1、波士顿，曾经是一个宗教城市，现在是一个有丰富经济和社会史的美国古老城市之一。Boston is one of the oldest American cities，with a rich economic and social history.During the 1980s，Boston gained fame for its high technology，as well as a good place to develop business.In recent years，many sources have ranked Boston among the best large citie
2、s in which to live in the US.Boston lies at the mouths of the Charles and Mystic Rivers.The Rivers flow into Bostons inner harbor and then into Boston Harbor itself.Fog is caused by Bostons closeness to water.Rain is frequent in spring and summer，while snow falls regularly in winter，making Boston on
3、e of the nations wettest cities.Atlantic Ocean breezes keep Bostons climate relatively mild，compared to other cities in the northeastern US.The city experienced a booming period around the mid1800s，helped by the invention of the railroad.Among the new industries was the making of shoes and other lea
4、ther goods until recently a mainstay of the Boston economy.Bostons population remained largely Englishmen until the mid1800s，when the first waves of European immigrants began to arrive.The Cabots and Lodges were typical of the leading Puritan families.From the end of Puritan control，Boston was a rel
5、igious city.Boston was also the focus of the New England AntiSlavery Society，founded in 1832.Bostons African American population in the mid1800s was a lot，mainly because Massachusetts had said that slavery was illegal in 1783.By the time of the Civil War，Boston was a stop on the Underground Railroad
6、，which helped escaping slaves.阅读障碍词1source 信息，资料2breeze n. 微风3mainstay n. 支柱4Puritan adj. 清教徒的诱思导读阅读上面短文，回答问题。1During the mid1800s，Boston experienced rapid development due to Athe devotion of EnglishmenBthe use of the railroadCEuropean immigrantsDthe selling of shoes2Would you like to visit Boston？W
7、hy? 答案1.B2.略.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.aircraftAadj.清晰的；明显的；明确的()2.immigration Bn.苦难；困苦()3.distinct Cvt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人()4.hardship Dn.手段；方法()5.boom En.百分比；百分率()6.means Fn.飞行器；航空器；飞机()7.racial Gn.大多数；大半()8.majority Hn.(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期()9.percentage Iadj.人种的；种族的()10.elect Jn.移民；移居入境答案15FJABH610DIGEC.选择下
8、列句中词组的汉语意思A借助B占大比例的C继续存在D占大多数E沿袭F习惯于新的生活方式G与不同H繁荣()1.She died ten years ago，but her spirit now still lives on.()2.In this club，young women members are in the majority，so men have not much right to decide on things.()3.Words are powerful，because everyone expresses his or her thought by means of words
9、.()4.In the past ten years，our government has taken measures to keep up this custom.()5.A large percentage of school books now have pictures，so they look more attractive.()6.Nowadays，a great number of young people from the countryside are going to the big cities to make a life for themselves.答案16CDA
10、EBFCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA，having attracted people from all over the world.The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.This diversi
11、ty of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.加利福尼亚加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，但它是人口最多的州。加利福尼亚的与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史时，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。助读讲解现在分词短语having attracted people.作结果状语。when在此处引导时间状语从句。NATIVE AMERICANSExactly when the first pe
12、ople arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait(海峡)in the Arctic(北极)to America by means of a land bridge which
13、existed in prehistoric(史前的)times.In the 16th century，after the arrival of the Europeans，the native people suffered greatly.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition，many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.However，some survived these terrible times，and today there are more
14、 Native Americans living in California than in any other state.美洲土著人最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚州地区的，谁也说不清楚。然而，可能至少在15 000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在16世纪来到这里后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难，成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。不过，有一些人经历了这些恐怖时期而活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。助读讲解w
15、hich引导的定语从句，修饰a land bridge。过去分词短语brought by the Europeans作后置定语，修饰the diseases。现在分词短语living in California作后置定语，修饰Native Americans。THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century，when they fought against the native
16、 people and took their land.Two centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry(牧师的职责)was to teach the Catholic(天主教的)reli
17、gion to the natives.In 1821，the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain.California then became part of Mexico.In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico，and after the war won by the USA，Mexico had to give California to the USA.However，there is still a strong Spanish influence in
18、the state.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.西班牙人在18世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的。西班牙士兵最早是在16世纪初期来到南美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，夺去了他们的土地。两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。在首批移民加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。1821年，墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立。加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美国向墨西
19、哥宣战，美国赢得了战争的胜利之后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是，这个州仍然保留着很强的西班牙文化的影响。这就是为什么今天还有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。助读讲解when引导的定语从句，修饰the early 16th century。what引导的是介词of的宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作call的宾语，the United States作宾补。过去分词短语won by the USA作后置定语，修饰the war。RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s，Russian hunters，who had originally gone
20、 to Alaska，began settling in California.Today there are about 25，000 RussianAmericans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848，not long after the AmericanMexican war，gold was discovered in California.The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.The nearest
21、，and therefore the first to arrive，were South Americans and people from the United States.Then adventurers(冒险家)from Europe and Asia soon followed.In fact，few achieved their dream of becoming rich.Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite(尽管)grea
22、t hardship.They settled in the new towns or on farms.By the time California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal(联邦制的)state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.俄罗斯人在19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25 000人。金矿工1848年，在美国同墨西哥战争之后不久，在加利福尼亚发现了金矿
23、。发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人，随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少有人圆了发财梦。有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。到1850年加利福尼亚被选择成为美国第31个联邦州的时候，它早已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。助读讲解in the early 1800s在19世纪初。Alaska n阿拉斯加(州)。settle in定居；安顿；适应。LATER ARRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold R
24、ush Period，it was the building of the rail(铁路)network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.Today，ChineseAmericans live in all parts of California，although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisc
25、o.Other immigrants such as Italians，mainly fishermen but also wine makers，arrived in California in the late 19th century.In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own，which today still keeps up their Danish culture.By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood，Ca
26、lifornia.The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people.Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century，and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there.People from
27、Africa have been living in California since the 1800s，when they moved north from Mexico.However，even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.后来的移民虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天，加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人居住，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)的“唐人街”
28、里。19世纪后期，其他国家的移民，比如意大利人来到加利福尼亚，他们主要是渔民，但也有些是制酒工人。1911年，丹麦移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。20世纪20年代，电影业在加州的好莱坞建立了起来。这个新兴的行业吸引了欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。今天，加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。日本农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的，而从20世纪80年代以来有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居。非洲人从19世纪就在加利福尼亚住下来，他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。然而，更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期间来到加利福尼亚的，当时他们是到船厂和飞机厂工作的。助读讲解which today stil
29、l.是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰a town of their own。when引导定语从句，修饰the 1800s。MOST RECENT ARRIVALSIn more recent decades，California has become home to more people from Asia，including Koreans，Cambodians，Vietnamese and Laotians.Since its beginning in the 1970s，the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakist
30、anis to California.THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world，attracted by the climate and the lifestyle，still immigrate to California.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture
31、 of many races and cultures.最近期的移民在最近的几十年里，加利福尼亚成了更多亚洲人的家，包括朝鲜人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。从20世纪70年代开始发展计算机工业以来，加利福尼亚又吸引了印度人和巴基斯坦人的到来。未来展望世界各地的人，由于受气候条件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在继续迁入加利福尼亚。人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。助读讲解become home to成为的发源地；成为的所在地。过去分词短语attracted by.作原因状语。第一步速读了解文章主题和段落大意.速读P
32、13教材课文，匹配段落大意1Part 1(Para.1) AThe history of settlement in California.2Part 2(Paras.29) BThe future of California.3Part 3(Para.10) CBrief introduction to California.答案13CAB.速读P13教材课文，选择最佳答案Whats the main idea of the passage?AThe lifestyle of California.BThe climate of California.CThe population of C
33、alifornia.DThe brief history of California.答案D第二步细读把控文章关键信息细读P13教材课文，选择最佳答案1Which of the following is NOT true about the Gold Rush?A. Only a few people became rich in the Gold Rush.BMany people died in the Gold Rush.CIt happened during the AmericanMexican war.DSouth Americans were among the first to
34、 arrive to look for gold.2How many kinds of people are mentioned in this text?A4.B5.C6. D7.3Whats the main reason that Chinese immigrants came to California?AFor gold.BFor the building of the railway.CTo open restaurants.DTo live in the Chinatown.4It can be inferred that AEuropean and Jewish people
35、came to make films in Hollywood，CaliforniaBpeople from Mexico came to work in the ship and aircraft industriesCIndians and Pakistanis are good at making computersDthere will be more racial or cultural groups because more people are arriving in California答案14CCBD第三步研读能力升华接轨高考根据P13教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括
36、号内单词的正确形式California is the 1.third (three) largest state in the USA but has the largest population.It has 2.attracted (attract) people from all over the world.No one really knows when the first people arrived in 3.what we now know as California.Now there are more Native Americans 4.living(live) in C
37、alifornia than in any other state.California 5.was ruled (rule) by Spain and there is still 6.a strong Spanish influence in the state.People began 7.settling/to settle (settle) in California when gold was discovered there.But people from Africa have been living there.8.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major 9.racial(race) or cultural groups，but simply a 10.mixture (mix) of many races and cultures.
