1、核心单词1.threat n 威胁； (灾难等坏事)发生的可能2switch vi.& vt. 转换，改变3species n. 物种，种4wipe vt. 擦；拭5decrease vi.& vt. 减少n. 减少；减少的量6blame vt. 责怪，指责7wrap vt. 包，裹8relate vi. 相联系，有关联9essay n. 论说文；散文10organic adj. 不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的11institute n. 机构；研究院12billion n. 十亿13opponent n. 反对者；对手，敌手14claim vt. 声称；断言；主张n. 声称； (根据权力而提出
2、的)要求15chemical n. 化学品adj. 化学的16carve vt. 雕，刻.根据语境和汉语提示写出正确单词1They contain a harmful chemical (化学物质) that caused my liver to fail.2It took them more than one billion (十亿) dollars to complete the project.3I tried to comfort him after he was defeated by his opponent (对手)4It is a good essay (论说文) apart
3、from a few slight faults.5Organic (有机的) produce is likely slightly healthier to eat.6Can you put me through to the president office of the institute (机构)?7They claim (声称) to be the party of law and order. 拓展单词1.conservation n保护conserve v保护2destroy vt.破坏；毁掉destruction n破坏；毁掉destroyer n. 破坏者3illegally
4、 adv.非法地，违法地legally adv.合法地legal adj.合法的illegal adj.非法的4hunt vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀hunter n猎人5extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的extinction n灭绝，绝种6incredibly adv.非常地，极端地incredible adj.难以置信的；极好的7urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的urgency n急迫，紧急urge v敦促8unusual adj.异常的；不平常的unusually adv.异常地；不平常地usual adj.往常的9varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的vary v不同vari
5、ous adj.多种多样的variety n种类10annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的annoy v使烦恼；使生气annoyance n烦恼，生气.用所给词的适当形式填空1Your efforts to conserve the environment have led to good conservation.(conserve)2We know from the daily legal report that the former president had something to do with the illegal organization and was put to pri
6、son.(legal)3As far as I know, many species have been extincted, but your foundation can help rescue those species that are at the edge of extinction.(extinct)4It is urgent that I should keep calm in face of urgency. (urge)5There are various goods in the supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to
7、 dollars. The variety attracts many customers.(vary)重点短语1.have a role起某种作用2do one s part 尽自己的职责3die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝4wipe out 彻底毁灭5be to blame 把归咎于6be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁7stressed out 焦虑的8set out 开始做某事，着手进行9be related to . 与有关联10for instance 例如11sum up 概括，总结.选用左栏短语的适当形式填空1I enjoyed, for instance, the chap
8、ter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own.2To sum up, it s worthwhile to rebuild the old bridge.3Bitterly disappointed, he and his companions set out on the return journey.4Hundreds of thousands of people are at risk.5He had discovered that this noble family had died out and was forgotte
9、n.经典句式1.宾语从句that的省略. we need to make everyone know hunting these animals is illegal and that (而且) these amazing animals are part of the world we live in.2倍数表达法They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than (快1,000倍) normal.3without的双重否定Without forests (没有森林), we
10、 would have no air to breathe (无法呼吸), and without clean water (没有干净的水) we would be unable to survive (不能活命)4why (not) do sth表示建议I mean, why wrap (为什么包装) a coconut in plastic? 5独立结构 To be frank (坦率地说), I m addicted to my car.6形容词作状语At the ball, Mathilde is the most elegant and graceful woman there, s
11、miling and happy (笑得很开心).佳句仿写1Advertisements persuade us newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.广告使我们相信产品越新越好，最新的产品会使我们更快乐。2This hospital is three times larger than that one.这家医院比那家医院大三倍。3I d never have got through it all without you.假如没有您，我是绝对渡不过这个难关的。4Why not go and a
12、sk your teacher?为什么不去问你的老师？5Judging from our economic performance in the first quarter of this year，the result is actually better than we expected.从今年第一季度的经济表现来看，结果实际上比我们预期的要好。6Curious about Australian cities, he read the book written by Dr Johnson.出于对澳大利亚城市的好奇，他读了约翰逊博士写的书。即时演练.用所给词的适当形式填空1However,
13、not everyone wishes for change, and destruction (destroy) leads to a new fight, a long way from home. 2Don t miss your chance to get involved in this important conservation (conserve) effort.3The giant panda has become an endangered (endanger) species.4A few days later, Vesuvius was in violent erupt
14、ion (erupt).补全句子1Public awareness campaigns were carried out to raise the people s awareness of environmental protection.为了增强人们对环境保护的意识，发起了公共认识运动。2.The book treats the problems of economic development.该书探讨了一些有关经济发展的问题。3They try their best to decrease desertification.他们尽最大的努力减少沙漠化。4Grass and trees ar
15、e planted on the uppermiddle reaches of the Yangtze River to help improve the local environment.在长江中上游地区植树种草，帮助改善当地的环境。背景阅读找到生活的意义，生活就会改变。Every January for the past 20 years, I would take a few moments to ponder the answer to the big question, “What is the meaning of life？”It s one of those enormous
16、 questions that are so important philosophically and practically in terms of how we live our lives and yet we never stop to really think about the answer. If you might be able to get your response in less than a minute, the wisdomtoeffort rate for this exercise could not be more advantageous. I tend
17、 to ponder such things as the creator of the Wisdom Project, a collection of writings about the wisdom in everyday life experiences.The reason why I ask this question year after year is that my answer changes over time, which I find interesting and meaningful. There is no only correct answer, I beli
18、eve only answers that are right for you at any given time.My favorite answer, though, is the Zenlike circular reasoning attributed to writer Robert Byrne, who put it, “The purpose of life is a life of purpose.”Some people have concluded that life s meaning is subjective. “There is not one big univer
19、sal meaning for all，” author Anas Nin wrote in her diary. “There is only the meaning we each give to our life, an individual meaning, an individual plot, like an individual novel, a book for each person.”Taking a few moments to record your response to the question “What is the meaning of life？” is t
20、he kind of simple exercise that effectively adds meaning to your life.And then I suggest answering it every year. Looking back at how your thinking has evolved and been influenced by experience tells you something more about yourself. Cumulatively, it gets you closer to a deeper selfunderstanding.Wh
21、atever small step you take toward finding the meaning of life is a step toward a more meaningful and longer life.1What have the examples of Robert Byrne and Anas Nin proved?AOur life should be a life of purpose.BThe answer of the two persons is the best one.CEveryone has his or her own answer at any
22、 given time.DLife s meaning is philosophically and practically important.答案：C2What does the author suggest people doing about adding meaning to your life?ATrying asking others about what their opinions are.BUnderstanding yourself more by answering it every year.CLooking back at your life influences
23、your meaning of life.DWriting down their responses to the question and do more exercise.答案：B,1ponder vt.考虑；衡量；反思2philosophically adv.哲学地，贤明地，达观地，沉着地3cumulatively adv. 渐增地，累积地画线句句意：我之所以年复一年地问这个问题，是因为我的答案会随着时间的推移而变化，我觉得这很有趣，也很有意义。分析：本句是一个主从复合句。why引导定语从句，修饰先行词The reason; that引导表语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代my
24、 answer changes over time整句话的内容。时事阅读海平面上升使沿海地区处于气候变化影响的最前沿，但新研究表明，沿海地区也面临其他与气候有关的威胁。1月14日发表在自然通讯(Nature Communications)上的一项研究发现海浪的能量在全球范围内一直在增长，这种增长与海表温度的上升密切相关，并且会导致海平面上升，带来更加剧烈的飓风和其他极端天气，进而威胁到沿海地区人们的生活。这对于人类来说不是一件好事，因此我们必须高度重视这一问题，并采取行之有效的措施。The ocean waves are getting stronger as a result of clim
25、ate change, which might pose dangers for coastal communities in the future, according to a latest study published in the scientific magazine Nature. Researchers found that waves have increased in strength by 0.41 percent per year since 1948, and this change is correlated with the increasing seasurfa
26、ce temperatures. That is driving sea level rise, as oceans warm and expand, and bringing more intense hurricanes and other extreme weather, scientists warn.This relationship is important, as it shows that “global wave power can be a potentially valuable indicator of global warming, similarly to carb
27、on dioxide concentration, the global sea level rise, or the global surface atmospheric temperature，” said director of research at the Environmental Hydraulics Institute at Spain s University of Cantabria, and coauthor of the new study, Inigo J. Losada.While the study reveals a longterm trend of incr
28、easing wave energy, the effects of this increase are particularly apparent during the most energetic storm seasons, as occurred during the winter of 20132014 in the North Atlantic, which affected the west coast of Europe, or the devastating 2017 hurricane season in the Caribbean, which offered a har
29、sh reminder of the destructive power and economic impacts of coastal storms, said the study.Researchers hope the findings could provide a more complete understanding of the dangers faced by coastal communities in the coming decades. “Our results indicate that risk analysis neglecting the changes in
30、wave power and having sea level rise as the only driver may underestimate the consequences of climate change and result in not enough or poor adapt，” said coauthor Fernando J. Mendez, associate professor at the University of Cantabria.The findings may alert governments to better protect populations
31、and infrastructure such as ports and harbors by building coastal defenses.1What s the result of stronger waves?AClimate begins to change.BPeople living near coast face danger.COceans are being polluted.DSea communities must move to other places.答案：B2What should people living near oceans do according
32、 to the study?ABe fit to living with the rising sea level.BSet up some things to protect themselves.CLimit the number of people visiting seashore.DImprove the natural environment near seashore.答案：B1pose v造成2correlate v. 使相互关联3indicator n. 指示，指标4concentration n. 浓度5devastating adj. 毁灭性的6underestimate
33、 v. 低估7alert v. 使意识到；警惕8infrastructure n. 基础设施画线句句意：研究人员希望这些研究结果能让沿海居民更全面地了解在接下来的数十年里所面临的危险。分析：句中的过去分词faced作后置定语，修饰名词dangers，与之构成逻辑上的动宾关系。在通常情况下，单个的过去分词作定语，通常应放在被修饰的名词之前。但是，如果是过去分词短语用作定语，应置于所修饰的名词之后。高考阅读文章介绍了与植物有关的研究，重点介绍了发光植物的相关内容(2020全国卷)The connection between people and plants has long been the s
34、ubject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplan
35、ts.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they re short of wa
36、ter and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“We re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发
37、光) in experiments using some common vegetables.Strano s team found that they could create a faint light for threeandahalf hours.The light, about onethousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start.The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees
38、into selfpowered street lamps.In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a oneoff treatment that would last the plant s lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed t
39、o daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源) such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输)Glowing plants could reduce
40、 this distance and therefore help save energy.1What is the first paragraph mainly about?AA new study of different plants.BA big fall in crime rates.CEmployees from various workplaces.DBenefits from green plants.答案：D2What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?ATo det
41、ect plants lack of water.BTo change compositions of plants.CTo make the life of plants longer.DTo test chemicals in plants.答案：A3What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?AThey will speed up energy production.BThey may transmit electricity to the home.CThey might help reduce energy consu
42、mption.DThey could take the place of power plants.答案：C4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?ACan we grow more glowing plants?BHow do we live with glowing plants?CCould glowing plants replace lamps?DHow are glowing plants made pollutionfree?答案：C,1conduct v.组织；安排；实施；执行2productive adj. 生产的；(尤指)多产的3diverse adj. 不同的；相异的；多种多样的4faint adj. (光、声、味)微弱的，不清楚的画线句句意：这些包括叶面上印有感应器来显示缺水情况的植物，以及能探测地下水中有害化学物质的植物。分析：本句主干为These include plants . and a plant。第一个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 plants，其中包含一个 when 引导的宾语从句；第二个 that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a plant。have sensors printed 为使役动词结构 have sth done，表示“使/让某事被(别人)做”。
