1、第二部分 第四讲第四讲 动词和动词短语 一、动词词义辨析 常见形近动词小结:纵观近几年高考试题对动词的考查不难发现,高考题中所给的四个选项常出现词形相似的情况,考生在平时遇到词形相近的动词时应注意归纳。这里总结了一些常见的形似动词:1translate(翻译),transport(运输),transplant(移植),transform(改变,转变);2conserve(保护),preserve(保护,维护),reserve(保留);3 commit(犯 罪),submit(提 交,呈 递),permit(允 许),admit(承认);4imply(暗示),apply(应用),supply(提
2、供),reply(答复);5inspect(检查),expect(期待),respect(尊敬),suspect(怀疑);6resist(抵抗),persist(持续),insist(坚持),assist(帮助),consist(由组成);7rise(上升),arise(出现),raise(提高),arouse(唤醒);8affect(影响),afford(买得起,提供),offer(给予,提供);9succeed(成功),proceed(进行),exceed(超越);10explode(爆炸),explore(考查,探究),export(出口);11require(要求),acquire(获
3、得),inquire(询问),inspire(鼓舞);12contribute(捐献),distribute(分配);13adapt(使适应),adopt(采纳,收养);14consume(消耗),assume(假定)。(2015天津高考 T11)If you have any doubts about your health,youd better _your doctor at once.Aconvince BconsultCavoidDaffectB 解析:句意:你如果对自己的健康有任何疑问,最好马上_你的医生。convince 使信服;consult 请教,咨询;avoid 避免;af
4、fect 影响。有疑问当然是向医生“咨询(consult)”,因此 B 项正确。二、动词短语辨析1break 短语break away from 脱离,背叛;break down 损坏,(化学)分解,(汽车)抛锚,垮掉;break in 闯入,强行进入,插嘴,打断;break into 闯入,打断,突然(笑、唱等)起来;break off 打断,折断;break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发;break up(物理)分解,粉碎,破碎,结束,散开,解散The car broke down just north of Pairs.汽车在巴黎以北的地方抛锚了。2hold 短语hold bac
5、k 隐瞒,阻碍,犹豫,控制(情感);hold out 伸出,坚持,维持;hold up 阻挡,使停顿,支撑得住;hold on 等着,别挂断(电话),坚持住;hold on to 保留,抓住不放Id hold on to that house for the time being;house prices are rising sharply at the moment.我目前要守住那套房子,这段时间房价涨得很快。3bring 短语bring about 引起,导致;bring back 把送回,归还,使回忆起;bring down 使倒下,降低;bring in 引进,挣得;bring ou
6、t 使罢工,阐明,出版;bring up 教育,培养The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的高价格,以保持市场稳定。4make 短语make sense 有意义,讲得通;make it 及时到达,成功;make up 编造,化妆,组成,构成,补齐,凑足,铺床,和好;make up for 补偿,弥补;make up of 由构成;make room for 让地方;make fun of 取笑;m
7、ake use of 利用;make way for 为开路,让路;make up ones mind 打定主意,决定The boy is working harder than ever,hoping to make up for the time he has wasted playing online games.为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来,男孩比之前学习更努力。5come 短语come about 发生,产生;come along 跟随;come across(偶然)遇见(或发现);come off 从离开,脱落;come on 来吧,赶快;come out 出来,(书)出版
8、;come to 共计,达到;come up with 追上,赶上,想出(主意),找出(答案)(全国卷)Would you like to come along with us to the film tonight?今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗?6put 短语put aside 放在一边;put away 收起来放好,储蓄;put back放回原处,拨回,推迟;put down 放下,平定,镇压,记下;put forward 提出(计划、建议等),拨快,提前;put off延期,推迟,使分神;put out 扑灭,生产,公布;put through 接通电话;put up 提出,建造,举起
9、,张贴,公布,留宿,过夜;put up with 容忍He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.他决定当晚直接开车回家,而不住旅馆。7get 短语get across 被理解;get along/on with 进展,与和睦相处;get down 下来,记下;get down to 开始认真干;get off 出发,下车;get over 克服;get through 通过,打通(电话),用完,耗尽(江苏高考)Team leaders must e
10、nsure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.团队领导者必须要确保所有的队员克服他们本能的欲望想要避免犯错误带来的尴尬。8set 短语set about 着手干,开始做;set aside 暂时不考虑,把放到一旁,省出,留出;set off 动身,引爆,引起,激发;set out 开始,动身,陈述,阐明Both sides agreed to set aside the question of independence
11、.双方同意把独立的问题搁置不提。9give 短语give away 泄露,颁发,赠送;give back 归还,使恢复;give in 屈服,呈交;give off 发出,放出(气味、光、热等);give out用尽,耗尽,分发,公布,发表,发出(光、热等);give up放弃He said he wasnt disappointed at the result of the final exam,but the look on his face gave himself away.他说他对期末考试的结果不失望,但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。10take 短语take charge of 负责,掌
12、管;take in 吸收,欺骗,蒙骗,改小,改瘦;take off(飞机)起飞,脱下,休假,迅速流行,(事业)腾飞;take on 呈现,雇用,承担(责任);take over 接管,接任;take the place of 代替;take up 从事,拿起,占据(时间或空间)His life had taken on a new dimension.他的生活呈现出新的面貌。11turn 短语turn away 转身,走开,打发走;turn down 拒绝,调小;turn off 关掉;turn on 打开;turn out 结果,证明是,关掉,生产,制造;turn over 打翻,仔细思量,
13、移交;turn to 求助于,翻到,转到;turn up 调大,出现You look upset.Whats the matter?你看起来很沮丧,怎么了?I had my proposal turned down again.我的提议再次遭到了拒绝。12其他常考的动词短语account for 解释,说明;answer for 对负责,担保,代表的意见;consist of 包括,由组成;contribute to 有助于,导致;figure out 想清楚,弄明白,算出;focus on/upon集中(精神、注意力)于;insist on坚持要求;object to 反对;point ou
14、t 指出;refer to 提到,指的是,查阅;meet with 偶遇;result in 结果是,导致;see to 照看,处理,负责;show off 炫耀;stick to 坚持,不放弃;use up 耗尽,用尽;wear out 耗尽,使筋疲力尽Can you account for your movements on that night?你能解释一下那晚的活动吗?多词动词短语多由三个单词构成,因词数多、构词巧而备受高考命题者的重视。常见的多词动词短语有:动词短语意义动词短语意义keep up with end up with catch up withget rid of loo
15、k up to 赶上get away with做错事而不受处罚以告终get away from脱离赶上date back to追溯至摆脱;消除look back to/on回顾尊敬do harm/good to给带来坏/好处动词短语意义动词短语意义look out for look down uponlook forward to live up to dress oneself in(2016浙江五校联考)As winter gives way to spring,students are looking forward to outdoor activities.冬去春来,学生们正期待着户
16、外活动。警惕do wrong to委屈瞧不起do away with废除期盼do damage to给造成损坏不辜负devote oneself to献身于穿着seat oneself on坐在1(2015湖北高考 T25)There is no doubt that this candidates advantage _his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.Aleaves outBgoes againstClies inDmakes upC 解析:句意:毫无疑问,这个候选人的优势_他用英语和外国人交流的能力。根据题干中的
17、advantage 可知,这是在介绍这个人的优势,所以选择 lies in(在于)。leave out 遗漏;go against 违背;make up 构成。2(2015陕西高考 T25)Peter will _his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.Atake upBput upCadd upDbreak upA 解析:句意:彼得在下个月底将_旅行社负责人的职位。take up 开始从事,占据;put up 张贴,挂起;add up 增加,增添;break up 瓦解,分裂。根据空格后的关键词 h
18、is post as the head of the travel agency 可知,此处表示“开始从事(某种职业)”,故选 A 项 take up。3(2015湖北高考 T26)Dont worry.Im sure your missing glasses will _sooner or later.Astand outBbreak upCget outDturn upD 解析:句意:不要担心。我敢肯定,你丢失的眼镜早晚会_。根据题干中的 Dont worry.和 Im sure 可知,说话者是在劝慰对方并肯定丢失的眼镜会被找到,所以选 turn up(出现)。stand out 突出;b
19、reak up 破裂;get out 出来。4(2015江苏高考 T27)The university started some new language programs to _the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.Aapply toBcater forCappeal toDhunt forB 解析:句意:这所大学为了_国家的“丝绸之路经济带”战略,开设了一些新的语言项目。apply to 申请;cater for迎合,满足;appeal to吸引,呼吁;hunt for寻找。started some new language programs 的目的是
20、“满足(cater for)”the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt 的需求,故选 B 项。三、动词(短语)的熟词生义熟词生义在近几年高考中屡屡出现,有时会给考试带来不小的困难。应对的措施是在日常的学习备考中对于常见的词汇除了掌握其基本意义外,对于其不太常用的词义也要作适当的了解;其次要对一些具有“熟词生义”的词汇作强化记忆处理,以便在应考时做到胸有成竹。1常考动词的熟词生义 add vt.接着说,补充道;address vt.称呼;向发表演说;admit vt.允许进入,容纳;attend vt.照料,照顾;declinevt.谢绝,婉拒;catch vt.
21、理解,明白;count vi.重要;vt.认为;cover vt.走完(一段路),够付(费用),看完(多少页书);drive vt.驱赶;escape vt.被忘记;fail vi.不足,缺乏,(视力、健康)衰退;follow v理解;stand vt.容忍,忍受;hold v容纳;occur v被想到;operate vi.运转,起作用 vt.经营;observe vt.遵守,奉行;present vt.介绍,赠送;promise v使很可能,预示;run vt.竞选,运转,管理;succeed vt.继承,接任;wear v磨损,经磨,耐用2常考动词短语的熟词生义 put up 过夜;tu
22、rn out 出席,在场,到场;turn up 被发现,被找到;work out 以某种方式发展,锻炼;rule out 排除;agree with 适合;make out 开出;stand up 经得起;take on雇用;pay off 有回报,成功,结清工资并解雇(某人);pay for为付出代价;pick up 康复;leave out 不考虑;set aside省出,留出;set off 引起,激起;take off 迅速流行;break down(计划)失败(2014江苏高考单项填空)Dad,I dont think Oliver the right sort of person
23、for the job.爸爸,我认为奥利弗不是做这份工作的合适人选。I see.Ill go right away and pay him off.我明白了。我马上去解雇他。(2014安徽高考 T34)Shakespeares writing is still popular today.It has really _the test of time.AfailedBstoodCtakenDconductedB 解析:句意:莎士比亚的作品当今依旧很受欢迎,它的确经受住了时间的检验。根据前一句“Shakespeares writing is still popular today.”可知,后一句意为“莎士比亚的作品经受住了(stood)时间的检验”。stand 常见熟义:站立,位于;生义:经受住;容忍,忍受。stand the test of time 经受住了时间的检验,故选 B 项。本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放