。【题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对世界上许多地方来说，一月比往常
38、更加温暖舒适。A. cooler更凉爽的；B. rainier更多雨的；C. sunnier阳光更充足的；D. toastier更温暖舒适的。根据下一句中的“The global temperature last month was warmer than every previous January on record”可知，一月份比历史上其他同等月份更温暖。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：据哥白尼气候变化服务中心报道，上个月的全球气温比有记录以来的每一个一月份都要高，超过了2016年1月的记录。A. leaving离开； B. edging徐徐移动；C. finding发现，
39、找到；D. checking核对，检查。根据前面的“warmer”可知，上个月的温度超过了2016年一月份的温度。edge out意为“胜出，险胜”。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：欧盟监测地球的系统称，在欧洲，这是有记录以来最热的一月，比2007年的前记录高出0.2摄氏度。A. improving提高，改善； B. revealing透露； C. monitoring监视，监听，监测；D. changing改变。前文介绍了一月份温度的变化趋势，这种变化应该是欧联负责监测地球的系统得出的结论。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从历史的角度看，这种增长更加引人注目。A
40、. striking显著的，惊人的； B. unique独一无二的；C. common常见的；D. realistic现实的。根据后文“_ to the average January temperature in the pre-industrial years before the 20th century, it was about 1.4 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer”可知，一月份温度比20世纪前一月份的平均气温高了很多。因此，这种温度的上升更加引人注目。故选A。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从历史的角度来看，
41、这一上升更为引人注目与20世纪前工业化时代1月份的平均气温相比，上升了约1.4摄氏度(2.7华氏度)。A. contrast对比，差异；B. contrary相反的，相对的；C. subject受影响的；D. compared比较的，对照的。“_ to the average January temperature in the pre-industrial years before the 20th century”作状语，所以排除A选项，而且此处是和20世纪前工业时代一月份的平均气温作比较。故选D。【26题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：一些地区比平均水平高出6C以上，但总体而言，比同期1月
42、的平均水平高出3.1C。A. but但是；B. and和，并且；C. or或者；D. furthermore而且。前一句提到地区温度平均上升6C。后一句提总体而言，一月份温度平均上升3.1C。前后两句是转折关系。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：热浪也蔓延到了俄罗斯的几个地区。 A. moved移动；B. occurred发生；C. extended延展；D. stuck刺，戳，粘贴。根据too可知，热浪不仅在芬兰中部和南部出现，而且还蔓延到了俄罗斯的部分区域。故选C。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在全球范围内，去年的温度比1981-2010年的平均温度高0.59C。 A.
43、 internally内部地，国内地；B. globally全球地；C. partially部分地，偏袒地；D. immediately立即地，马上地。 根据该段中的“global temperatures”可知，该段叙述的是全球温度的变化。故选B。【29题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：最热的12个月是2015年10月至2016年9月，比1981-2010年高出0.66C。 A. below在下面；B. between在之间； C. about关于；D. above胜过，高于。根据该句中的“warmest”可知，最热的12个月是2015年10月至2016年9月。因此这段时期的温度比1981-2
44、010年的平均值高0.66C。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些平均值正将全球气温推近气候科学家和世界领导人设定的红线。 A. close近的，关系密切的；B. inferior差的，下级的；C. limited有限的；D. expanded扩充的，展开的。根据语境可知，这些平均值使得全球气温离科学家和世界领导人设定的红线越来越近。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家们警告说，全球气温上升应保持在2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)以下。 A. assumed假设，认为；B. predicted预测；C. warned警告；D. argued争论。根据上文可知，全球气温越
45、来越接近科学家们设定的红线，这是一种危险的趋势。因此，该句指科学家们“警告说”全球气温应保持在2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)以下。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家们警告说，全球变暖温度上升应保持在2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)以下。A. declining下降，减少；B. warning警告；C. changing改变；D. decreasing减少，缩减。上文介绍的是一月份温度上升的情况。再结合下一句中的“global warming”可知，科学家们认为全球变暖温度上升应保持在2摄氏度以下。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：国际社会通过巴黎气候协定表示，参与国将努力将全球
46、变暖控制在1.5摄氏度以内。A. object反对；B. contribute为做贡献；C. devote致力于，奉献于；D. strive努力，奋斗。前一句提到，科学家们警告说，全球气温上升应保持在2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)以下。因此，参与国应努力把全球变暖控制在1.5摄氏度以内。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但再加上工业化前气温的上升，上个月的平均气温上升了1.2至1.4摄氏度，接近巴黎气候协议(Paris Climate Agreement)的上限。A. coupled成对，组对；B. littered乱丢；C. packed打包；D. matched敌得过，和匹配。现在的
47、温度上升再加上工业化前气温的上升，两者导致个月的平均气温上升了1.2至1.4摄氏度。coupled with意为“加上，外加”。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但再加上工业化前气温的上升，上个月的平均气温上升了1.2至1.4摄氏度，接近巴黎气候协议(Paris Climate Agreement)的上限。A. regulation规则；B. standard标准；C. ceiling上限，天花板；D. norm标准，规范。根据倒数第二段中的“participating countries would _ to keep global warming limited to 1.5
48、degrees Celsius”可知，巴黎气候协议中，温度上升的上限是1.5摄氏度，1.2至1.4摄氏度接近了这个上限。故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the
49、 information given in the passage you have read.(A)Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at
50、 high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering have aroused their inter
51、est, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raise
52、d living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Er
53、ik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums from grammar school to college should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job o
54、f fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of copi
55、ng with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D print
56、ers and virtual reality havent been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wag
57、e subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find the
58、ir lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.36. what does the underlined word “their” in the second paragraph refer to?A. Low-income workers.B. Robot owners.C. Robots.D. Resea
59、rchers of the study.37. Which of the following is true?A. All jobs will be threatened by the coming of robots.B. Optimists opinions on new tech find little support.C. Issues arising from automation need to be tackled.D. Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided.38. Education in the age of aut
60、omation should put more emphasis on_.A. innovative potentialB. job-hunting skillsC. communication skillsD. cooperative spirit39. The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at .A. encouraging the development of automationB. boosting incomesC. easing the hostility between rich and poorD. bridging
61、the income gap【答案】36. C 37. C 38. A 39. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论自动化对未来生活和学习的影响。【36题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering have aroused”可知，像园艺或日托这样的低收入工作对机器人没有吸引力。但是，许多中产阶级的
62、职业卡车运输、金融咨询、软件工程已经或即将引起机器人的兴趣，故划线词指的是“机器人”。故选C。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the
63、 transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines.(应对自动化带来的挑战凸显了美国重振其日渐衰退的商业活力的必要性：必须让创办新公司变得更容易。在以往技术剧烈变革的时代，企业家们通过想出将劳动力和机器结合起来的方法，使这种转变变得平稳)”可知，C选项“需要解决自动化带来的问题”正确。故选C。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Curriculums from grammar school to college should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and mo
64、re on creativity and complex communication. (课程从语法学校到大学应该逐渐减少对事实的记忆，更多地关注创造力和复杂的交流)”可知，在自动化的时代，教育应致力于创造潜能。故选A。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage lab
65、or need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.(最后，由于自动化可能会扩大资本收入和劳动收入之间的差距，税收和安全网将不得不重新考虑。需要削减对低工资劳动力的税收，扩大劳动所得税抵免等工资补贴：这将提高收入，鼓励工作，奖励创造就业的公司，并减少不平等)”可知
66、，作者建议税收政策应以缩小收入差距为目标。故选D。(B)THE WORLDS RAREST LEOPARDTHESE BIG CATS GET A NEW CHANCE AT SURVIVAL.Slowly stalking down the snowy hillside, the Amur leopard watches its prey through the trees. In the clearing below, a sika deer munches on tree bark, one of its few remaining food sources during the col
67、d Russian winter. The leopard crouches, its body so low to the ground that its belly fur brushes the snow. Suddenly it bounds and springs forward, tackling the deer from 10 feet away. With a deadly combination of speed, strength, and stealth, the Amur leopard seems like it has everything it needs fo
68、r survival. But not long ago after decades of habitat loss and poaching these endangered cats almost went extinct. Thanks in part to a newly established national park, however, Amur leopards are clawing their way back from the brink.Disappearing ActMost people think of leopards prowling African sava
69、nnas, but the spotted predators are found in many different countries and habitats. Theyve adjusted to life in grasslands, jungles, deserts, and freezing, hilly landscapes. Its there along the Russian-Chinese border that Amur leopards live, adapting to their chilly climate with bushier fur and longe
70、r legs to trudge through the deep snow.Although Amur leopards thrive in freezing temperatures, by the late 20th century the human population moving into their habitat shrunk their California-size range by a huge 98 percent, trapping the animals in a stretch of land less than half the size of Puerto
71、Rico. Poachers roamed the space that remained, killing the cats to sell their coats. In 2000, conservationists were stunned when a new count of Amur leopards estimated that only 30 were left in the world (though it was based on a study done by counting tracks, which isnt the most reliable method). “
72、These animals were going extinct,” biologist Dale Miquelle says. “Some of us were afraid it was too late to save them.”Their solution? A new national park dedicated to protecting the endangered cat. But first, scientists had to convince the government that this was something worth doing and that it
73、could be done.40. In paragraph 1, the Amur Leopard will be almost extinct because _.A. the sika deer had moved their habitat to snowy hillsideB. human have hunted the leopard for decadeC. they cant endure the chilly cold environmentD. the national park established41. According to this passage, what
74、does the “spotted predators” mean?A. The leopards.B. Human beings.C. The poachers.D. Leopards nature enemies.42. What is the biologists attitude to the disappearing of the leopard?A. Its too late to save them.B. They should convince the government to get human far from the habitat.C. They should hur
75、ry to establish a national park.D. They should let the government legislate to stop poaching.【答案】40. B 41. A 42. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了因为经过几十年的栖息地丧失和偷猎，远东豹面临灭绝的危险，然而，在一定程度上，多亏了一个新建立的国家公园，这一现状正在得到改善。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“With a deadly combination of speed, strength, and stealth, the Amur leopard seem
76、s like it has everything it needs for survival. But not long ago after decades of habitat loss and poaching these endangered cats almost went extinct.(凭借速度、力量和潜行的致命结合，远东豹似乎拥有了生存所需的一切。 但就在不久之前经过几十年的栖息地丧失和偷猎这些濒危的猫科动物几乎灭绝了)”可知，远东豹将几乎灭绝，因为人类已经捕杀了豹子十年。故选B。【41题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Most people think of leopard
77、s prowling African savannas”以及后文“are found in many different countries and habitats”可知，大多数人认为豹在非洲大草原徘徊，但这种有斑点的食肉动物（即豹子）在许多不同的国家和栖息地都有发现。由此推知，spotted predators的意思是“豹子”。故选A。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Their solution? A new national park dedicated to protecting the endangered cat.( 他们的解决方案？建立一个新的国家公园致力于保护濒危的猫
78、科动物)”可知，生物学家认为应该赶快建立一个国家公园。故选C。(C)“The dangerous thing about lying is people dont understand how the act changes us,” says Dan Ariely, behavioral psychologist and Duke university. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Some experts even consider lying a developmenta
79、l milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated planning, attention and ability to see a situation from someone elses perspective to manipulate them. But, for most people, lying gets limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.Harvard cognitiv
80、e neuroscientist Joshua Greene says, for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine, which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain. Some people told the truth instantly and instinctive
81、ly. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal perietal (颅腔壁的) control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty and ultimately opting for the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he
82、found that people whose neural rewards centers were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars suggesting that suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation.External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie.
83、 We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to rationalize it, when we are stressed and fatigued to see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching. “We as a society need to understand that, when we dont pun
84、ish lying, we increase the probability it will happen again,” Ariely says.In a 2016 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters peoples brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists notic
85、ed a burst of activity in their amygdala. The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional response including that sinking, guilty feeling you get when you lie. But when scientists had their subjects play a game in which they won many by deceiving their partner,
86、they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. Not only that, but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with li
87、ttle lie which get bigger over time.43. Why do some experts consider lying a milestone in a childs development?A. It shows they have the ability to view complex situations from different angles.B. It indicates they have an ability more remarkable than crawling and walking.C. It represents their abil
88、ity to actively interact with people around them.D. It involves the coordination of both their mental and physical abilities.44. Why does the Harvard neuroscientist say that lying takes work?A. It is hard to choose from several options.B. It is difficult to sound natural or plausible.C. It requires
89、speedy blood flow into ones brain.D. It involves lots of complex mental activity.45. Under what circumstances do people tend to lie?A. When they become too emotional.B. When they face too much peer pressure.C. When the temptation is too strong.D. When the consequences are not to happen soon.46 What
90、does they author say will happen when a liar does not get punished?A. They may feel justified.B. They will tell big lies.C. They will become satisfied with themselves.D. They will confuse lies and truths.【答案】43. A 44. D 45. B 46. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。心理学家已经证明，儿童早在两岁时就会撒谎，但是，对大多数人来说，随着道德感和自我调节能力的发展，撒谎变得有
91、限。文章主要介绍了关于撒谎的研究、影响撒谎的因素以及撒谎的影响。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated planning, attention and ability to see a situation from someone elses perspective to manipulate them.(一些专家甚至认为说谎是一个发展的里程碑，就像爬行和
92、走路一样，因为它需要复杂的计划、注意力和从别人的角度看待情况的能力，以控制他们)”可知，一些专家认为说谎是孩子成长的里程碑因为这表明他们有能力从不同的角度看待复杂的情况。故选A。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene says, for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a fun
93、ctional MRI machine, which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain. Some people told the truth instantly and instinctively. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal perietal (颅腔壁的) control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This sugg
94、ests that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty and ultimately opting for the latter.(哈佛大学认知神经学家Joshua Greene说，对我们大多数人来说，撒谎是需要努力的。在研究中，他让研究对象有机会通过欺骗来获取金钱，同时用功能性核磁共振成像机器检查他们的大脑，这台机器可以将血液流动映射到大脑的活跃部位。 有些人本能地立即说出了真相。 但其他人选择撒谎，他们的额叶皮层控制网络活动增加，这与困难或复杂的思考有关。 这表明他们在真相和不诚实之间做出了选择最终选择了后者)”可知，哈佛的神经学
95、家说撒谎也需要努力，是因为它涉及许多复杂的心理活动。故选D。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to rationalize it, when we are stressed and fatigued to see others being dishonest.(研究表明，当我们能够将说谎合理化时，当我们看到别人不诚实而感到压力和疲劳时，我们更有可能说谎)”可知，当人们面对太多的同辈压力时容易撒谎。故选B。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Not only tha
96、t, but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lie which get bigger over time.(不仅如此，当人们不诚实没有后果时，他们的谎言往往会变得更加耸人听闻。这意味着，如果你给人们很
97、多机会为自己的利益撒谎，他们会从小谎言开始，随着时间的推移，谎言会越来越大)”可知，作者说如果一个说谎者没有受到惩罚，他们会撒弥天大谎。故选B。Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.First Impressions CountTradit
98、ionally uniforms were and for some industries still are manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense those for the military, for example, were originally intended to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms denot
99、ed a hierarchy._47_. Particularly in “customer facing” industries, and especially in financial services and retailing. From uniforms and workwear has emerged “corporate clothing”. “The people you employ are your ambassadors,” says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK. “What
100、 they say, how they look, and how they behave is terribly important.” The result is a new way of looking at corporate workwear. From being a simple means of identifying who is a member of the staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication.Truly effective marketing through
101、 visual cues such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. Wittingly or unwittingly, how we look sends all sorts of powerful subliminal messages to other people. Dark colors give an aura of authority while lighter pastel shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatis
102、m, others a sense of openness to new ideas. _48_.A successful uniform needs to balance two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniform will work if the staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. Giving the wearers a choice has become a key element in the way corporate clothing is introduced and managed. O
103、n the other, it is pointless if the look doesnt express the businesss marketing strategy. _49_.When it comes to human perceptions, first impressions count. Customers will size up the way the staff look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will color their attitudes from then on. Those few sec
104、onds can be so important that big companies are prepared to invest years, and millions of pounds, getting them right._50_. Some banks have yet to introduce a full corporate look; police forces are researching a completely new look for the st century. And many employees now welcome a company wardrobe
105、. A recent survey of the staff found that 90 percent welcomed having clothing which reflected the corporate identity.A. Chefs wore white because they work with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he supervisedB. Huge investments have been made in new systems, information technology and
106、 amassing quality assurance accreditationsC. The greatest challenge in this respect is timeD. Neatness can suggest efficiency but if it is overdone, it can spill over and indicate an obsession with powerE. Corporate clothing does have potential for further growthF. The last 30 years, however, have s
107、een an increasing emphasis on their role in protecting the image of an organization and in uniting the workforce into a homogeneous unit【答案】47. F 48. D 49. C 50. E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍的是制服的由来和在当代的发展，以及制服的作用。【47题详解】根据上文“When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic s
108、ense those for the military, for example, were originally intended to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms denoted a hierarchy.(当它们最初被设计出来的时候，也很可能所有的制服都具有象征意义例如那些为军队设计的制服，最初是为了给敌人留下深刻印象，甚至是恐吓他们；其他制服表示等级制度)”可知，制服最初因为其具有象征意义，并不被人重视。根据下文“From being a simple means of identifying who is a m
109、ember of the staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication.(制服从一种简单的识别员工身份的方法，逐渐成为一种新的营销传播渠道)”可知，人们对待制服的态度有了转变，制服开始象征一个组织的形象并发挥了将工作人员团结成一个同质单位方面的作用。故F选项“然而，在过去的30年里，人们越来越重视他们在保护组织形象和将员工团结成一个同质单位方面的作用”符合语境。故选F项。【48题详解】根据上文“Truly effective marketing through visual cues suc
110、h as uniforms is a subtle art, however. Wittingly or unwittingly, how we look sends all sorts of powerful subliminal messages to other people. Dark colors give an aura of authority while lighter pastel shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism, others a sens
111、e of openness to new ideas.(然而，通过制服等视觉线索进行真正有效的营销是一门微妙的艺术。 无论有意还是无意，我们的外表都会向他人传递各种强大的潜意识信息。深色给人一种权威的感觉，而较浅的柔和色调则表明平易近人。某些服装风格会给人一种保守的感觉，另一些则会给人一种接受新思想的开放感)”可知，上文提到了制服的颜色和风格带给人的感受，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明制服带给人的感受。故选项“整洁可以暗示效率，但如果过分整洁，就会溢出来，表明对权力的痴迷”符合语境，故选D。【49题详解】根据后文“When it comes to human perceptions,
112、first impressions count. Customers will size up the way the staff look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will color their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to invest years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.(说到人类的感知，第一印象很
113、重要。顾客只需几秒钟就能判断出员工的长相，而这几秒钟将影响他们今后的态度。这几秒钟的时间是如此重要，以至于大公司准备投入数年乃至数百万英镑的时间来正确把握这几秒钟)”可知，后文提到了几秒钟给人带来的第一印象的重要性，可推测是在说明时间的重要性。故选项“在这方面最大的挑战是时间”符合语境，故选C。【50题详解】根据下文“Some banks have yet to introduce a full corporate look; police forces are researching a complete new look for the st century.(一些银行尚未推出完整的企业形
114、象;警察部队正在研究面向世纪的全新面貌)”可推知，企业服装有进一步增长的潜力。故E选项“企业服装有进一步增长的潜力”符合语境。故选E。IV. Summary Writing51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Mulan A Well-known Tale Gets A New MovieDisne
115、ys 1998 animated movie Mulan has become a classic. With its fun music, it has something for everyone. But this year the classic story is getting a makeover. Mulan is the latest animated Disney movie to be made into a live-action film.The movie tells the story of a young Chinese woman named Mulan. Wh
116、en China is in danger, the emperor orders one man from every household to join the army. Mulan disguises herself as a man so that she can fight instead of her aging father.There will be some changes to the characters and the plot in this new movie. In the original Disney movie, Mulan falls in love w
117、ith her captain, Li Shang. The new movie will give Mulan a new love interest, who is another soldier. Her commander, a separate character, will be a mentor to her. The new film also gives her a sister, which was not the case in the original.At first the new Mulans director, Niki Caro, said that ther
118、e would be no songs in her movie. But after complaints from fans, she said that music would play some role in the movie. Most likely instruments will play some of the more well-known pieces. But the cast probably wont sing them, and some familiar songs may be missing altogether.Mulans helper, the sm
119、all dragon Mushu, may be missing from the live-action movie as well. There is talk that he is being replaced by the phoenix, another legendary animal that plays a role in Chinese culture. As of now, it is guarded secret!Since Mulan takes place in China and is a traditional Chinese actress Liu Yifei,
120、 and the movie will also feature Donnie Yen and Jet Li.Fans of original movie are eagerly waiting to see this new take on a classic story. Hopefully the new movie will meet their expectations.【答案】A new live-action movie based on Disneys Mulan follows a woman who joins the army to protect her father.
121、 It differs from the original both in characters and plot. Either familiar songs or the dragon Mushu which was took place by a phoenix will disappear. Happening in China, the main characters are all Chinese. Fans expect it very much.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，根据迪士尼电影花木兰改编的一部最新真人电影讲述了一名女子为了保护父亲而从军的故事。它在人
122、物和情节上都不同于原著。无论是熟悉的歌曲，还是由凤凰所产生的龙木须，都会消失。故事发生在中国，主角都是中国人。对此，粉丝们都很期待。【详解】1.要点摘录 The movie tells the story of a young Chinese woman named Mulan. When China is in danger, the emperor orders one man from every household to join the army. Mulan disguises herself as a man so that she can fight instead of he
123、r aging father.There will be some changes to the characters and the plot in this new movie.But after complaints from fans, she said that music would play some role in the movie. Mulans helper, the small dragon Mushu, may be missing from the live-action movie as well. There is talk that he is being r
124、eplaced by the phoenix, another legendary animal that plays a role in Chinese culture.Since Mulan takes place in China and is a traditional Chinese actress Liu Yifei, and the movie will also feature Donnie Yen and Jet Li. Fans of original movie are eagerly waiting to see this new take on a classic s
125、tory.2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句A new live-action movie based on Disneys Mulan follows a woman who joins the army to protect her father.It differs from the original both in characters and plot.Either familiar songs or the dragon Mushu which was took place by a phoenix will disappear.Ha
126、ppening in China, the main characters are all Chinese. Fans expect it very much.【点睛】高分句型1 A new live-action movie based on Disneys Mulan follows a woman who joins the army to protect her father.运用who引导定语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。高分句型2 Either familiar songs or the dragon Mushu which was took place by a phoenix w
127、ill disappear.用which引导定语从句对第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。第II卷 （共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 许多人认为减肥的关键是不吃任何垃圾食品。(cut)（汉译英）【答案】Most people think that the key to losing weight is to cut out any junk food.【解析】【详解】考查动词时态和宾语从句。
128、表示“许多人”应用most people；表示“认为”应用think；think后面是that引导的宾语从句；表示“减肥的关键”应用the key to losing weight；表示“是”应用be；根据提示词cut可知，表示“不吃”应用cut out，此处用动词不定式作表语；表示“任何垃圾食品”应用any junk food；陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语主语为复数，谓语动词用原形；从句主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故答案为Most people think that the key to losing weight is to cut out any junk foo
129、d.53. 南非有许多野生动物，难怪是动物爱好者的乐园，所以高考后我和同学们要去那里游玩。（汉译英）【答案】There are many wild animals in South Africa so no wonder it is many animal lovers wonderland. After taking college entrance exam，my classmates and I plan to visit there.【解析】【详解】考查动词时态和状语从句。表示“有”应用there be句型；表示“许多野生动物”应用many wild animals；表示“再南非”应用
130、in South Africa；表示“因此”应用so；表示“难怪”应用no wonder；表示“它是”应用it be；表示“动物爱好者的乐园”应用animal lovers wonderland；表示“再之后”应用after，引导时间状语从句；表示“参加”应用take，主句和从句主语一致，省略从句主语和be动词，此处使用现在分词形式taking；表示“高考”应用college entrance exam；表示“我和我的同学们”应用my classmates and I；表示“打算”应用plan to do sth.；表示“游玩”应用visit；表示“在那里”应用there；句子陈述客观事实，使
131、用一般现在时，第一句话中主句谓语动词使用复数形式are；从句中主语为it，be动词用is；第二句话中主句主语是并列的主语，谓语动词使用原形。故答案为There are many wild animals in South Africa so no wonder it is many animal lovers wonderland. After taking college entrance exam，my classmates and I plan to visit there.54. 共有三支队伍提出的解决方法获得了评委们的青睐，我们代表葡萄牙队，即为其中之一。（汉译英）【答案】There
132、 are three teams in total, whose proposals are favored by the judges, and our team, on behalf of Portugal is one of them.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句和时态。此处为and连接的并列句；前半句为there be句型，主语为three teams，时态为一般现在时；表示“共有”短语为in total；后跟whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词teams；从句中主语为复数名词proposals；表示“获得青睐”应用动词favor，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态；
133、表示“评委”应用复数名词judges；后半句中主语为team；表示“代表”短语为on behalf of；表示“其中之一”短语为one of。故翻译为There are three teams in total, whose proposals are favored by the judges, and our team, on behalf of Portugal is one of them.55. 你好，李焕英这部以母女关系为题材的影片一经播出就大受欢迎，成为票房第一的春节档电影。（rank）（汉译英）【答案】The moment Hi, Mom featuring mother-da
134、ughter relationship was released, it was well-received and ranked the first in box office during spring festival.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。此处为the moment引导的时间状语从句，表示“一就”；从句中表示“你好，李焕英这部以母女关系为题材的影片”翻译为Hi, Mom featuring mother-daughter relationship；表示“播出”应用动词release，且与主语构成被动关系，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主句
135、主语为it；表示“大受欢迎的”应用形容词well-received，作表语；表示“成为票房第一的春节档电影”为rank the first in box office during spring festival，主句用一般过去时。故翻译为The moment Hi, Mom featuring mother- daughter relationship was released, it was well- received and ranked the first in box office during spring festival.VI. Guided Writing56. Direc
136、tions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是市西高中的王丽。过完今年的暑假你将迎来大学生活。你校拟选拔一些优秀学生，利用暑假到当地实验小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。请根据提示写给校评选组一封申请信：1.对此活动的认识（如对本人，学生和社会的益处）；2.个人优势（如性格，独立生活能力，语言能力等）；3.你的计划（如怎样做等）。【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,Im Wangli from class one,
137、senior three. I am writing to apply for the opportunity to help the students in Shiyan School with their English. Thus they can improve their English during the summer vacation. Meanwhile, I can learn how to get along well with the students and benefit the whole school. I long for participating this
138、 activity because after class activities are an integral part of school life. By going in for such activities, I can learn what I cannot learn from books, which will be beneficial to me in the future.Im upbeat easy-going and always ready to help others. I wash clothes and make beds by myself to deve
139、lop independence. English is my favorite subject and I have won several prizes in English contests. So I think that I am qualified for the position.I plan to communicate with students first to know what they need. Besides, Ill try to get them more interested in English by telling stories, singing so
140、ngs, playing games and so on. Except teaching those students words or grammar literally, I will start share English news with them and read Hamlet to interest them about the charisma of language rather than improve their English scores merely.Id appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity.You
141、rs Sincerely,Wang Li【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给校评选组一封申请信，申请到当地实验小学为学生辅导英语。【详解】1.词汇积累机会：chanceopportunity提高：promoteimprove渴望：yearn forlong for计划做某事：intend to do sthplan to do sth2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：English is my favorite subject and I have won several prizes in English contests. So I think that I am qualifie
142、d for the position.拓展句：I think that I am qualified for the position because English is my favorite subject and I have won several prizes in English contests.【点睛】高分句型1 I long for participating this activity because after class activities are an integral part of school life. (运用了because引导原因状语从句)高分句型2 By going in for such activities, I can learn what I cannot learn from books, which will be beneficial to me in the future. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
