1、主题群四宇宙探索主题语境(一)自然科学研究成果阅读理解A(2020浙江7月卷 C)Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking，planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age，a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gat
2、hered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.Then，for eight years，the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally st
3、imulating(刺激)，demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.And they tended to lose cognitive(认知)function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs.The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants overall health stat
4、us.“This works just like physical exercise，”says Francisca Then，who led the study.“After a long run，you may feel like youre in pain，you may feel tired.But it makes you fit.After a long day at worksure，you will feel tired，but it can help your brain stay healthy.”Its not just corporate jobs，or even pa
5、id work that can help keep your brain fit，Then points out.A waiters job，for example，that requires multitasking，teamwork and decisionmaking could be just as stimulating as any highlevel office work.And “running a family household requires highlevel planning and coordinating(协调)，”she says.“You have to
6、 organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”Of course，our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other environmental influences or genetic factors.Still，continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only hel
7、p.【语篇解读】文章认为有挑战性的工作能够让人更好地保持大脑的活力。1Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?ATo assess their health status.BTo evaluate their work habits.CTo analyze their personality.DTo measure their mental ability.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills”可知，科学家对这些志愿者
8、的测试主要是用来研究和评估他们的记忆力和思考能力，故选D项。2How does Francisca Then explain her findings in Paragraph 4?ABy using an experts words.BBy making a comparison.CBy referring to another study.DBy introducing a concept.B推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“This works just like physical exercise”可知，Francisca Then把它与体育锻炼相比较，故采用的方法是“对比法”，故选B项
9、。3Which of the following is the best title for the text?ARetired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsBOld People Should Take Challenging JobsCYour Tough Job Might Help Keep You SharpDCognitive Function May Decline as You AgeC标题判断题。根据文章全文和第一段中的“Challenging work.might help your brain stay sharp as you age”可
10、知，本文主要说明了有挑战性的工作能更好地让你保持大脑思维敏捷，故选C项。B(2019全国卷D)Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 025 drops of water or juice as a reward.The researchers then tested how
11、 the monkeys combinedor addedthe symbols to get the reward.Heres how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens.On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side
12、two symbols inside a circle were shown.For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8.If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarde
13、d with the sum of the numbers17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined
14、 the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in valuesometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the m
15、onkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分)of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains，”Dr.Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what theyre doing is paying more attention to the big
16、 number than the little one.”【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。文章对研究的经过和结论做了介绍和分析。4What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?AThey fed them.BThey named them.CThey trained them.DThey measured them.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys.The researchers th
17、en tested how.”可知，在对这些猴子进行测试之前，研究者们对它们进行了培训。故C选项正确。5How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?ABy drawing a circle.BBy touching a screen.CBy watching videos.DBy mixing two drinks.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens.If the monkeys touched the left s
18、ide of the screen, they would be rewarded with seven drops.; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with.”可知，当猴子触摸屏幕左边时，它们会得到7滴水或者果汁的奖励；当它们触摸屏幕的另一端(即画着圆圈的部分)时，它们会得到17滴水或果汁的奖励。由此可知，猴子是通过触摸屏幕得到奖励的。B选项正确。6What did Livingstones team find about the monkeys?AThey could perform basic addition.
19、BThey could understand simple words.CThey could memorize numbers easily.DThey could hold their attention for long.A细节理解题。根据第四段“the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination”和第五
20、段中的“When adding two numbers.”可知，猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值，这意味着它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。由此可知，A选项正确：猴子能够进行基本的加法计算。由此亦可以排除C选项。7In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?AEntertainment.BHealth.CEducation.DScience.D推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家Margaret Livingstone领导的一个研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果。这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该
21、文应出现在报纸的“科学”板块。故D选项正确。阅读七选五C(2017北京卷)Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they die within a month. 1 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2 We know that，while awake，fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) con
22、nections between brain cells，but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight，making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 3 Now we hav
23、e the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right，it would explain why，when we miss a n
24、ights sleep，we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new informationour brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be p
25、rotected and stayed the same size. 5 “You keep what matters，”Tononi says.AWe should also try to sleep well the night before.BIts as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.CSimilarly，when people go for a few days without sleeping，they get sick.DThe processes take place to stop our bra
26、ins becoming loaded with memories.EThats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，”says Giulio Tononi，who developed the idea.GTononis team measured the size of these connections，or synapses，in the brains of 12 mice.【语篇解读】本文
27、是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了动物睡眠的原因，提出了两种假设：“帮助巩固新的记忆”和“为明天的全新记忆腾出空间”。其中，后一种假设得到了实验支持，为越来越多的人所认可。1C首句指出每种动物都要睡觉，但原因仍然是个谜。接下来是具体例证，如实验室的老鼠被剥夺了睡眠，一个月内就会死亡，而同样，人类如果连续几天不睡觉，就会生病，故选C项。本设空类型属于细节理解类。2E该段首句提出了第一个假设，睡眠帮助我们巩固新的记忆。与这个论点相呼应的例子是E项，该项中的that指代的就是前面的假设，也就是说，这个假设能够解释为什么学生如果能在学习之后睡觉休息，会在考试中发挥更好。本设空类型属于过渡句类。3F由下段首句
28、中的代词he可知，该空中必然包含一个人名，否则he就失去了所指对象，浏览各选项，可锁定F项和G项，但只有F项能与本段的内容衔接，也就是说，睡眠会帮助清除记忆，为新记忆腾出空间。按照研究人员Tononi的说法，“睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价”。本设空类型属于段落总结类。4G该段首句说“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他的假设是对的”，那接下来应该是具体描述该证据。此外，该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来，只有G项符合语境，指出了研究团队、实验对象及实验内容。本设空类型属于过渡句类。5B由空后的you keep what matters“你记住要紧的事情”可锁定B项“似乎大脑在保存它最重要的记
29、忆”。本设空类型属于过渡句类。.写出所给单词的汉语意思1analytical adj.分析性的2assess v评估3mentally adv.精神上，心智上4retirement n退休5overall adj.&adv.全部6status n地位7household n住户 8coordinate v调节，配合9decline v下降；婉拒10calculation n计算11systematic adj.系统的12fraction n小部分13represent v代表14reinforce v强化15theory n理论，学说16evolve v演化17overnight adv.一夜
30、之间.根据所给汉语写出英文单词1gather v聚集，收集2selective adj.选择的3combine v合并4touch v触碰，感动5circle n圈，圆形6indicate v表明7awake adj.醒着的.根据所给提示写出派生单词1decide v做出决定decision n决定2symbol n符号，象征 symbolic adj.象征性的3value n&vt.价值； 重视valuable adj.贵重的4memory n记忆memorize v记住5describe v描述description n描述6support n&v.支持 supportive adj.支持
31、的7concentrate v集中concentration n浓缩.根据所给汉语写出惯用习语1a_battery_of一系列的2hold_true_ 适用；有效3feel_like 感觉好像；喜欢4go_for选择；想要获得5make_room_for 为腾出空间即时演练单句语法填空1Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to_gather (gather) their own food.2The police commande
32、d him to_describe (describe) what had happened the day before.3Linda and I，representing (represent) our class，will take part in the contest to be held this weekend.4Many donators have rushed into fancy programs without carefully assessing (assess) the relative long term costs and benefits of alterna
33、tive uses of their money.5It was a touching(touch) story that moved many of us to tears.6I dont like you associating with those people.7You should keep a record of your expenses.8She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1Still, continuing to challenge yours
34、elf mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 尽管如此2Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy.模糊不清的3Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.持久的.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1The results held true even after t
35、he scientists accounted for the participants overall health status.译文即使在科学家解释了参与者的总体健康状况之后，这些结论依然成立。2Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.译文猴子似乎善于数字计算。.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sha
36、rp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.分析本句是倒置结构，主句被放置句后，即a study suggests，前面是suggests的宾语从句，从句的主语是challenging work，谓语部分是might help your brain stay sharp，as you age是状语从句。that requires.是定语从句，修饰先行词work，that在从句中做主语。译文发表于神经学上的一项研究结果表明，人在变老时，做些需要大量的分析思维、计划和其他管理技能的挑战性工
37、作有助于保持大脑的敏锐。2Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.分析本句是复合句。主句主语是Researchers，谓语有两个部分，即gathered more than 1 000 retired workers和assessed the
38、volunteers memory.。who were over age 75是定语从句，修饰先行词workers。译文来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1千多名75岁以上的退休工人，通过一系列测试评估了志愿者的记忆力和思维能力。3After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not
39、just memorizing the value of each combination.分析本句是复合句。主句部分为the researchers noted，后面that引导宾语从句，从句中的主谓部分是the monkeys would go for the higher values.。indicating.是状语结构，其中that引导宾语从句。译文经过数百次的测试之后，研究人员发现猴子有超过半数的机率会选择较高数值，这表明它们在做计算，而不只是记住每个组合的数值。4When the team examined the results of the experiment more cl
40、osely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in valuesometimes choosing，for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.分析本句是复合句。句首when引导状语从句，主句部分是they noticed，其后that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中主谓结构是the monkeys tended to underestimate a sum compa
41、red with a single symbol，when the two were close in value是状语从句，破折号后面通过举例解释说明前面的underestimate a sum.译文当研究团队更仔细地检验实验结果时，他们注意到，在两组数值接近时，相较于单个数字符号，猴子更倾向于低估组合的数值比如，有时会选择13，而不选择86的组合。1refer to 指的是；提到；涉及；参考；查阅(1)refer .to .把提交处理refer to .as .把称作(2)reference n提及；参考；查阅in/with reference to 关于refer to a dictio
42、nary 查阅词典refer to the discovery as a major breakthrough 把这个发现称作是一个重大突破with reference to your recent advertisement 关于贵方最近的广告一词多义写出下列句中refer to的含义(2019全国卷)The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.指的是He spoke at the meeting for an hour
43、without referring to his notes.查阅The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.提到能力提升词汇升级普通表达：The discovery was regarded as the most exciting new development in this field by some scientists.高级表达：The discovery was referred_to_as the most exciting new development in this
44、 field by some scientists.2decline n& vi.下降；减少；衰退(1)be in decline 处于下降状态，衰退中on the decline 在下坡路上；在衰退(减少)(2)decline to do sth.拒绝做某事decline by/to 下降了/到a city in decline 一个衰退中的城市decline to answer the question 拒绝回答这个问题has declined to 5 million 已经下降到五百万基础练习单句语法填空The number of tourists to the resort decli
45、ned by 10% last year.She declined to_have(have) lunch with her friend, saying that she wasnt feeling well.As she was getting older, her mental powers were on the decline.能力提升完成句子自从新的交通法规出台以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。The number of people who run the red light has_declined/has_been_on_the _decline since the new traf
46、fic regulations came into effect.3associate vt.联想；联系 n同伴；伙伴(1)associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把和联系在一起be associated with.和有关(2)association n联合；联想；因果关系交往；协会；团体in association with.与合伙/合作business associates生意伙伴an associate editor/professor副主编/副教授an association between passive smoking and cancer被动吸烟与癌症的因果
47、关系基础练习单句语法填空(2019全国卷)Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated_(associate) with making mistakes.We are working in association (associate) with a local company to r
48、aise money for the homeless.能力提升一句多译有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。There are many serious health problems which_are_associated_with_smoking. (定语从句)There are many serious health problems associated_with_smoking.(过云分词短语作定语)4touch n触碰 v触碰，感动(1)get in touch with 与接触，与取得联系lose touch with 与失去联系out of touch with 与不联系(2)t
49、ouching adj.感人的touched adj.被感动的keep in touch with each other by chatting on the WeChat 通过微信聊天互相联系get in touch with each other by telephone 通过电话彼此联系上了be out of touch with various things of the modern world 与现代社会的各种事物都失去了联系名师点津keep/be in touch with和be out of touch with表示状态，可与时间段连用；而get in touch with和l
50、ose touch with表示动作，不能与时间段连用。基础练习单句语法填空I want to explore and get in touch with my inner self.During the war，many people lost touch with their relatives.能力提升一句多译我们十年前才与他取得了联系。We got_in_touch_with_him only ten years ago.(get in touch)We have_been_in_touch_with_him for only ten years.(be in touch)5recor
51、d vt.录音；记录 n纪录；唱片；档案；履历；经历 adj.创纪录的(1)It is recorded that .据记载(2)keep a record of 把记录下来break/set/hold a record 打破/创造/保持纪录on record 记录在案的make a record 录制唱片make a video to record our experiences at school 拍录像记录下我们的在校经历break the world record 打破世界纪录keep a record of my first smile and my first walk记录了我的第
52、一次微笑和第一次走路基础练习单句语法填空Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 above the average.It is recorded (record) that there have been a lot of earthquakes in this area.能力提升词汇升级普通表达：Write down the mistakes you made it will help you avoid making the same ones later.高级表达：Keep_a_reco
53、rd_of the mistakes you made it will help you avoid making the same ones later.(record)6perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行(1)performance n演出；履行；表现put on/give a performance 演出(2)performer n演出者；表演者perform an operation进行手术perform my duty/promise 尽我的责任/履行我的承诺perform a task执行任务perform an important role in our organ
54、ization在我们的组织中发挥着重要的作用perform magic tricks表演魔术perform well in his exam他在考试中考得好基础练习单句语法填空Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being_performed (perform) live is quite another.While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to_perform (perform) his duty.No matt
55、er how frequently performed (perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.(2019江苏卷)The musician along with his band members has given ten performances_(perform) in the last three months.能力提升完成句子/句式升级普通表达：The_performer_performed_very_well (这个表演者表演的很好)on the stage.Her perfo
56、rmance was popular with the audience.高级表达：The_performer_performed_very_well_on_the_stage,_whose_ performance_was_popular_with_the_audience.(非限制性定语从句)Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fre
57、sh memories to form the next day.有一种理论的支持者越来越多，该理论认为，夜间睡眠的形式能使大脑神经元之间的联系减弱，从而给第二天接收的新信息留出空间。句型公式句中so that引导状语从句，so that既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。(1)引导目的状语从句时，意为“以便，为了”，从句中多含有can, could, might等情态动词。(2)引导结果状语从句时，意为“结果是，以致”。(3)so that引导目的状语从句的时候，可以用in order that代替，有时候也可以用so as to或者in order to表达同样的意义。基础练习
58、单句语法填空Many athletes take part in the Olympic Games so that_they can win glory for their homeland.You had better set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.能力提升一句多译科学家们耗尽一生的心血，只为找到这样的一个理论。Scientists devote all their life to their research_in_order_to_find_such_a_
59、theory. (in order to) Scientists devote all their life to their research so_that_they_can_find_such_a_ theory.(so that)夯基固本知识落实.用所给词的正确形式填空1My initial reaction was to_decline(decline) the offer.2In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated(associate) with bad luck.3Luckily，nothi
60、ng valuable(value) was stolen.4She reached down，touching(touch) her toes with opposite hands.5Assessing(assess) insurance risk can never be an exact science.在空白处填入一个适当的词1She was touched by their warm welcome.2She really feels like having a talk with him about his study at school.3If youre ready for
61、it，however，then by all means go for_ it.4We gave a battery of tests to each patient.5It is crowded.Can you make room for the old man?强技提能知识应用.阅读七选五(2019山东聊城二模)Studies have shown that drinking water on an empty stomach can help increase your metabolic(新陈代谢的)rate by 30%. 1 .You know what that means，ri
62、ght？Quicker weight loss！ 2 ，then you will be able to digest food faster and maintain a slim figure despite eating those extra calories. However，this doesnt warrant(使正当)biting down on all that junk food. Furthermore，you will need to add in around four litres of water into your daily routine for best
63、results.Constipation(便秘)is the one of the most painful conditions which also results in remains of poisonous substances inside the body.But do you know that one of the other benefits of drinking water is that it helps to clear out your bowels？The colon(结肠)，which is in part responsible for bowel move
64、ments，requires water to function properly. 3 .Drinking water on an empty stomach，especially when its hot，can improve the health of your nervous system.In the early morning，the stomach is most receptive.At this moment，if you love coffee，which makes the central nervous system excited，your nervous syst
65、em will be affected from the getgo. 4 ，it can properly supply water to your nervous system，which will help it function properly.Again，if you are likely to suffer a migraine attack，then water can help fight it off. 5 .So just by increasing your water intake，you are basically preventing your chances f
66、rom suffering another headache attack.This is especially so when you are drinking water on an empty stomach，as your body doesnt get any liquid when you are asleep.AIf your metabolic rate is higherBIf you just have a glass of warm waterCWhen you skin is properly containing combined water insideDThis
67、means that the rate at which calories are burned increases by nearly one thirdESo just drink a glass of water and sit on your toilet for a clean colonFYour doctor might have already told you that headaches happen due to lack of waterGBesides，we all know that having a healthy appetite is good for ove
68、rall health【语篇解读】本文为说明文。研究表明，空腹喝水可以将新陈代谢率提高30%。1D上句中的“30%”与D项中的“nearly one third”相对应，故答案为D项。句意：研究表明，空腹喝水可以将新陈代谢率提高30%。这意味着热量燃烧率提高了近1/3。2A根据设空处后的逗号可知答案应从A、B、C三项中选择。设空处后句子中的“faster”与A项中的“higher”相对应。句意：如果你的新陈代谢率更高，那么你就能够更快地消化食物，保持苗条身材，尽管你摄入了额外的热量。3E上句中的“colon”与E项中的“colon”属词汇复现现象，故答案为E项。句意：结肠在某种程度上负责肠道运
69、动，它需要水才能正常工作。所以只要喝一杯水，坐在马桶上，就能得到一个干净的结肠。4B根据设空处后的逗号可知答案应从B、C两项中选择。上句中的“if you love coffee”和B项(If you just have a glass of warm water)相对应，故答案为B项。句意：在此刻，如果你爱喝咖啡，这会使中枢神经系统兴奋，你的神经系统会从一开始就受到影响。如果你只喝一杯温水，它可以为你的神经系统提供适量的水，这将有助于神经系统正常工作。5F上句中的“a migraine attack”(偏头疼)与F项中的“headaches”相对应，故答案为F项。句意：另外，如果你可能患有偏
70、头痛，那么水可以帮助你摆脱它。你的医生可能告诉过你，头痛是由于缺水引起的。.语法填空Im not sure 1._ is more frightened，me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly，Im facetoface with the gorilla，who begins screaming at 2._ top of her lungs
71、.That makes her baby scream，and then a 400pound male appears.He screams the 3._ (loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid 4._ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 5._(challenge)My name is Mire
72、ya Mayor.Im a 6._(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 7._ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.No one had seen them for hours，and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find 8._ (they) alive
73、.True to a gorillas unaggressive nature，the huge animal 9._ (mean) me no real harm.He was just saying：“Im king of this forest，and here is your reminder！”Once his message was delivered，he allowed me 10._ (stay) and watch.【语篇解读】我在中非共和国森林里偶遇大猩猩家庭以及由此引发的人猩交流。1who考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的
74、雌猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。2the考查冠词。at the top of “在的顶部”，此处表示“大声地”。3loudest考查副词最高级。根据语境和空后的of all的修饰可知，空处应用副词的最高级。4looking考查非谓语动词。avoid后常接动名词作宾语，故空处填looking。5challenged考查语态。此处表示“我迅速低下头避免和它直视，以便它不会感到受到挑战”，主语he和challenge构成被动关系，故填challenged。6scientist考查名词。根据空前的a可知，空处应填名词，且意为“科学家”，故填sc
75、ientist。7for考查介词。search for意为“寻找”，为固定搭配。 8them考查代词。这里用them指代上文的the gorillas。9meant考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。10to stay考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，为固定用法，故填to stay。 话题写作Step 1.写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子)对于是否发展克隆技术的讨论很激烈，观点如下。There has been a heated discussion about whether cloning technique should
76、be developed.Opinions are as_follows.有些人认为克隆有益于人类。Some think cloning is_beneficial_to human beings.他们认为人们可以依靠这项技术治愈一些疾病。They think people can rely_on_this_technology_to_cure_some_diseases.克隆能帮助已经灭绝的物种复活。Cloning can help bring_extinct_species_back_to_life.其他人不这么认为。他们害怕如果克隆失去控制，会出现许多可怕的问题。Others think
77、 otherwise.They fear_that_if_cloning_got_out_of_control,_many_ terrifying_problems_would_arise.科学家错误地创造出怪物，这也许会毁灭我们的世界。Scientists may create monsters by_mistake，and that may knock_out_our_world.据我所知，克隆并非完美。As_far_as_I_know，cloning is not perfect.我希望能采取措施抵制不当地使用克隆。I wish that measures could be taken
78、to_resist_using_it improperly.Step 2.表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)用非限制性定语从句改写句Scientists_may_create_monsters_by_mistake,_which_may_knock_out_our_world.Step 3.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)There has been a heated discussion about whether cloning technique should be developed.Opinions are as follows.Some think cloning
79、 is beneficial to human beings.For one thing, they think people can rely on this technology to cure some diseases.For another, cloning can help bring extinct species back to life.However, others think otherwise.They fear that if cloning got out of control, many terrifying problems would arise.For ex
80、ample, scientists may create monsters by mistake, which may knock out our world.As far as I know, cloning is not perfect.Therefore, I wish that measures could be taken to resist using it improperly.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。(2019浙江“超级全能生”二模)A new study of mice suggests bacteria may help to cause
81、 anxiety and depression in overweight people.The research raises questions about whether changing organisms living inside our bodies or changes in diet could help treat these conditions.A 2017 study found that onethird of the worlds population is overweight or considered obese.When people become obe
82、se，this changes the processes by which the body uses food to make energy，build tissue and remove waste material.Left untreated，these changes can lead to diabetes.Diabetes is a serious condition.It affects how your body uses blood sugar.Obese people also have higher rates of anxiety and depression th
83、an other individuals.Ronald Kahn studies diabetes at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts.He says researchers have wondered if people suffer from depression because they are obese or because of their metabolism(新陈代谢)“And we asked the question，Maybe the metabolic link is at least partly fueled by
84、the microbiome(微生物组)，”Kahn said.The microbiome is the community of bacteria，fungi and other microorganisms living in your stomach.It changes with your diet.And Kahn said those changes might affect both the body and mind.To test the theory，he and his research team fed mice a highfat diet and studied
85、their behavior as the animals became obese.In one test，they put mice in a box divided into a darkened area on one side and a light area on the other side.They found that the more nervous，anxious mice liked to spend time on the dark side.“And a mouse on a highfat diet will spend more time in the dark
86、 than a mouse on a normal diet.So，they have more sign of anxiety，”Kahn said.The anxiety went away when the mice were given antibiotics(抗生素)The researchers said this suggested that the bacteria were helping make the mice nervous.The researchers then wanted to see if they could produce the same effect
87、 by giving the same bacteria to animals raised in a bacteriafree environment，with no microbes of their own.They found that it did.Microbes from obese mice made the bacteriafree mice anxious.Microbes from obese mice given antibiotics did not._【参考范文】According to a new study by Ronald Kahn，bacteria may
88、 be responsible for overweight peoples anxiety and depression.(要点1)With the attempt to help treat depression in the overweight，researchers assumed that metabolism in the body of the overweight may lead to their depression.(要点2)After a series of tests，researchers proved that bacteria did make mice nervous and antibiotics release their anxiety，as expected.(要点3)
