1、Unit3BacktothepastWelcometotheunit&Reading基础知识过关.单词拼写1.Shevolunteeredtoattendtotheworstinjuredsoldierbecausetherewasaserious(短缺)ofnurses.2.Themanagerwasdeeplyconcernedaboutthecompanysfsituation,andhedecidedtocutbackonthedailyexpenses.3.Thereisnoconvincing(证据)thatchildrenwithgoodeducationcansurelyhav
2、ecareerprospects.4.LocatedinthenorthwestofBeijing,theSummerPalaceisbyfarthecitysbest-preserved(皇家的)complex.5.Shortlyafterthetrain(离开),theconductorcomestocollecttickets.选词填空onbehalfof;regardlessof;allowfor;takechargeof1.IamsorryforbeingunabletovisityouthisSaturdayafternoonbecauseIwillbeattendingalect
3、ureaboutgarbageclassificationmyclassatthattime.2.Shearrivesearlyeveryday,readytowork,readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengeswhetherornotshehasdoneanythingsimilar.3.Thebedshouldbefourtosixincheslongerthanitstallestuser,spacetomovearound.4.Teachersmustmotivatestudentstotheirownlearningtheycantdepend
4、onothersallthetime.单句语法填空1.Atlasttheyoungmanhadnochoicebuttoacknowledge(steal)thecomputerfromtheoffice.2.Theplay-well-with-othersqualitymay(strong)schoolyardfriendships,andpromoteinterpersonalskillsinlifeandwork.3.Yetweremain(convince)thatthehardwintercannotstopthearrivalofspringanddarknesscannevers
5、hroudthelightofdawn.4.TheChinesemerchantshiploadedporcelain(瓷器)leftasouthernporttosellitswaresalongtheancienttraderouteknownastheMarineSilkRoad.5.Aswegrowup,wegettoknowmanythingswhichwewouldbe(astonish)toseeaskids.课文语法填空Inthesummerof1405,ZhengHe,oneofChinasgreatestexplorers,setoutonhis1(one)voyage.F
6、rom1405to1433,ZhengHerepresentedtheMingDynastyonsevenvoyages.Hisfleet,2(load)withchina,silk,teaandothertreasuresasgiftsforforeignrulers,visitedmorethan30countriesandregions.ZhengHessevenvoyageshadafar-reachingimpactonChinaanditsneighbours.Hiseffortscontributedtothedevelopmentand3(strengthen)harmonio
7、usrelationswiththecountriesandregionswherehesetfoot,4(expose)foreignerstoChineseculture,andgivingChinesepeopleabetter5(understand)ofoverseaslands.ZhengHesachievementsarenowwidelyacknowledgedandheisconsidered6(be)oneofChinasmostinfluentialexplorers.Columbusinsisted7findingadirectsearoutetotheEastIndi
8、esbysailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean.Despiteallthechallenges,Columbussucceededin8(keep)everyoneoutofdangerwithhisknowledgeandcourage.Finally,thecrewspottedlandinthe9(distant).HisvoyagesmarkedthebeginningoftheAgeofExploration10witnessedmanyimportantgeographicaldiscoveries.Theperiodalsopromotedtheinterna
9、tionalexchangeofideasandcultures.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.能力提升训练.阅读理解AInearlyNovemberof1503,duringChristopherColumbussfourthandfinaltriptoAmerica,hisshipwasseriouslydamagedinastorm.ColumbusandhismenhadtoliveonasmallislandforseveralmonthswhiletheytriedtorepairtheirshipandreturntoSpain.Atfirst,thelocalpeo
10、pleontheislandwereverykindtotheEuropeanvisitors,givingthemallthefoodandclothestheyneededtosurvive.However,asmonthspassed,thelocalpeoplebecamemoreandmoreunhappywiththeirguests,whoweretrickingandstealingfromthem.Finallythelocalsdecidedtostophelping.Withoutfoodoranywaytoleavetheisland,Columbussgroupwas
11、sooninserioustrouble.LuckilyforColumbus,hehadabookaboutthestarsandplanetsonhisship.Itdescribedthemovementsofalltheobjectsinthenightsky.Thebook,writtenbyawell-knownGermanscientist,saidtherewouldbeatotallunareclipse(月全食)ontheeveningofFebruary29,1504andhowlongitwouldlast.Columbusworkedoutthedifferencei
12、ntimebetweenGermanyandNorthAmerica.Hethenhadameetingwiththelocalleadersjustbeforetheeclipsewouldtakeplace.Inthismeeting,Columbustoldthemhisgodwasangrybecausethelocalpeoplewerenolongergivingfood.Sohisgodwouldtakeawaythemoontopunishthem.ThemomentColumbusfinishedtalking,justashehadplanned,themoonbegand
13、isappearing.ThelocalleadersgrewpanickedandquicklyagreedtoprovideColumbuswithfoodandanythingelsehewanted.Butfirst,Columbussgodhadtoreturnthemoon.Columbustoldthemhewouldhavetodiscusstheideawithhisgodonhisship.Knowingthemoonwouldstaycompletelyhiddenforabout48minutes,Columbusreturnedjustbeforethemoonbeg
14、antoreappear.Fromthatdayon,untiltheyfinallyleft,Columbusandhismennolongerhadanytroublegettingthefoodtheyneeded.1.ThelocalpeoplebecameangrybecausetheEuropeans.A.lookedverydifferentB.hadnothingtotradeC.werecheatsandthievesD.wantedtotaketheirland2.WheredidColumbuslearnaboutthetotallunareclipse?A.Fromab
15、ook.B.Fromthemoon.C.Fromhisgroup.D.Fromthelocals.3.WhatdidColumbusdoafterreturningtohisshiponthenightofthemeeting?A.Hediscussedtheproblemwithhisgod.B.Hewaitedforthetotallunareclipsetofinish.C.Hereadaboutthestarsandplanets.D.Hetoldhismenwhathappened.4.WhatcanwelearnabouttheEuropeansfromthepassage?A.T
16、heyallbelievedinGod.B.TheyneverreturnedtoSpain.C.Theyadmiredthelocalpeople.D.Theycausedtheirownproblems.BAvaluablesketch(素描)fromWorldWarhasturnedupinagaragesaleinPerth.Itsasketchofsoldiersplayingsoccerduringanunofficialtruce(停战期)betweenGermanandAlliedsoldiersontheWesternFrontin1914.Theartworkwasdraw
17、nbyanunnamedGermansoldierduringthewarontheWesternFront.TheartworkwasgiventoPrivateJackShelley,aBritishsoldier,whenhewasdefendingthetownofFrelinghien,France.Thesketchisanimportanthistoricaldocument,asitprovidesproofthatthetalesofenemysoldierssocialisingtogetheraretrue.ButforPrivateShelleysdescendants
18、(后代)ithasevengreatervalue,sinceitwashisprizedpossession.JessieShelley,Jacksgreat-granddaughter,hasfondmemoriesoftheoldmansharingstoriesabouthisexperiencesinthewarwhenhecametolivepermanentlyinAustraliain1930.ThefamilylosttrackoftheartworkafterJackspossessionsweremovedduringthesaleofhishousewhenhedied
19、in1984. “Great-grandpahadatobaccotinfilledwithadozenorsobuttonsfromtheuniformsofmenfrombothsides.Hetoldusallthedetailsofeveryoneofthosebuttons.ToGreat-grandpatheyrepresentedrealpeoplehehadknown,someofwhomhadntcomehomefromthewar.HehadatleasttwobuttonsfromGermanuniformsthathetolduswereexchangedbetween
20、themeninvolvedintheChristmasTruce.”OnChristmasDayof1914,thesoldierscameoutoftheirtrenches(战壕)intono-mans-landandsharedfood,drinksandcigarettes.Someevenexchangedsmallgifts.Themenevenplayedfootballgamestogether.Later,thisspiritofcooperationcontinuedinunofficialagreementsbetweenthesidestostopshootingat
21、mealtimesandevenattimeswhensoldierswereworkingintheopen.Thisfascinatingimageofpeacehumanityduringthewarhascontinuedthroughtheyears.Thesketchisasymbolofthepotentialofhumanity,hopeandkindnesstoexisteveninthemostviolentcircumstances.5.Inwhatsituationwasthesketchmade?A.Itwasmadeinagarage.B.Itwasmadeonth
22、efrontline.C.Itwasmadeduringaformalsoccermatch.D.ItwasmadebyasoldierfightinginGermany.6.Whyisthissketchanimportanthistoricaldocument?A.Itexplainsthespecificreasonforthewar.B.ItshowsthewarontheWesternFrontcametoanend.C.Itprovesenemysoldierscouldliveinpeacesometimes.D.Itisevidencethatsoldierscouldadap
23、tquicklytosociety.7.WhatdidPrivateShelleysayaboutthebuttonsinthetobaccotin?A.TheywerefromGermanuniforms.B.Someofthemrepresentedhishonor.C.Someoftheirownersdidntsurvivethewar.D.TheywerecollectedonChristmasDayin1914.8.WhatimpactdidtheChristmasTrucehave?A.Itbroughtaboutmoretruces.B.Itstartedwideinforma
24、tionexchanges.C.Itledtonoagreementbetweenthesides.D.Itresultedinmorecelebrationsbetweenthesides.七选五ThenighttheTitanicsankFromahighplaceontheship,FredFleet,whoworkedontheTitanic,sawtheicebergjustafewhundredmetresaway.Herangthebelltowarnthepeopletostoptheship.1Soonafterthat,onepassenger,MajorPeuchen,n
25、oticedthattheshipwasntstraightinthewater.Butnobodylistenedtohim.2Anothership,theCalifornian,wasabout30kilometresnorthoftheTitanic.WhentheCaliforniansawtheiceberg,itstopped.Italsosentaradiomessagetowarnothershipsinthearea.Atabout11:15pm,theCaliforniansradiooperatorturnedofftheradio,andwenttobed.TheTi
26、tanicsentamessageback,givingitspositionwrongly!3Soonaftermidnight,thecrewoftheCaliforniansawrocketsgoingupintotheskyfromtheTitanic.Theircaptainsaid, “Fireworks!4 ”Theradiowasntturnedonagain,andtheCaliforniandidntmove.At12:25amontheTitanic,peoplebegantogetintothelifeboats.At2:20amonApril15ththeTitani
27、cfinallysank.Anothership,theCarpathia,heardtheTitanicslastcallforhelp.5At4:10am,theCarpathiasawtheTitanicslifeboatsfloatingonthedarkwater,andrescuedthesurvivors.Later,theCalifornianturnedtheradiobackon,andheardthattheTitanichadsunk.A.Theaccidenthappenedatabout11:40pm.B.EveryonewasveryproudoftheTitan
28、ic.C.ThepassengersoftheTitanicarehavingaparty.D.Itwas58milesaway,butitracedtohelptheship.E.Butitwastravellingtoofasttostop,andithittheiceberg.F.Beforetheaccident,theTitanichadreceivedanicewarning.G.Alotofpeoplestayedontheshipinsteadoftryingtoescape.1.2.3.4.5.参考答案与解析基础知识过关.1.shortage2.financial3.proo
29、f4.royal5.departed.1.onbehalfof2.regardlessof3.allowingfor4.takechargeof.1.havingstolen/stealing考查动名词。句意:最后那个年轻人没有选择,只能承认从办公室偷了电脑。acknowledge后接动名词形式,此处steal的动作在acknowledge之前就已经完成,故填动名词的完成式。如果不强调动作的先后顺序,这里也可以直接用动名词stealing。2.strengthen考查动词。句意:这种与他人玩得好的品质可以加强校园友谊,提高生活和工作中的人际交往能力。分析句子可知,此处作谓语,再根据前面的may
30、可知,此处用动词原形,故填strengthen。3.convinced考查形容词。句意:但我们仍然坚信,寒冬阻挡不了春天的到来,黑夜遮蔽不住黎明的光。此处作remain的表语,故填形容词convinced,表示“坚信的”。4.with考查固定搭配。句意:这艘满载瓷器的中国商船离开了南部港口,沿着被称为“海上丝绸之路”的古老贸易路线出售其商品。固定短语“(be)loadedwith”意为“装载,装满”,故填with。5.astonished考查形容词。句意:随着我们的成长,我们会了解很多小时候看到会感觉惊奇的事情。根据句意可知,此处表示“感到惊讶的”,应用以-ed结尾的形容词作表语,故填asto
31、nished。.1.first考查序数词。句意:1405年夏天,中国最伟大的探险家之一郑和动身踏上了他的第一次航行。根据下文的“sevenvoyages”可知,此处指第一次航行,故填first。2.loaded考查过去分词。句意:他的船队满载着瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他珍宝作为礼物送给外国统治者,访问了30多个国家和地区。beloadedwith意为“装满”,此处作Hisfleet的后置定语,相当于whichwasloaded,故填loaded。3.strengthened考查动词时态。句意:他的努力有助于发展,加强了与他踏足的这些国家和地区的和谐关系,让外国人接触中国文化,让中国人更好地了解海外
32、地区。根据第一个and可知此处和contributed并列作谓语,应用一般过去时,故填strengthened。4.exposing考查现在分词。此处expose的逻辑主语是Hisefforts,二者为主动关系,故填exposing。5.understanding考查名词。此处作giving的直接宾语,故填名词understanding。6.tobe考查不定式。句意:郑和的成就现在被广泛承认,他被认为是中国最具影响力的探险家之一。此处考查consider的用法,beconsideredtobe.意为“被认为是”,故填不定式tobe。7.on/upon考查介词。句意:哥伦布坚持通过横渡大西洋寻找
33、通往东印度群岛的直接航线。insiston/upon,意为“坚持”,故填on或upon。8.keeping考查动名词。句意:尽管面临所有挑战,哥伦布凭借他的知识和勇气,成功地让每个人都脱离了危险。succeedindoingsth.成功做成某事,故填keeping。9.distance考查名词。句意:最后,全体船员发现了远处的陆地。inthedistance意为“在远处”,故填distance。10.that/which考查定语从句。句意:他的航行标志着大航海时代的开始,这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。此处引导定语从句,关系词代替先行词theAgeofExploration在从句中作主语,故
34、用that或which。能力提升训练.A语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了哥伦布在登上美洲大陆后,为了让当地人给他们食物和衣服,利用其害怕月全食的心理来骗他们的故事。1.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,asmonthspassed,thelocalpeoplebecamemoreandmoreunhappywiththeirguests,whoweretrickingandstealingfromthem.”可知,当地人对他们的客人越来越不满,因为这些客人总是欺骗他们,偷他们的东西。A、B、D三个选项在文中没有提及。故选C项。2.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Luckilyfo
35、rColumbus,hehadabookaboutthestarsandplanetsonhisship.Itdescribedthemovementsofalltheobjectsinthenightsky.”以及其后的“atotallunareclipse”可知,哥伦布是从书中了解到月全食的。故选A项。3.B推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段内容可知,为了让当地人给他们食物和衣服,哥伦布利用其害怕月全食的心理来骗他们。哥伦布回到船上假装与他的神讨论什么时候让月亮出来,其实哥伦布只是待在船上等待月全食结束,由此可以判断A项不符合文意。C项“他读了有关恒星和行星的书”以及D项“他把发生的事情告诉了
36、他的手下”原文未提及。故选B项。4.D推理判断题。首先A和B选项出现了绝对化的描述,即all和never, 我们从文中找不到这两个选项的依据,所以排除A、B。此外,通读全文后可知欧洲人欺骗了当地人而非崇拜他们,故C项不符合文意。从第二段中的“whoweretrickingandstealingfromthem”可以判断欧洲人欺骗当地人,偷他们的东西,引起当地人的不满,导致了问题。故选D项。B语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。创作于第一次世界大战时期的一幅宝贵的素描证实了敌对双方的战士也有友好相处的时候。这充分证明,即便在极端暴力的情况下也会有人性、希望和友善存在。5.B细节理解题。由第一段中的 “Th
37、eartworkwasdrawnbyanunnamedGermansoldierduringthewarontheWesternFront.”可知,这幅画是战争期间西线的一位不知名的德国士兵画的,由此可判断这幅画是在前线创作的。所以A项“它是在车库里创作的”以及C项“它是在一场正式的足球比赛中创作的”与原文不符。注意 选项D项“这是一个在德国作战的士兵创作的”,当时的作战地是theWesternFront,不是德国。故选B项。6.C推理判断题。由第二段中的 “itprovidesproofthatthetalesofenemysoldierssocialisingtogetheraretrue
38、”可推断,它证明了敌兵有时也能生活在和平之中,因此这幅画的历史意义在于它能够证明双方战士有和平相处的时候。A项“它解释了战争的具体原因”以及D项“这是士兵能很快适应社会的证据”在文章中没有提及。根据文章内容来看,当时的战争并没有结束,这只是一次休战,因此B项“它表明西线的战争结束了”不符合文意。故选C项。7.C细节理解题。由第三段中的 “ToGreat-grandpatheyrepresentedrealpeoplehehadknown,someofwhomhadntcomehomefromthewar.”可知,有些扣子的主人没能在战争中存活下来。由第三段中的 “Great-grandpaha
39、datobaccotinfilledwithadozenorsobuttonsfromtheuniformsofmenfrombothsides.”可知,这些扣子来自双方士兵,因此A项错误。文章没有提及B、D两项的内容。故选C项。8.A推理判断题。由第四段中的 “Later,thisspiritofcooperationcontinuedinunofficialagreementsbetweenthesidestostopshootingatmealtimesandevenattimeswhensoldierswereworkingintheopen.”可知,后来这种合作精神在双方的非正式协议
40、中继续存在,即在吃饭时停止射击,甚至士兵在户外工作时也停止射击。可见,圣诞节休战带来了后续更多的休战。由此也可以判断C项“它导致双方没有达成协议”与文章不符。B项“它开始了广泛的信息交流”以及D项“它导致了双方之间更多的庆祝活动”文章没有提及。故选A项。.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了“泰坦尼克”号沉没之夜发生的事。1.E由上文的 “sawtheicebergjustafewhundredmetresaway”和下文的“theshipwasntstraightinthewater”可知,冰山近在咫尺,虽已被发现,但“泰坦尼克”号还是因速度过快撞上了冰山。故选E项。2.F由下文的 “Ita
41、lsosentaradiomessagetowarnothershipsinthearea.”可知,“泰坦尼克”号在撞击冰山前收到过警告。故选F项。3.A由文中出现的时间节点可知,“泰坦尼克”号于当晚约11点40分撞上了冰山。故选A项。4.C由下文的 “theCaliforniandidntmove”可知,“加利福尼亚”号没有去营救,因为该船船长看到“泰坦尼克”号上燃放的烟火,以为他们正在举办派对。故选C项。5.DD项中的“itracedtohelptheship”与下文的 “theCarpathiasawtheTitanicslifeboats.andrescuedthesurvivors”相呼应。故选D项。
