1、Section Using Language自主学习激发潜能. 词汇拓展 finding /fand/n.发现；调查结果；（法律）判决 find /fand/vt.找到；发现 initial /nl/adj.最初的；开始的；第一的 initially /nli/adv.最初，首先；开头 initialize /nlaz/vt.初始化 defend /dfend/vt.保卫；防守；辩解 defence /dfens/n.防御；保卫 assist /sst/ vt.帮助；协助；援助 assistance /sstns/n.帮助；协助 assistant /sstnt/n.助手；助理 steady
2、/stedi/adj.平稳的；稳步的；稳定的 steadily /stedili/adv.平稳地；持续地 astronomer /strnm(r)/n.天文学家 astronomy /strnmi/n.天文学 vivid /vvd/adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 vividly /vvdli/adv.清晰地；生动地；强烈地 brilliant /brlint/ adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 brilliantly /brljntli/ adv.灿烂地；辉煌地；光亮地 abstract /bstrkt/ adj.抽象的；理性的n.（文献等的）摘要 abstraction /bstrkn/ n.
3、抽象；提取 gifted /ftd/ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 gift /ft/ n.礼物；天赋；赠品 mechanical /mknkl/ adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的 mechanic /mknk/ n.机械师；机械修理工 machine /min/ n.机械装置，机器. 情境词块1.have an impact on 对有影响2.with effort 努力3.break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发4.in charge of 主管，掌管5.take on the challenge 接受挑战e down 患（病）；染上（小病）7.指出 poi
4、nt out 8.梦想 dream of 9.最重要的是; 尤其是 above all . 情境佳句1.句型公式“否定词+比较级”结构表示最高级意义教材原句Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。中文例句多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。句式仿写What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving one .2.句
5、型公式not only. but also. 不但而且教材原句He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。中文例句他不但给我提了建议，而且还借给了我一些钱。句式仿写 Not only did he give me some advice, but also he l
6、ent me some money .激发思维全程指导背景导学本栏目的活动主题是“谈论科学研究的经历”，听说活动聚焦参观博物馆。通过这样的科学探究和体验方式激活学生的相关经历，让学生谈论不同类型的科学探究活动，描述自己参与科学实验和科学研究的经历，与同学交流。文本改写教材原文教材译文THE FATHER OF CHINAS AEROSPACEPerhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of th
7、e Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homelandwith effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao T
8、ong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.Qian went to the United States in 1935
9、 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, h
10、e and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASAS leading space-exploration centres.After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not onl
11、y developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did
12、 not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, his reply was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”Under Qians leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the firs
13、t generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qians research, Qian earned the name of “the father of Chinas aeros
14、pace”.Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often ga
15、ve him inspiration in his scientific research.On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qians death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHTStephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with
16、images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate studen
17、t in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point
18、 in time and space. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question and answer period after one of Hoyles lectures, Hawking stood up and pointedout that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that
19、the big bang theory-and not the steady state theory-was true. Hawkings own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born.So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He w
20、as willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This
21、odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.中国航天之父也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们尊敬。钱学森的故事一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献、成就斐然。钱学森1911年生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。19
22、35年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而
23、，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。一个纯思维的世界史蒂芬霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。霍金最早成名于1964年, 当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论：第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终；另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的
24、一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。那么，是什么使史蒂芬霍金成为一名天才呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。请将范文中
25、的第二篇改写成一篇80词左右的短文。【审题谋篇】【词汇储备】1.之一 one of. 2.成名 achieve fame 3.一名物理学研究生 a graduate student in physics 4.证明 prove 5.用望远镜 with telescopes 6.一名天才 a genius 7.才华横溢 brilliant 8.愿意做 be willing to do 9.害怕做 be afraid to do 10.梦想 dream of 【句型运用】1.史蒂芬霍金是物理学中最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。(one of) Stephen Hawking was one of th
26、e most famous and gifted scientists in physics. 2.霍金作为一名物理学研究生最早成名于1964年。(achieve fame) Hawking first achieved fame as a graduate student in physics in 1964. 3.他对大爆炸理论的研究不久被天文学家用望远镜证明，这使他成为一位明星。(be done) His own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes and he became
27、 a star. 4.是什么使史蒂芬霍金成为一名天才呢？（make+复合宾语） What made Stephen Hawking a genius? 5.除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人。(besides doing) Besides being brilliant, he was brave. 6.他愿意说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。（what引导宾语从句） He was willing to say what others were afraid to say and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. 【句式
28、升级】1.用强调结构强调时间状语升级句2。 It was in 1964 that Hawking first achieved fame as a graduate student in physics. 2.用非谓语动词和make的复合结构升级句3。 His own work on the big bang theory proven by astronomers with telescopes made him a star. 3.用表语从句升级句4、5。 What made Stephen Hawking a genius was that he was brilliant and b
29、rave. 4.用not onlybut also升级句6。 Not only was he willing to say what others were afraid to say but also dream of what others were afraid to dream about. 【串句成文】5.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。 Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. It was in 1964 that Hawking first ac
30、hieved fame as a graduate student in physics. His own work on the big bang theory proven by astronomers with telescopes made him a star. What made Stephen Hawking a genius was that he was brilliant and brave. Not only was he willing to say what others were afraid to say but also dream of what others
31、 were afraid to dream about. 实战演练1.假定你是李华，请根据下面表格中的内容提示，以My Hero为题，为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文，介绍你最崇拜的一位中国科学家。姓名梁建英出生年份1972年主要经历（1）1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作（2）作为总设计师带领其团队研发出时速300350公里的高速列车注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：高速列车high-speed train解析：写作指导体裁人物介绍的记叙文时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主人称以第三人称为主要点1. 人物姓名、出生日期及中国高铁总设计师2.1995年
32、大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作3. 带领其团队研发出时速300350公里的高速列车答案：One possible version:My HeroEveryone has a hero of his or her own. My hero is Liang Jianying. Born in 1972, she is the general designer of the China high-speed train. She graduated from university in 1995. Ever since, she has been devoting all her time and
33、 energy to the development of the Chinese high-speed railway. Afterwards, she led her team and invented the 300350 km/h high-speed train, making it more convenient for us to get around quickly.Liang Jianying has set a good example to us. From her, I realize that we should keep on trying until we rea
34、lize our dreams.【高级短语及句式】1.某人自己的 of ones own 2.出生在 be born in 3.从毕业 graduate from 4.从以后一直 ever since 5.把某人所有的时间和精力都花在 devote all ones time and energy to. 6.随意走走 get around 7.给某人树立一个好榜样 set a good example to sb. 8.继续做某事 keep on doing sth. 9.她出生于1972年，是中国高速列车的总设计师。（过去分词短语作状语） Born in 1972, she is the
35、general designer of the China high-speed train .10.后来，她带领她的团队，发明了300350公里/小时的高速列车，使我们更方便快速地四处旅行。（现在分词短语作状语） Afterwards, she led her team and invented the 300350 km/h high-speed train, making it more convenient for us to get around quickly .新知清障素养构建核心词汇1.pour v.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）A non-Newtonian fluid is str
36、ange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete. 非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以把它像液体一样倒出来，但如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样硬。（教材P7）典例翻译It has been pouring down in Delhi almost non-stop for the past three days, disturbing normal life.德里市在过去的3天里一直在下着倾盆大雨，几乎没有停
37、过，扰乱了正常的生活。She poured out everything to us as if we were her own kin.她把什么都对我们讲了，就仿佛我们是她的亲人似的。He was so worried that sweat began to pour down his face.他如此担心以至于汗水沿着他的面颊直淌下来。归纳拓展涌进 pour into/in 倒出；涌出；倾诉 pour out 从中涌出来 pour out of. （雨）倾盆而降 pour down 联想助记“下大雨”英文一览Its pouring.Its raining cats and dogs.Its
38、 raining hard.Its raining heavily.Its a heavy rain.学以致用单句填空The rays of the sun poured in through the window.The river pours into the sea.Sobbing, she poured out the whole story.He was seriously wounded. Blood poured out of the wound.2.break out（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发However, after the Songhu Battle br
39、oke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。（教材P7）典例翻译He predicted that war would break out in the next few years.他预言战争将在接
40、下来的几年里爆发。The policeman found that the house had been broken into and a quantity of jewelry stolen.警察发现有人闯入这栋房子，盗走了大量珠宝。He tried to cope with the ever-increasing burden of his work, but finally his health broke down.他设法应付自己日益增长的工作负担，但最后他的身体垮了。归纳拓展出故障；垮掉 break down 突破；冲破 break through 破碎；解散；分手 break u
41、p 断开；中断；停顿 break off 逃脱；脱离 break away from 强行闯入；突然开始 break into 强行进入；打断 break in 学以致用单句填空He broke into my house and stole my money.The meeting broke up at eleven oclock.Once you join them, you can never break away from them.If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.3.defend
42、 v.保卫；防守；辩解However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。（教材P7）典例翻译He gave his life in de
43、fence of his country.他为保卫他的祖国而献出了自己的生命。We shall defend our country, whatever the cost may be.无论付出什么代价，我们都要保卫我们的国家。I have to say in her defence/in defence of her that she knew nothing about it beforehand.我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。We defended her from/against harm.我们保护她免受伤害。归纳拓展（1）保护使不受，为辩解 defend. from/again
44、st 自卫 defend oneself （2）defence n. U防御；保卫保卫 in defence of 为某人辩护 in ones defence = in defence of sb. 学以致用（1）单句填空He made a long speech defending his views from objections.They defended themselves against being attacked (attack).Offensive（进攻）is the best defence (defend).（2）同义改写He has hired a lawyer to
45、defend him against his action. （用defence改写） He has hired a lawyer to be in his defence against his action. 4.in charge of 主管；掌管He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中
46、国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。（教材P8）典例翻译Im the one in charge of setting up all the chairs.我是负责摆放所有椅子的人。She charged me 24 for the book.这本书她向我要价24美元。We can deliver goods to your door free of charge.我们可以免费送货上门。A week later, I volunteered to take charge of English study in my class.一个星期以后，我自愿负责班级里的英语学习。归纳拓展（1）为某物向某人收
47、取费用 charge sb. for sth. 控告某人(做)某事 charge sb. with (doing) sth. （2）掌管/负责 take charge of 控制/管理 in charge of；受的管理 in the charge of （3）免费 free of charge 学以致用（1）单句填空There is a heated discussion on whether museums should charge for admission or not.The man who had taken charge of the company was charged w
48、ith taking drugs.（2）一句多译汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。The company is in the charge of Tom while the boss is away.Tom is in charge of the company while the boss is away.Tom takes charge of the company while the boss is away.易错辨析表示“控告某人某事”还可以用accuse sb. of sth. 结构。accuse常与of搭配，而charge常与with搭配。5.fault n.弱点；过错Above al
49、l, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. 最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。（教材P9）典例翻译Its your own fault for being careless.你粗心大意是你自己的过错。I was disappointed whenever the cook found fault with my work.每当厨师挑我工作上的毛病时，我都很失望。And you are no better-But then, Im at fault too.你也好不了多少不过嘛，我也有错。归纳拓展挑剔某人/物 find fault with sb./sth
50、. 做某事是某人的过错 be ones fault for doing sth. 有过错 at fault 学以致用（1）单句填空He is always finding fault with me, which makes me very angry.That is your fault for not finishing your homework.（2）完成句子警察说是另一名司机的责任。The police said that the other driver was at fault .重点句型1.“否定词+比较级”结构表示最高级意义Perhaps no other scientist
51、 has had a greater impact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。（教材P7）典例翻译Mr. Stevenson is great to work for-I really couldnt ask for a better boss.为史蒂文森先生工作真好我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.直到那时，我才突然意识到
52、没有人比我更幸福了。Must I turn off the gas after cooking?Of course. You can never be too careful with that.做完饭后我必须关上煤气吗？当然，在用煤气方面越小心越好。归纳拓展（1）“否定词+比较级”结构表示最高级意义，通常意为“没有比更”。常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。（2）can/could+never/not+enough/too. 表示“再也不过分”。学以致用（1）单句填空I have never eaten a better (good
53、) dinner in recent years.I have never read a more interesting (interest) story than this one.You can never be too careful while crossing the street.（2）句型转换In my view, health is the most important thing in our daily life.From my point of view, nothing is more important than health in our daily life.2
54、.“动词+宾语+宾补”结构This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. 这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。（教材P9）典例翻译The news that our team had won made us very happy.我们队获胜的消息使我们非常高兴。She made him her assistant.她委派他做自己的助手。He made her work day an
55、d night.他让她日夜工作。归纳拓展make的复合结构有以下几种形式：make+名词/代词+形容词/副词；make+名词/代词+介词短语；make+名词/代词+过去分词；make+名词/代词+不带to的不定式；make+名词/代词+名词。巧学妙记类似用法的词还有：吾看三室两厅一感觉（五看三使役二听一感觉）。（吾看）notice, see, watch, observe, look at（三室）have, let, make（两厅）hear, listen to（一感觉）feel温馨提示当感官动词接不带to的宾语补足语用于被动语态时，宾补变为主补，to要还原。学以致用（1）单句填空She s
56、poke loudly so that she could made herself heard (hear) clearly.I was made to feel (feel) like one of the family.（2）完成句子她通过了考试, 这使她父母很自豪。She passed the exam, which made her parents proud .我们让他当队长。We made him captain of the team .素养达标迁移创新. 语境填词根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。1.The setting sun cast （投射） an orange
57、glow over the mountains.2.She was about to set off when a familiar shadow （影子） suddenly came into her sight.3.The moon was casting a rainbow （彩虹） through the spray from the waterfall.4. Pour （倒出） the honey into the bowl and mix it thoroughly with the other ingredients.5.There was a vast distance bet
58、ween psychological clues and concrete （具体的）proof.6.This microscope （显微镜） can magnify(放大）bacteria three thousand times their actual size.7.Twains vivid （生动的）and often amusing descriptions of life on the river quickly became popular.8.His manners had always made her blind to his faults （缺点）.9.It was h
59、is brilliant （精彩的） performance in “My Left Foot” that established his reputation.10.The research shows that preschool children are capable of thinking in abstract （抽象的）terms. 语境选词根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。have an impact on; with effort; break out; in charge of; take on;come down; in general; point out; drea
60、m of; above all1. In general , though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads!2.Think about what I have told you, but above all , dont breathe a word of it to others.3.Can you point out the hotel on this map?4.She took a deep breat
61、h and sat up slowly with effort .5.No other organization was able or willing to take on the job.6.He must have come down with a bad cold, for he has got a sore throat.7.That he dreamed of being a lawyer came true at last.8.A fire broke out in the lower storey during the midnight and soon the whole b
62、uilding was in flames.9.That would have an impact on the global economy and on financial markets.10.Now Im in charge of Class 6 and will take charge of Class 4 next term. 课文语法填空The Father of Chinas AerospacePerhaps no other scientist has had a 1. (great) impact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian
63、Xuesen. He was a well-respected man, 2. served his homeland with effort. Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and Shanghai. In 1935, he went to the US 3. further study and then worked there. After overcoming some difficulties, he 4. (return) to China in 1955, and was put in cha
64、rge of developing Chinas rocket science as well as the space and missile programme. 5. (face) with challenges, Qian didnt feel discouraged. When 6. (ask) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, his reply was “Why not?” Under 7. (he) leadership, China developed its own missiles, rockets, and man-ma
65、de satellites 8. (success). Qian was knowledgeable. However, 9. made him an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his interest in other things like music and drawing, which gave him 10. (inspire) in scientific research. The whole country was saddened by Qians death in 2009.1. greater 2. who 3. for 4. returned 5. Faced 6. asked 7. his 8. successfully 9. what 10. inspiration
