1、Tu Youyou, the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, has made us all proud. Tu, born in 1930, discovered artemisinin (青蒿素), a drug that has reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria (疟疾). “Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditional Chinese medici
2、ne”. It is of great importance for curing malaria and other infectious diseases and for protecting the health of the world people.Tus winning the prize shows that China has made rapid progress in scientific and technological field and marks a great contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to the
3、 cause of human health.Tu was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China on 30 December, 1930. Tu studied at Beijing Medical University School of Pharmacy, and graduated in 1955. Later Tu was trained for two and a half years in traditional Chinese medicine. Tu worked at the Academy of Chinese Medicine
4、 in Beijing after graduation. She was promoted to a researcher in 1980 only after the Chinese economic reform. In 2011, Tu became the first scientist in China to win Americas Lasker Award (拉斯克奖) for her achievements. Currently she is the Chief Scientist in the Academy.Section_Warming Up & Reading Pr
5、ereading对应学生用书P2JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert， indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neith
6、er its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that pos
7、sibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attac
8、ked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow约翰斯诺(18131858)，英国医生defeat dIfit vt.打败；战胜；使受挫King Cholera1854年爆发于英国的一次严重霍乱expert ekspt adj.熟练的 n专家；行家attend tend vt.照顾；护理；参加Queen Victoria维多利亚女王(18191901)physician fIzIn n医生；内科医师expose Ikspz . to使显露；暴露过去分词短语exposed to cholera作后置定语，修饰people。deadl
9、y dedlI adj.致命的of its day当时；那时。在句中作后置定语。cure kj n治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗every time每次；用作连词，连接时间状语从句。outbreak atbreIk n爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)challenge tlInd n挑战that在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词theories。multiply v繁殖；成倍增加；乘a cloud of一团victim vIktIm n受害者absorb bzb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心absorb . into . 将吸入过去分词affected在句中作定语，意为“受疾病侵袭的”。约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王
10、”第12段译文约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。霍乱是当时最致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。因此，每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。约翰斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。对于霍乱是如何致人死亡的，当时有两种相对合理的看法，斯诺对这两种看法比较感兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，它像一股危险的气体到处飘浮，直到找到受害者为止。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。 疾病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就
11、会死亡。 John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods， he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbre
12、ak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.suspect sspekt vt.认为；怀疑 sspekt n被怀疑者；嫌疑犯hit vt.(厄运、灾难等)突然袭击；侵袭enquiry InkwaIrI n询问as在句中引导时间状语，意为“当时候”。neighbourhood neIbhd n附近；邻近severe sIvI adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的so . that .“如此以至于”be determined to do下定决心做 第3段译文约
13、翰斯诺推测第二种理论是正确的， 但他需要证据。因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱时，约翰斯诺就准备开始他的调查。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，他就开始收集资料。在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心要查明原因。First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the wat
14、er pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40)He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridg
15、e Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the
16、 astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.mark . on .把标在上where引导定语从句，修饰先行词places。clue klu n线索；提示death n死；死亡(人数)；死亡案例pump pmp n泵；抽
17、水机 vt.(用泵)抽(水)Broad Street牛津城的宽街，历史建筑群最密集的街道之一。Cambridge keImbrId Street 剑桥大街foresee fsi vt.(foresaw, foreseen) 预见；预知investigation InvestIgeIn n调查It seemed that .好像blame bleIm vt.责备；谴责 n过失；责备be to blame应受责备；该受责备look into调查；了解pollute plut vt.污染；弄脏handle hndl n柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵so that引导目的状语从句。slow down减缓；
18、缓解germ dm n微生物；细菌 第45段译文首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的确切的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱病因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是16、37、38、40号)。约翰斯诺还发现有些住宅(如宽街上的20号和21号以及剑桥大街上的8号和9号)却无人死亡。他以前没预见到这种情况，所以他要进行更进一步的调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥大街7号的酒馆里工作。酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵里抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。接下来，约翰斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被从伦敦排放的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的百姓拆掉水
19、泵的把手，这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就得到缓解。他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气体传播的。In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street， liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house ever
20、y day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The
21、 water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.supporting adj.有力的；(演员、角色)次要的；配角的supporting evidence有力的证据link lIk vt.& n连接；联系link . to .将和联系或连接起来who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词woman。had it delivered (让人运送它)中it代指上文的water，have为使役动词，过去分词delivere
22、d作宾语补足语。announce nans vt.宣布；通告with certainty“肯定地”，作状语。prevent . (from) doing阻止做be examined为虚拟语气结构，其前省略了should。instruct Instrkt vt.命令；指示；教导instruct sb. to do sth.指导某人做某事 第67段译文在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。她和她的女儿喝了这种水后，都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个额外的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定
23、地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。供水公司得到指示，再也不能让人们接触被污染的水了。最后，“霍乱王”被击败了。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1defeatAto make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness2cure Ba new or difficult task that tests sb.s ability and skill3challenge Cto win aga
24、inst sb.in a war, competition, sports game, etc.4suspect Dto have an idea that something is bad but without having definite proof5blame Eto take in liquid, gas, or another substance from the surface or space around something6absorb Fto make a connection between two or more things or people7link Gto
25、think or say that sb./sth. is responsible for sth.bad8conclusion Hthe part of sth.used to open it; to deal with; to operate or control9expose Ito show sth. that is usually covered or hidden; to make sth. known publicly10handle Jsth. that you decide is true after thinking it carefully; the end of sth
26、.15_610_答案：15CABDG610EFJIHLeadinMatch the pictures with the proper introductions.1_F_ He is considered as one of the greatest scientists in history for his discovery of universal gravitation and the three laws of motion.2_B_ She is a famous Chinese female scientist who won the 2015 Nobel Prize in me
27、dicine on October 5 for her discoveries concerning a novel treatment against malaria (疟疾). This is the first Nobel Prize given to a Chinese scientist for work carried out within China.3_E_ He is a British scientist. He worked in astronomy and put forward a theory about black holes.4_A_ He was a scie
28、ntist who made important contributions to the missile and space programs.He returned to China in 1955 and led the Chinese rocket program, and became known as the “Father of Chinese Rocketry”.WhilereadingFastreadingSkim the text and choose the best answers.1Whats the main idea of the passage?AJohn Sn
29、ow was a wellknown doctor in London.BThe cause of cholera was polluted water.CThe source of all drinking water should be examined.DHow John Snow collected, analyzed data and found the cause of the disease and solved it.答案：D2Find out the main idea (or topic sentence) of each paragraph：Para.1APolluted
30、 water carried the disease.Para.2 B“King Cholera” was defeated at last.Para.3 CJohn Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera.Paras.4 & 5 DHe got interested in two theories explaining the cause of cholera.Para.6 EHe needed evidence to prove the second theory was correct.Para.7 FHe found out
31、that dirty water was the cause of cholera.Para.1 _Para.2 _Para.3 _ Paras.4 & 5 _Para.6 _ Para.7 _答案：Para.1CPara.2DPara.3E Paras.4 & 5FPara.6A Para.7BCarefulreadingRead the text and choose the best answers.1According to John Snows view, _.AQueen Victoria suffered a lot from bad healthBa cure had been
32、 found for cholera before his timeCcholeras cause had to be discovered in order to control itDthousands of terrified people knew what they should do2Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in?AA cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.BPeople absorbed chole
33、ra into their bodies with their meals.CPeople got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.DPeople suffered from cholera because they were not clean.3After he made further investigations, John Snow found _.Acholera multiplied in the airBpeople absorbed this disease into their bodies with the
34、ir mealsCthe water from the polluted river was to blameDflies spread the disease4How did he find out the cause of the disease?ABy living in the area where cholera broke out.BBy marking a map where all the dead people had lived.CBy telling the terrified people how to prevent it.DBy saving the dying p
35、eople suffering from cholera.5How was “King Cholera” defeated?ABy not polluting the river again.BBy eating healthy diets.CBy delivering the water from other rivers.DBy stopping drinking the polluted water.答案：15CBCBDStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1But he became insp
36、ired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.句式分析尝试翻译但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。2First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.句式分析where引导定语从句，修饰先行词places, on a map为地点状语前置，原因是marked的宾语“the exact places . had lived”太长，为了结构紧凑，故放在了地点状语的后面。尝
37、试翻译首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的确切的地方。3A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.句式分析尝试翻译有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。4To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all th
38、e water supplies be examined.句式分析逗号前面的不定式短语作目的状语。suggested 后接宾语从句the source of all the water supplies be examined。尝试翻译为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。.阅读理解AElizabeth Blackwell was born on February 3, 1821 in England.While she was growing up, two of her brothers and six of her sisters died. Elizabeth d
39、ecided to become a doctor.Her father was a sugar businessman. He encouraged equality (平等) between boys and girls so, unlike most girls, Elizabeth had the same education as boys.One night, when Elizabeth was eleven, a fire destroyed her familys business. The family became so poor that Mr. Blackwell d
40、ecided to go to America. When the family reached New York, Mr. Blackwell tried to start a new business, but failed. In 1837, he died.After being refused several times by medical schools, Elizabeth was finally accepted by Geneva Medical College in New York, largely as a joke. People there, even women
41、, thought she was indecent (下流的) and asked her to leave. But with great determination, Elizabeth graduated with high honors. After graduation, Elizabeth went to Paris to learn more about medicine. Elizabeth returned to America in 1851. There she helped other women become doctors and opened a medicin
42、e store. Then, she begged her rich friends to give money to build a hospital.Elizabeths dream came true in 1857 when the New York Infirmary For Women and Children opened its doors. It was the first true hospital for women, run by women doctors in the world. In 1868, the hospital opened a medical col
43、lege for women. After that, Elizabeth received a letter from Europe asking her to come to her homeland and do for the women of Europe what she had done in America. She returned to England in 1869. There she served for forty years, which made her a hero.1What made Elizabeth want to be a doctor?AHer p
44、oor family.BHer fathers advice.CHer family members early death.DThe inequality between girls and boys.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，Elizabeth年幼时她的兄弟姐妹相继死亡，这让她产生了当医生的想法。2Why did Elizabeths family move to America?ATo sell more sugar.BTo look for chances to live.CTo open a hospital for women.DTo help Elizabe
45、th study medicine.解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知，Elizabeth一家搬到美国是为了寻找生存的机会。3It can be inferred from Para. 4 that in America_.Ahardly any women studied medicineBstudying medicine was considered decentCwomen were not allowed to receive educationDwomen and children suffered a lot from poor health解析：选A推理判断题。文章
46、第四段讲到Elizabeth一开始遭到很多家医学院的拒绝，在她被纽约的一家医学院录取后，当地的人们甚至是妇女都认为她学医很下流，都斥责她让她离开，由此可知当时几乎没有女性学医，因为在人们看来女性学医是一件下流的事情。4Which is the right order of the following events about Elizabeth?aShe opened the first hospital for women.bShe opened a medicine store in America.cHer family moved to New York.dShe graduated
47、from a medical school.eShe returned to England to serve.fHer familys business was destroyed.gShe went to Paris to study medicine.Acfdgbae BfcdgbaeCfcgdbae Dfcgdbea解析：选B事件排序题。根据文章内容可知所列事件的正确顺序是：Elizabeth家的生意因火灾而破产她全家搬到纽约谋生她从医学院毕业她到巴黎进修她在美国开了一家药店她开了第一家妇幼医院她返回家乡做贡献。BAlbert Einstein was probably the mos
48、t famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He was generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. Whats more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.In 1933, while Einstein was visiting Eng
49、d the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1934, Einstein, who loved peace afraid of a world in which only Hitler would have an atomic bomb (原子弹) tried hard to persuade
50、President Franklin DRoosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium (铀) research. That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of s
51、oldiers in the world.Although he wasnt connected with any accepted religion (宗教), Einstein felt that trusting in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was o
52、ne of pure law and order. He once said, “God may know everything, but he is not hateful.”5From the passage we know that _.Ano scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this centuryBAlbert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his timeCAlbert Einstein made the first atomic bomb fo
53、r the United StatesDAlbert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons解析：选B细节理解题。从第一段的第一句“Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century.”可知答案为B。6If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan
54、, he would _.Ahave continued his scientific researchBhave won another Nobel Prize for PhysicsCnot have advised starting uranium research in the USADnot have moved to the USA解析：选C推理判断题。从第二段中的“That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expect
55、ed.”和文章中提到的爱因斯坦是热爱和平、反对战争的可推知，如果能料到的话，他就不会建议美国进行铀的研究了。故选C。7Einstein believed that everything in the universe _.Awas kept in order by its own lawBhad nothing to do with each otherChappened in an irregular wayDwas made by the personal God解析：选A细节理解题。从最后一段的“but he never believed that the universe was on
56、e of chance or disorder”和“The universe to him was one of pure law and order.”可得出答案为A。CSir John Gurdon, a British scientist, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, said he had predicted at the time of his frog experiments that the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within
57、 50 years, and that “maybe the same answer is appropriate” for the step to human cloning. Parents who lose children in accidents may be able to clone “copies” to replace them then.Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moral issues, the biologist claimed people would soon
58、overcome their concerns if the technique became medically useful. Cloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth of Louise Brown, the first “testtube baby”. He said, “When my first frog experiments were done, an American reporter asked
59、 how long it would be before these things could be done in mammals or humans. I said, Well, it could be anytime between 10 years and 100 years how about 50 years？ It turned out that it wasnt far off the mark as far as Dolly was concerned. Maybe the same answer is appropriate.” Sir John added that cl
60、oning a human being effectively means making an identical twin, and doctors would therefore simply be “copying what nature has already produced”The average vote on allowing parents of deceased children, who are no longer fertile (能生育的), to create another by using the mothers eggs and skin cells from
61、 the first child, thinking the technique was safe and effective, is 60 percent in favor. The reasons for “no” are usually that the new children would feel they are some sort of replacements for something.语篇解读：诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约翰格登爵士称，那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术，让他们的子女得到“重生”。8Sir John predicted the
62、 human cloning would be a reality in _ at most.Aabout 100 yearsBabout 60 yearsCabout 50 years Dabout 10 years解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，格登爵士表示，在未来50年内，那些在事故中失去孩子的父母将有可能通过克隆技术得到孩子的“复制品”。故选C项。9The underlined word “identical” probably means “_”Asame BspecialCnew Dclear解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“twin”和文中的“doctors wou
63、ld therefore simply be copying what nature has already produced”可知，A项正确。10It can be inferred from the passage that _.Amost people cast doubt on Johns experimentsBhuman cloning is and will be only a dreamCfew children love to be cloned in the futureDhuman cloning may be realized someday解析：选D推理判断题。根据文
64、章第二段的第一句可知，虽然克隆人类的尝试将引起复杂的道德问题，但是生物学家声称如果克隆技术变得有医学价值，人们很快就会消除他们的担心，因此可推断D项正确。.阅读七选五Scientists used to explore on the surface of ocean._1_They want to know about ocean water and the plant and animal life deep in the ocean.In 1934 the scientist William Beebe dived 3 000 feet below the surface in a hol
65、low steel ball. In 1935 August Piccard dived 10 330 feet. _2_All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long. They had to come back up to the surface after a few seconds. Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below surface._3_ Cousteau, a Frenchman, wa
66、s able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 900 feet for a week._4_ With this new equipment, men can stay below the surface for days or even weeks. In 1962 Cousteau set up a research station 35 feet below the surface. Then in 1964 he set up another station on the oc
67、ean floor of the Red Sea. This was the first undersea station to operate without help from the surface.Many countries are now studying undersea living. The former Soviet Union has an undersea laboratory in the Crimean Sea. The United States has a laboratory 50 feet down on the ocean floor off the Vi
68、rgin Islands. In 1970 five men lived there for two weeks. Then a team of five women scientists stayed in the laboratory. _5_ All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources. Scientists hope to find enough material, vegetable, and animal wealth there to provi
69、de food for the entire world. AGradually they succeeded.BNext came other teams of men.CNow they are exploring below the surface, too.DThe resources under the sea are unbelievably useful.EIn 1960 his son Jean dived to a depth of 35 800 feet.FIn the near future we humans can possibly live under the se
70、a.GNow scientists are developing even better equipment.1选C根据上一句“Scientists used to explore on the surface of ocean.”和下一句可知，C项“现在他们也在探索海底世界”承上启下，指科学家过去常常在海平面上探索，现在他们也开始探索海平面以下，想要了解深海之处的动植物。故选C。2选E空格前两句列举了在海底进行探索的科学家和他们的潜入深度及探索时间。E项与前两句是并列关系。故选E。3选A上文描述了科学家一开始只能在海底待几秒钟，为了研究海底生物，他们需要在海底多待一些时间；再根据下文列举的例子“was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month .”可知，这些科学家逐渐成功了，他们在海底待的时间越来越长了。故选A。4选G根据下一句中的“With this new equipment”可知，G项中“developing even better equipment”与之相呼应。故选G。5选B根据上文中的“In 1970 five men”“Then a team of five women scientists”可知，B项中的“Next”与上文是时间上的递进关系，符合语境。故选B。
