1、构词法语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察单词后自主感悟chairman主席newspaper报纸hometown 家乡 airport 机场sunrise 日出dislike 不喜欢 incorrect 不正确的unlucky 不走运的 retell 复述telephone 电话reader 读者 inventor 发明家Chinese 中国人 Indian 印度人artist 艺术家 kindness 和蔼operation 手术water 水/浇水 dry 干的/弄干book 书籍/预订 nurse 护士/护理better 更好/改善1.组中的单词是将两个单词合并在一起，形成一个新的单词。这种构
2、词法被称之为合成。2.组中的单词都是在各自的词根前加了不同的前缀，如dis，in，un，re，tele等。3.组中的单词是在各自的词根后加了不同的后缀，如er，or，ess，ian等。4.组中单词的构词法被称之为派生。5.组中的单词所展示的构词法被称之为转化。英语中词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、派生和转化。一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“”连接，有的直接写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。1合成名词构成方式举例名词名词weekend周末headmaster 校长名词动词daybreak 破晓heartbeat 心跳名词动词inghandwriting 书法speedreadi
3、ng 快速阅读动词名词postcard 明信片动词ing名词waitingroom 候车室readingroom 阅览室形容词名词fastfood 快餐highway 公路动词副词growup 成年人名词介词lookeron 旁观者passerby 路人名词介词名词soninlaw 女婿sisterinlaw 嫂子合成名词变复数的注意事项：(1)由“可数名词介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面的名词变复数。fatherinlawfathersinlaw(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。a woman teacherwomen teachersa m
4、an doctormen doctors(3)由“名词名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变中心名词，修饰名词不变。a girlfriendgirlfriends2合成形容词构词方式例词形容词名词edwarmhearted 热心肠的coldblooded 冷血的形容词现在分词goodlooking 好看的easygoing容易相处的形容词过去分词newborn 新生的stateowned 国有的副词现在分词hardworking勤劳的名词现在分词Englishspeaking 说英语的peaceloving 爱好和平的副词过去分词newlybuilt 新建的wellknown 闻名的名词过去分
5、词manmade 人造的heartfelt 由衷的数词名词形容词twelveyearold 十二岁的fivemeterlong 五米长的3.合成副词构词方式例词介词名词underfoot 在脚下beforehand 事先副词名词upstairs 在楼上；downstairs 在楼下副词副词however 无论如何；然而；可是代词副词anywhere 任何地方somehow 不知怎么地代词名词someday(今后)有一天someway 以某种方式副词介词nearby 附近4.合成动词构词方式例词副词动词overthrow推翻；overcome 克服名词动词typewrite打字；sleepwal
6、k 梦游形容词动词broadcast 广播；safeguard 保卫5.合成代词构词方式例词代词宾格selfitself它自身物主代词selfmyself我自己形容词名词anything 任何东西something 某物，某事6.合成介词构词方式例词副词名词inside在里面介词副词within在之内；without 没有副词介词into 进入即时演练1写出黑体单词的词义She stared out of the window，lost in a daydream. 白日梦There is widespread support for the new plan. 广泛的How many ful
7、ltime workers have we got？ 全职的As we all know，the daisy (明亮) opens at sunrise and closes at sunset. sunrise日出；sunset日落二、转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。转化词例词动词名词walk v行走walk n散步swim v游泳swim n游泳名词动词表示物体的book n书book v预订ship n船ship v用船运输表示人体部位的hand n手hand v递交head n头head v朝方向表示一类人的nurse n护士nurse v护理fool n傻子fool
8、v愚弄表示自然现象的rain n雨rain v下雨snow n雪snow v下雪形容词动词dry adj.干的dry v使变干clean adj.干净的clean v把擦干净副词动词out adv.出来out v揭露形容词名词white adj.白色的white n白种人native adj.本地的native n本地人特殊转化must modal v必须must n必须做的事即时演练2写出黑体单词的词性和词义Each apartment can house a family of six. vt.容纳He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.
9、vt.护理The women are cross and bored. adj.愤怒的The train slowed down. vi.减缓I have booked my ticket and bought three books for my sister. 第一个book是动词，预订；第二个book是名词，书三、派生法即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意思，不改变词性；后缀一般改变单词的词性，并不引起词义的变化。1前缀构词法前缀含义例词dis不；否定dissatisfy使不满意；dishonest不诚实的un
10、不unable不能够；unlucky 不幸的做相反动作undress 脱衣服；unload 卸货inimiril不；非inactive不活跃的；incorrect不正确的impolite 没有礼貌的；impossible 不可能的irregular 不规则的；illogical 不合逻辑的non不；非nonexistent 不存在的；nonstop 不停的mis错误的；坏的misunderstand 误解；misfortune 厄运re重复；再rewrite 重写；remarry 再婚；retell 复述en使能够enable 使能够；enrich 使丰富super在上面；超级supersta
11、r 巨星；supermodel 超级模特；supermarket 超市under在之下underground 地下的；underestimate 低估inter相互；之间international 国际的；interact 相互作用pre预先；在之前predict 预告；preview 预习2.后缀构词法后缀含义例词ence/ance构成抽象名词evidence证据；importance 重要性；significance 重要性；dependence 依靠cion/sion/tion/ation动作；状态suspicion 怀疑；explosion 爆炸；repetition 重复；organ
12、ization 组织er/or人或物cooker 炊具；writer 作家；operator 操作员；actor 演员；tractor 拖拉机ism主义socialism 社会主义；capitalism 资本主义ist主义者；家scientist 科学家；dentist 牙医ment行为；结果；状态；性质movement 运动；achievement 成就；government 政府；equipment 设备；development 发展ship关系；身份seamanship 航海术；friendship 友谊；citizenship 公民身份hood身份；性质；时代adulthood 成年；
13、childhood童年；neighbourhood 四邻ty状态；性质honesty 诚实；difficulty 困难；anxiety 焦虑ure结果；行为；状态；实物pleasure 高兴；picture 图画；pressure 压力al动作过程；结果approval 同意；arrival 到达；到达者形容词后缀able/ibleenjoyable愉快的；horrible 可怕的ishfoolish 愚蠢的；childish 孩子气的fulhopeful 有希望的；careful 仔细的lesshopeless 无希望的；useless 无用的lyfriendly 友好的；motherly
14、母亲般的形容词后缀yrainy 下雨的； dusty 布满灰尘的antimportant 重要的；pleasant 愉快的edexcited 感到兴奋的；tired 疲劳的inginteresting 令人感兴趣的副词后缀lyhappily 快乐地；bravely 勇敢地ward/wardsnorthward 朝北；forwards 向前即时演练3用所给单词的正确形式填空It must have been fairly (fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.This development was o
15、nly possible with the introduction (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.However，be careful (care) not to go to extremes.单句语法填空1The boy didnt pass the entrance examination，so his parents were unhappy (happy) about the result.2It is hoped that natural (nature) resources will be found on Ma
16、rs.3He was one of the greatest thinkers(think) and had a great effect on Chinese culture.4On New Years Day，we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted warmly(warm) at each house.5After a long discussion(discuss) with her father，she decided not to take the job.6The Great Wall in China l
17、eft a deep impression(impress) on the people all over the world.7Father looked at the result of his sons examination with satisfaction (satisfy)8It was impolite (polite) of you to ask him the personal question in front of so many people.9Martin was very helpful (help)；we couldnt have finished the wo
18、rk on time without him.10Mr Lee said that the smiles and happiness (happy) of the children gave him great courage every day.写出下列句中画线单词的词性和词义1Take a few deep，slow breaths. adj.缓慢的You must slow down a little or youll make yourself ill. v.放慢2Marys reading a book by Stephen King. n.书Id like to book a ta
19、ble for two for 8 oclock tonight. v.预订3Jenny dropped the plate and it broke into pieces. v.打碎Lily wanted to take a career break in order to have child. n.休息4I didnt need to go to the bank after all Mary lent me the money. v.需要There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow. n.必要5There are many new houses and shops along the street. n.商店I always shop on Saturdays. v.购物
