1、定时训练(18)专题特训(任务型阅读)When difficult people express themselves orally，they generally want at least two things：theyve been heard and theyve been understood.As a good communicator should be a good listener，five steps are advocated toward good listening.The first step is cooperating(合作)How does a difficul
2、t person know that youre listening and understanding? In fact，its through the way you look and sound while he is talking.You may help him to fully express his thoughts and feelings.You do this by nodding your head in agreement，making certain sounds of understanding.When the person begins to repeat w
3、hats been said，its a signal of step two：turning back.It means that you repeat some words he is using，sending a clear signal the youre listening carefully and that you think what he is saying is important.Having heard what he has to say，the next step is clarifying.At this point，you start to gather in
4、formation about what is being communicated.Ask same openended questions，which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.The fourth step is to summarize(概括) what youve heard.This allows you to make sure that both you and the difficult person are on the same page.When you do
5、this，two things happen.First，if youve missed something，he can fill in the details(细节)Second，youve shown that youre making an effort to understand completely.This increases possibility of gaining cooperation from him.Having listened carefully，youve now arrived at the point of confirming with the pers
6、on that he feels satisfied that this thoughts have been fully voiced.Ask if he feels understood.Then enough sincere listening，questioning，and remembering are brought together，understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.1._Listen to understandR
7、easonDifficult people hope they have been heard and 2._ when they express themselves 3._Nodding in 4._ and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking5._ what you have heardCollecting information about the persons expressions and find his 6._ Giving a 7._ of what the perso
8、n has saidConfirming that the person gains 8._ from speaking his thoughts9._A difficult person will be easier to 10._ with if understanding is achievedCommentYou may unlock the doors to difficult peoples hearts after you listen and understand答案1.Topic 2.understood3.Suggestions/Tips/Advice4.agreement
9、5.Repeating6.intention7.summary8.satisfaction9.Result10.cooperateThere are many things that we wish to achieve in life.For some，we set goals and objectives，and for some we dont.Try to remember the last time you set a goal to achieve a certain task.Were you able to complete the task in an effective m
10、anner? The tasks which are done by setting and meeting daily goals will definitely be useful and rewarding experiences.A stepbystep approach towards achieving smaller goals is the key to achieving larger ones.When it comes to the workplace，each and every employee is expected to meet daily responsibi
11、lities and expectations.With organizations becoming more and more competitive，the importance of goalsetting for employees is increasing.It helps the employee to perform better and increases his or her efficiency and time management.Its also important for every student to set high academic goals so a
12、s to be able to build a good career.Setting goals for completing the daily schedule helps an employee to finish the assigned tasks and targets in a timely manner.If an employee is performing the way he or she is expected to，then this will automatically increase the performance，output and productivit
13、y of both the employee and the organization.Daily study targets are the same.This helps you complete your assignments within the set time，thus putting less pressure on you during exams and increasing your chances of performing well.How many times you have to be at work on a weekend just to complete
14、your work? How many times you have had to stay up all night to complete your homework or study for your exams? Had you followed your set goals and targets right from the beginning，you would have spent the time relaxing rather than being busy working or studying! Setting up goals and objectives helps
15、 you organize your time and efforts in an efficient manner.In performing your work diligently，you are likely to keep a steady pace when it comes to fulfilling your set targets.Because you are already on track，there will be no unnecessary workload and time limits over your head.Therefore，another bene
16、fit of effective goalsetting is lack of stress and a more calm and relaxed mind.Only a stressfree and calm mind can house progressive and productive thoughts.A calm mind causes positivity，which goes a long way towards increasing your ability to achieve the personal goals you have set for yourself.Ea
17、ch and every human being aims to achieve two things: to fulfill desires and to enjoy life.This is possible only through proper discipline and time management.Goalsetting leads to not only professional growth but also personal growth and development.You are expected to know that every step counts and
18、 that setting up goals is easy，but following them on a consistent basis is difficult.Therefore，if you want to be successful and also harvest the fruits of your hard work，you need to stick to your set goals and be focused towards achieving them.Realize the significant role that goalsetting plays in y
19、our life，make sure that you do all you can to achieve what you want，set your goals，work towards achieving them and celebrate your success！Passage outlineSupporting detailsSignificance of goalsetting in achieving successIn face of competition ，employees with goals can perform better as well as 1._ ef
20、ficiency and time management.Students who want to build a good career should attach 2._ to setting high academic goals.Increase output and performanceBy setting goals ，an employees can increase output and performance instead of 3._ completing his or her tasks.Students can have less pressure and perf
21、orm well with the aid of daily study targets.Help in time managementYou can have your time and efforts 4._ better if you follow your settinggoals from the beginning.Youre likely to have more time for 5._ instead of occupying yourself in working or studying.Reduce 6._ levelsChances are that you can f
22、ulfill your set targets steadily 7._ to lack of pressure. Effective goalsetting is 8._ for you to keep a relaxed mind，which can result in positivity.Every step countsYou should be 9._ that its difficult to follow your goals consistently. Your hard work will 10._ off if you stick to your set goals st
23、ep by step.答案1.increase2.importance3.delaying4.organized5.relaxation6.stress7.due8.beneficial9.aware/conscious10.payFrom the health point of view we are living in a wonderful age.We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases.A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be
24、 cured by modern drugs and surgery.It is almost certain that one day medicines will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases.The expectation of life has increased largely.But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before，every day we witness the unbeliev
25、able slaughter (屠杀) of men，women and children on the roads.Man versus the motorcar! It is a neverending battle which man is losing.Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a ma
26、n is sitting behind a steering wheel(方向盘)，his car becomes the additional part of his personality.There is no doubt that the motorcar often brings out a mans very worst qualities.People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steeringwheel.They swear，they
27、are illmannered and aggressive，willful as twoyearolds and completely selfish.All their hidden anger，disappointments and envies seem to be exposed by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that society only smiles so kindly on the motorist when seeing his behaviors talked about above.Everything i
28、s done for his convenience.Cities are allowed to become almost unsuitable to live because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is damaged by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic，to be conveniently forgotten. It is high
29、 time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life.In regard to driving，the laws of some countries are dishonorably loose and even the strictest are not strict enough.A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate
30、.Here are a few examples of some things that might be done.The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21;
31、all vehicles should be put through inflexible annual tests for safety.Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can destroy a persons driving ability，so present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter.The highest and lowest speed limits should be put on all r
32、oads，as has been done in the USA.All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.These measures may sound unacceptably harsh.But surely nothing should be considered to be too severe if it results in reducing the annual loss of human life.After all，the world is for human beings，not f
33、or motorcars.Title: Strict Traffic Laws Can Prevent AccidentsPresent situation of road accidents.Road accidents seem to happen 1._.We are quietly sitting back and letting road slaughter happen.2._ for so many road accidents.When driving a car，a man tends to become illmannered and behave in an 3._ wa
34、y. .It seems that all the hidden anger，disappointment and envies are 4._ by the act of driving.Society just 5._ various kinds of bad behavior of a motorist.People 6._ the road accident statistics.7._ that should be taken to reduce road accidents.The driving test should be standardized and made much
35、more difficult.All the drivers should take a test every three years.Only people at or 8._ 21 can get a driving license.All vehicles should be given strict annual tests.Drinking and driving laws should be made much stricter.The highest and the lowest speed limits should be put to 9._.No advertising w
36、hich stresses power and performance should be 10._答案1.frequently2.Reasons3.aggressive4.exposed5.tolerate/bear6.ignore/overlook7.Measures8.above/over9.use10.allowed/permittedGoing soy is the way to go greenIn 1829，U.S.farmers grew soybeans (大豆) for the first time.In the late 1800s，lots of farmers beg
37、an to grow soybeans as food for cattle.In 1904，at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama，George Washington Carver began studying the soybean.His discoveries changed the way people thought about the soybean.No longer was it just a crop for cattle; it provided valuable protein and oil.Now soybean oil is th
38、e most popular source for an alternative fuel.Fueling diesel (柴油) engines with vegetable oil started with the inventor Rudolf Diesel.When Diesel showed his engine at the 1900 World Exhibition in Paris，it was running only on peanut oil，a kind of biodiesel.According to the United Soybean Board，biodies
39、el is a fuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats.However，over the next 100 years，diesel fuel was made largely from petroleum (石油)Interest was renewed in biodiesel in the mid1970s when the energy shortage occurred，and gas prices surged upward throughout the United States.In spite of these conditi
40、ons，commercial production did not take place until much later.In 1999，The National Biodiesel Board reported that 500，000 gallons per day were produced.In 2000，production increased to 6.7 million gallons per day.With the continual rising costs of petroleum products in the new century，major corporatio
41、ns and the United States government have looked to new markets.Farmers are encouraged to grow soybeans in their fields，as the demand for soybean fuel increases.They can now get several gallons of fuel per acre of soybean.Biodiesel is created by removing a thick liquid called glycerin from soybean oi
42、l.It is registered with the US Environmental Protection Agency as a pure fuel，which is known as B100，or as a fuel additive，which is called B20，a mixture of 20 percent soy and 80 percent petroleumbased diesel.There are many benefits of soybean fuel.Studies have shown that biodiesel from vegetable oil
43、 reduces petroleum consumption when used in place of petroleum diesel.In addition，the use of biodiesel reduces CO2 in the earths atmosphere.This is due to the fact that growing soybeans consumes nearly four times as much CO2 as the amount of CO2 produced from biodiesel waste gases.If you ever want t
44、o take a ride in a car or bus powered by soybeans，you can.The Agriculture Research Center (ARS ) National Visitor Center bus，which is used for Beltsville，Maryland farm tours，is running on biodiesel fuel.ARS scientists are conducting biodiesel fuel research，and they are trying to find ways to make fu
45、el from vegetable oils，animal fats，and used restaurant oils.Biodiesel fuel costs more than regular diesel fuel.However，the price may drop if people use it more.We can look to the future with the hope that clean fuel sources will continue to be widespread in the United States and even around the worl
46、d.答案1.grown2.changed/turned/made3.invented4.produced5.encouragement6.removed7.diesel8.less9.cheaper10.widelyNo one knows who made the first ice cream.Some people think water ices and milk ices may have been made by the Chinese between three thousand and a thousand years ago.In that time，the dish rea
47、ched India.The Indians，in turn，many have passed on the secret to the Arabs and Persians.Marco Polo，an Italian who traveled widely in the thirteenth century，noted that he found the Chinese had long been making ices out of fruit juices and milk.From the fourteenth century on，ices became popular first
48、in Venice and then throughout Italy.At first ice cream was a luxury奢侈品 in France.Only rich people had the money to buy it.Then ，in 1660，a young man from Sicily，Francisco Procopio，arrived in Paris.He opened a shop that sold ice cream at prices people could afford.Then his ice cream became so popular
49、that other shops were opened.About 1640，King Charles introduced ice cream to England and soon ice cream quickly became popular in England too.Americans now eat more ice cream than any people in the world.But they are not the only ones who are fond of it.Greeks are also fond of ice cream.In the large
50、 cities of Germany there are many small shops that sell only ice cream.Ice cream shops are not as common as in England，although large London stores do have soda fountains.Ice cream sodas first became popular sometime in the 1880s in the United States.In fact they soon became too popular to suit some
51、 of the good people of Evanston，Illinois.They thought it was not proper to drink soda on Sunday.A city law was passed to stop the ice cream soda on Sundays.To keep within the law，it is said that one man served ice cream with syrup糖水.Throughout its long history，ice cream has been a favorite dish，But
52、only in this century has it been made with so many different tastes.People today can select from more than 240 flavors.The 1._ of Ice CreamIn AsiaPerhaps first in China at 2._ a thousand years agoThen 3._ to the Indians，the Arabs and the PersiansIn 4._First popular in Venice and then all 5._ ItalyPo
53、pular in France due to a young man from Sicily，Francisco Procopio who opened a shop selling ice cream affordable to common people6._ in many small shops in the large cities of GermanyNot as many ice cream shops in EnglandIn the 7._Americans eat the largest 8._ of ice cream in the worldIce cream soda
54、 was not allowed to be.9._ on Sundays in Evanston，IllinoisConclusionIce cream is of different tastes and people have more 10._ nowadays答案1.History2.least3.introduced4.Europe5.over/around6.Available7.USA8.amount/quantity9.served10.choicesEqual Opportunities for Quality EducationIt is widely accepted
55、that human resources are playing a very important part in Chinas economic growth.Education，which greatly affects the qualities of human resources，has undergone rapid developments in recent years.Last year，China had more than 2 million graduates from colleges or universities，and another 3.5 million g
56、raduates from vocational schools.Despite the great developments in education，in the era of reform，lawmakers exposes and criticized many problems in the developments of education ，which trouble，if not anger，the public.One of the most glaring problems is that in Chinas vast rural areas，even the most b
57、asic education is not available to some children.And elsewhere，even if they have access，the facilities available for them are still a far cry from those in cities.Official statistics show that at the primary stage，there are a big number of rural students who drop out of school because they do not ha
58、ve the money to pay their tuition fees.At college level，there have been some big increases in tuition fees over the last few years.So，some students from rural areas have also been forced to abandon their dreams.China has a long tradition of valuing education and Chinese parents are willing to save e
59、ach and every penny to support their childrens schooling.But in a nation of more than 1.3 billion people，upholding equal opportunities in the education sector is a discouraging task.The central government is dedicated to quickening the development of the cause，It will cancel rural school fees and of
60、fer the children in povertystricken areas financial support so they can all enjoy the equal education and complete the nineyear compulsory schooling programme.The most important part of the issue lies in the amount of cash put into it.On the other hand，it is more than an issue of fiscal input财政收入.Th
61、e unbalanced distribution of resources between rural and urban schools risks slowing down the future of Chinas vast rural areas，where two thirds of the population live.Education is undoubtedly the longterm lifeline of citizens.Good education promotes more than personal wellbeing or the fulfillment o
62、f individual ambition.As individual ability grows，the nation will become stronger and more prosperous.Equality in education is vital to the sustainability of our nations economic progress.It has a big impact on every citizens quality of life，so the government must do all it can to achieve this goal.
63、An overview of education in ChinaAs Chinas economy grows，education，which has a great 1._ on the qualities of human resources，has experienced great developments.2._ in he development of educationIn 3._ of great developments.，what worries the public is that there are still children in vast rural areas
64、 who have no 4._ to the most basic education and the facilities available are far from 5._ compared with those in cities. Serious consequencesA large number of rural primary school students have to quit school because they cant 6._ their education.With the college tuition fees increasing sharply，rur
65、al students have no 7._ but to give up their dreams.8._ Of solving the problemsTo ensure 9._ in the education for rural students，the central government will cancel rural school fees and provide them with financial support，The distribution of resources between rural and urban schools should be 10._，w
66、hich will surely accelerate the development of vast rural areas.ConclusionEquality in education makes it possible for individual ability to grow，which guarantees our nations economic prosperity.答案1.effect/influence/impact2.Problems3.spite4.access5.enough6.afford7.choice8.Ways9.equality10.balanced/eq
67、ualIn the United States，engineering is a profession that has been dominated historically by men.Even today，its still true that few women become civil or chemical or mechanical engineers，but thats something www.EngineerGirl.org aims to change.Young women who visit the web site can find out about a gr
68、eat career choice they might not have considered.“Women are very much underrepresented in engineering and in engineering education programs and then of course，down the road，in the engineering workforce.So only about 20 percent of engineering undergraduate degrees go to women，and then only about nine
69、 percent of working engineers are women.”Mary Mattis in the National Academy of Engineering，says the EngineerGirl website aims to reach young women around ages 11 through 14，when they are just getting old enough to start thinking about their futures.“We know from the research that middleschool girls
70、 are at a critical point in their lives，and that its a time when we need to reach them，both with an understanding，increasing their awareness of interesting fields in engineering，what a wonderful productive and exciting career you can have as an engineer.But we also need to reach them at that time be
71、cause you have to take certain courses，and you cant start thinking about taking those courses when youre a junior in high school.”Engineering is a demanding course of studythere is a lot of science and mathematics，for many girls and even boys，that can be challenging.But Ms.Mattis says that the Engin
72、eerGirl website stresses that engineering can also be fun and exciting.“Its about designing things.Its about changing the world for people.Its about making a difference.And，in addition，you can make a good living，you can be independent economically by becoming an engineer.All of those things are mess
73、ages that girls need to get.”While most engineers go into traditional fields such as mechanical and electrical engineering，the EngineerGirl site also highlights unusual engineering careers in fields such as sports engineering andbelieve it or notchocolate engineering.“Theres a section called why be
74、an engineer， and that talks about the many opportunities and increasingly different opportunities like with bioengineering and environmental engineering，some fields that might appeal to girls who want to make a difference or have a meaning for their careers beyond earning an income.”Even if you are
75、not a girl in the target age group，theres a lot of interesting information on the site，including biographies of some notable women engineers.TitleWebsite 1._ Girls to learn EngineeringPresent 2._ for the engineering profession in the USAThe majority of men take up the profession throughout 3._，while
76、 only a small number of women work as engineers.4._ of the websiteTo make young women 5._ of interesting fields in engineering and what productivity and 6._ the career of being engineers can bring them.7._ of being engineers* It can be fun and exciting.* It can 8._ the world for people.* You can mak
77、e a good living.* You can gain economic 9._ by becoming an engineerOther fields concerning engineering.Various opportunities are talked about like bioengineering and engineering 10._ to sports，and even chocolate.答案1.Encourages2.situation3.history4.Purpose/Aim/Goal/Intention5.aware6.excitement7.Benefits/Advantages8.change9.independence10.related
