1、专题二短文改错第一讲研究高考试题，明确备考方向Step1 典题感悟高考名题这样考A(2019全国卷)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it h
2、ardly back to the playground. To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.答案I became in playing foo
3、tball thanks to a small accident. One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it back to the playground. To everyones ， the ball went into the net. All the football on the playg
4、round cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football. From on, I started to play football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.B(2019全国卷)Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I
5、 was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more
6、 better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.答案Since I was a kid, Ive considered different I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so . Then, when I was in the grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher
7、 much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal decided to be a doctor. were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other that I wanted to help people in need.Step2 知识储备抓重破难补短板一、全国卷三年考情
8、分析错误类型卷别及考查点201920182017介词误用全国卷high前加in/at全国卷去掉like全国卷去掉for全国卷for改为with全国卷in the middle on the road, on改为of全国卷bought for，去掉for全国卷I realize of，去掉of名词误用全国卷 player改为players全国卷job改为jobs全国卷 city改为cities全国卷chicken改为chickens全国卷sort改为sorts全国卷mistake改为mistakes全国卷kept repeating the word, word改为words全国卷useful
9、informations, informations改为information时态和语态误用全国卷is改为was全国卷required改为requires全国卷find改为found全国卷are改为were全国卷begin改为begun全国卷my mind goes blank, goes改为went全国卷When summer came, came改为comes全国卷had grown, had改为have；become改为became冠词误用全国卷在football前加a全国卷an改为a全国卷countryside前加the全国卷the改为a全国卷myself改为my/the全国卷how
10、hard first day，hard后加the/my全国卷about a hour，a改为an/one全国卷Around me in picture，in后加this/the形容词误用全国卷interesting改为interested全国卷amazing改为amazed；coolly改为cool全国卷ordinarily改为ordinary全国卷happily改为happy全国卷larger改为large全国卷suddenly改为sudden全国卷interesting改为interested全国卷late改为latest副词误用全国卷hardly改为hard；now改为then全国卷to
11、o改为very/so全国卷here改为there全国卷Immediate改为Immediately全国卷so much nervous that，去掉much全国卷earlier改为early非谓语动词误用全国卷say改为saying全国卷opens改为open；manage改为managing全国卷sell改为selling全国卷watching改为watch全国卷wait改为waiting全国卷turning改为turn连词误用全国卷but改为and全国卷or改为and全国卷but改为and全国卷and改为or全国卷so改为but/yet全国卷beside改为besides全国卷and改为
12、but代词误用全国卷去掉my全国卷They改为There全国卷yourselves改为themselves全国卷us改为me全国卷all改为both/去掉all全国卷your改为my动词误用全国卷have前加to全国卷I后加was全国卷was took，took改为taken从句引导词误用全国卷where改为when全国卷what改为that/which全国卷which前加in或which改为where全国卷where改为when全国卷去掉afraid后的that全国卷that改为which全国卷they改为that/which主谓一致全国卷include改为includes命题特点1.改错以
13、句为单位，每句最多两处错误。2全文通常一处多词、一处漏词和八处错词。有时答案不唯一。3考点多考查词法，其次为句法和行文逻辑。考点涉及一般现在时、第三人称单数、过去时、过去分词、现在分词、被动语态、连接词或关系词的用法及过渡词的使用等。二、解题意识原则表有何规律短文改错10处错误中，设错方式是有规律的，一般情况下，多、缺词23个，错词78个，做完题后，可按此规律进行查验类型总数(10)常考点多、缺词23be的各种形式、介词、冠词、不定式符号、三大从句引导词、代词、副词、固定搭配中的虚词错词78连词、三大从句引导词、动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等三、规范解题原则表怎样修改改动处以最少为原则实词以
14、改变词形为原则虚词以添加或删除为原则以保持句子原意不变为原则短文改错题要求每句最多有两处错误。改动的方法可以是增词、删词或换词，但无论做何种改动，只能是增加一词、减少一词或将一个词改成另一个词在短文改错题中，一般只是改变实词的形式，而不能改变实词的词义，也不能将其改换成另一个实词，更不能随便增删历年的短文改错题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有2至3处。这些需要添、删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词、介词等)，不是实词(如动词、名词等)，否则会改变句子的原意做短文改错题时，一般不应改变句子原意。改错时，应该针对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正，不应更改作者的原意，做到“换词不改意，加词不增意，
15、去词不减意”。如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其最佳者而改之Step3 刷题训练练稳练准练速度A(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I
16、 went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to
17、 return for every two years, but he agreed.答案During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals. Last winter when I went again, they had a big
18、 separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, he agreed.B(2018全国卷)When I was li
19、ttle, Fridays night was our family game night. After supper，we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help
20、my brain. Still I unwilling to play the game for them sometimes. I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.答案When I was little, night was our family game night. After supper，w
21、e would play card games of all in the sitting room. As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the game them sometimes. I didnt realize how righ
22、t my parents until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.专题强化训练(十二).短文改错A(2019白银市会宁县一中期末考试)This summer holiday, I make a trip to Sanya with my parents, which was unforgettable experience for me. In the morning, we got to the
23、 hotel locating in the center of the city. After breakfasts, we began our travel. At first, we took the bus to an aquarium(水族馆). Wandering in it, and of course I saw such many different kinds of fishes that I couldnt believe my eyes. We could also see the show of dolphins. Then we had lunch in a res
24、taurant, which position was near the aquarium. The seafood, which was very famous in China was tastily. After lunch, we went swimming. The sea was blue and the beach was golden. We all enjoyed us in the sea. During this trip, we also went to some places which were interesting and wellknown in Sanya.
25、 All at all, we had a good holiday.答案This summer holiday, I a trip to Sanya with my parents, which was unforgettable experience for me. In the morning, we got to the hotel in the center of the city. After ， we began our travel. At first, we took the bus to an aquarium(水族馆). Wandering in it, of cours
26、e I saw many different kinds of fishes that I couldnt believe my eyes. We could also see the show of dolphins. Then we had lunch in a restaurant, position was near the aquarium. The seafood, which was very famous in China was . After lunch, we went swimming. The sea was blue and the beach was golden
27、. We all enjoyed in the sea. During this trip, we also went to some places which were interesting and wellknown in Sanya. All all, we had a good holiday.B(2019天水市第一中学段考)I was only 10 when we move to Switzerland. I remember that I enjoyed flying across the whole country and I wasnt very happy about l
28、eave my friends. But Dad said itd be good for we all to live in countryside around Bern(伯尔尼). And Uncle Jack, whod been living there for about 20 years, were always telling us how a beautiful city Bern was. He said it would be easily for Dad to get a job in Bern, but we all agreed to move to there.
29、Now weve been here for quite a few year, and we all love it.答案I was only 10 when we to Switzerland. I remember that I enjoyed flying across the whole country and I wasnt very happy leave my friends. But Dad said itd be good for all to live in countryside around Bern(伯尔尼). And Uncle Jack, whod been l
30、iving there for about 20 years, were always telling us a beautiful city Bern was. He said it would be for Dad to get a job in Bern, we all agreed to move there. Now weve been here for quite a few ， and we all love it.语法填空(2019河北省沧州市期末)Mandarin Chinese(普通话) is the mother tongue of over 873 million pe
31、ople, making it the most 1._(wide) spoken first language in the world. Each year more and more students around the world 2._ mother tongue is not Mandarin are studying it with enthusiasm. Lets take Russia 3._ example.The number of Mandarin learners in Russia 4._(grow) hugely from 17,000 to 56,000 in
32、 the past 10 years, for the first time in 2019, over 5._(hundred) of middle school students in Russia will take Mandarin as a subject in the USE (the United State Exam), a national entrance exam that 11th graders must pass 6._ (enter) college.“The idea of teaching a foreign language at school is to
33、7._(broad) students horizons, giving them the ability to get all sorts of information and a chance to be more successful in the future. As 8._ result, those who learn and know Mandarin will surely benefit much from it，”said Ivan Yaschenko, the director of the center of Pedagogical Skills. Internatio
34、nal businesses prefer to hire people who speak more than one language. Students with both 9._(profession) backgrounds and a good command of Mandarin will be more competitive when 10._(apply) for jobs.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了普通话越来越受欢迎，很多人都在学习普通话，有些国家还把普通话作为入学考试科目之一。1解析考查副词。句意：普通话是超过8.73亿人的母语，使其成为世界上最广泛使用的
35、第一语言。设空处所给词修饰动词spoken，修饰动词要用副词，故填widely。答案widely2解析考查定语从句。句意：来自世界各地的学生热情地学习普通话。这是个定语从句，先行词是students，关系词在从句中作定语，只能用whose“谁的”，故填whose。答案whose3解析考查介词。句意：让我们以俄国为例。take. for example“以为例”，是固定用法，故填for。答案for4解析考查时态。根据后面的时间状语in the past 10 years可知，此处要用现在完成时have/has done，the number of修饰名词作主语，谓语用单数形式，因此用has gr
36、own。故填has grown。答案has grown5解析考查数词。句意： 2019年，俄罗斯将有数百多名中学生首次将普通话作为考试科目(国家统一考试)。hundred前没有具体数字，因此此处是表达概数，概数的表达方法是数词使用复数形式，后面往往跟着of。故填hundreds。答案hundreds6解析考查非谓语动词。句意：十一年级学生进入大学必须通过的全国性入学考试。根据句意可知，参加考试是为了能进入大学，此处需要不定式作目的状语，故填to enter。答案to enter7解析考查动词。句意：在学校教授外语的想法是为了开阔学生的视野。根据句意可知，此处是不定式作表语，因此，to后需要用动
37、词原形，所给提示词是形容词，因此用其动词形式。故填broaden。答案broaden8解析考查冠词。as a result“结果”，是固定短语，故填a。答案a9解析考查形容词。根据设空后的名词backgrounds可知，此处需用形容词来修饰名词。故填professional。答案professional10解析考查非谓语动词。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，在状语从句中常常使用省略(当从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含be动词时，省略从句的主语和be动词)，根据主句可知，从句的主语是students，此处应是指学生在申请工作时，用be doing表正在进行，故填applying。答案applyi
38、ng.阅读理解(2019贵州市都匀市第一中学月考)Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives(蜂窝)either recorded or realmay even prevent elephants from damaging farmers crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain tre
39、es with bees living in them. Today, Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy found a wild beehive ins
40、ide a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker i
41、n a tree close to each family.From a distance, Lucy switched on the prerecorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angr
42、y bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy played the sound of a waterfall(瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in o
43、ne place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasnt tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial(最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fi
44、elds to see if elephants are frightened away.语篇解读：一项最新的研究表明大象会害怕蜜蜂，为了让农民利用蜜蜂的声音防止大象破坏庄稼，Lucy做了实验，实验表明大象对于蜜蜂的声音是畏惧的，但是为了更有效的证明它的效果，Lucy还要进一步研究。1We know from the passage that elephants may be frightened of _.Aloud noises Bsome cropsCvideo cameras Dangry bees解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句：Recordings of angry bees ar
45、e enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says.可知大象可能害怕愤怒的蜜蜂的声音。故选D。答案D2As mentioned in the passage, Lucy _.Aworks by herself in AfricaBneeds to test more elephant groupsChas stopped elephants eating cropsDhas got farmers to set up beehives on their farms解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第
46、二句：She hasnt tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers.可知Lucy需要检测更多的大象群，所以选B。答案B3Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?ATo record the sound of bees.BTo make a video of elephants.CTo see if elephants would run away.DTo
47、find out more about the behavior of bees.解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句：Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life.可知Lucy向野生蜂窝扔石头，是想让它们发疯从而记录下蜜蜂的声音，所以选A。答案A4Which of the following is true according to the passag
48、e?AYoung elephants ignore African honeybees.BWaterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.CElephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.DFarmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.解析细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句：In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid cer
49、tain trees with bees living in them.可知大象不会靠近有蜜蜂的树，根据倒数第二段的句子：Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. 可知小象也害怕蜜蜂，根据When Lucy played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were un
50、disturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place.可知是瀑布的声音让大象呆在同样的地方，不是瀑布，而文章也没有说农民不让Lucy在他们的田地做实验。所以选C。答案C.七选五阅读填空(2019广西联合调研考试)Anyone who loves to sing will probably tell you how good it makes them feel. _1_ But there are many different physical, emotional and social benef
51、its associated with singing that you may not realize.Singing improves your memory and cognition(认识). For one thing, there is no question that singing requires you to use your memory in ways that you dont normally use even if you cant always remember all of the lyrics to your favorite songs. _2_ For
52、another thing, singers and musicians typically have higher IQ than nonmusicians. Singing can improve your overall brain function and help you think a little clearer._3_ A joint Yale and Harvard study showed that for some people living in New Haven, Connecticut, choral singing promoted healthy minds
53、and hearts, which increased the length of life.Singing lowers your blood pressure .There have been several case studies that have revealed that singing can decrease blood pressure due to its calming and relaxing effect. _4_Singing brings people together and creates a sense of community. Singing in a
54、 choir or singing in any sort of group environment with other people can be a fun, bonding activity. _5_ Whats more, singing in a chore can decrease depression in many adults.ASinging leads to a longer life.BSinging can cure various diseases.CIt gives you an opportunity to share an experience with a
55、 group of people.DThis is one excellent way to keep your brain remember things well as you age.EAlthough singing is good for your health, it is not good singing loudly in public.FIts no secret that singing can reduce your stress and bring much fun into your day.GPatients are able to calm themselves
56、down and lower blood pressure by singing songs.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了唱歌给人们带来的益处。1解析由“Anyone who loves to sing will probably tell you how good it makes them feel.”可知，任何一个喜欢唱歌的人都会告诉你唱歌让他们感觉有多好。所以本题要说明唱歌对人们公认的益处。故F选项“唱歌可以减轻你的压力，给你的一天带来很多乐趣”符合句意。故F选项正确。答案F2解析由“For one thing, there is no question that singing
57、 requires you to use your memory in ways that you dont normally use even if you cant always remember all of the lyrics to your favorite songs.”可知，首先，毫无疑问，唱歌需要你用你通常不使用的方法来记忆歌词，即使你不能总是记住你最喜欢的歌的所有歌词。所以本题要说明唱歌对于记忆的益处。故D选项“随着年龄的增长，这是保持大脑记忆的好方法”符合句意。故D选项正确。答案D3解析由“A joint Yale and Harvard study showed tha
58、t for some people living in New Haven, Connecticut, choral singing promoted healthy minds and hearts, which increased the length of life.”可知，耶鲁大学和哈佛大学联合进行的一项研究表明，对康涅狄格州纽黑文市的一些人来说，合唱能促进健康的思维和心灵，延长寿命。所以本段主要在说明“唱歌可以延年益寿”，也就是本段的标题所要表述的主要内容。故A选项“唱歌可以延年益寿”符合句意。故A选项正确。答案A4解析由“There have been several case s
59、tudies that have revealed that singing can decrease blood pressure due to its calming and relaxing effect.”可知，有几个案例研究表明，唱歌可以降低血压，因为它具有镇静和放松的作用。所以本题要具体说明唱歌对哪个人群有镇静和降低血压的作用。故G选项“病人可以通过唱歌让自己平静下来，降低血压”符合句意。故G选项正确。答案G5解析由“Singing in a choir or singing in any sort of group environment with other people can be a fun, bonding activity.”可知，在唱诗班唱歌，或是在任何一种集体环境中和其他人一起唱歌，都是一种有趣的、亲密的活动。所以本题要表明唱歌在构建与其他人之间关系时所产生的积极影响。故C选项“它给你一个与一群人分享经验的机会”符合句意。故C选项正确。答案C
