1、第五讲科学答题，规避易错，完美收官Step 1 典题感悟高考名题这样考A(2016全国卷)It can set up a warm conversation between two people far apart; it can keep a _22_ with very little effort. And with that one letter we became friends again.22A.record Bpromise Afriendship Dsecret解析由下文的became friends(成为朋友)可知，写信可以毫不费力地保持友谊(friendship)，故选C。
2、friend和friendship是同源词复现。答案CB(2016全国卷)Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Ranis _59_ her warm smile, her nods, her Im for you 60.attitudewere all silent signals that didnt travel through wires. 59A.forgiveness Beagerness Cfriendliness Dskillfulness 解析本题可以利用上下义词复现解
3、题。根据下文“她温暖的微笑，她的点头，她的我在这里为你我服务的态度”等表明瑞妮很友好(friendliness)，故选C。其中smile，nod等是下义词(具体行为)，friendliness 是上义词(概括)。答案CStep 2 规避易错， 确保题题能过关高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有23道这样的较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目错选的原因主要有以下几点：解题信息比较隐含；干扰项迷惑性较强；情感态度较难把握；惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的5大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时
4、不要急于求成，要三思而判。易错点1因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。典例1(2018全国卷)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thi
5、nking Chess, for three credits. I 41.jumped_at the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to 42.save a few dollars？.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48.job was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 4
6、9.clear that our credits would be hardearned. In order to 50.pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51.apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52.eventually,_to our lives. I managed to get an A in that _53_ and learned life lessons t
7、hat have served me well beyond the 54.classroom.53A.game BpresentationCcourse Dexperiment解析本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。第一段“was offering afree course”中的course是第53空的原词复现，故选C项。答案C典例2(2017全国卷)In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids _41_ “The T
8、hinking Laboratory”. That was the 42.name students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43.dull.41A.build Bentered Cdecorated Dran 解析本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文可知 “The Thinking Laboratory” 事实上是教室104的名字，27名学生每天应该是进入这个教室学习，所以用entered。答案B易错点2因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近
9、，无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。典例1(2018天津卷)I started doing anything I could to help them build a little 25.pride. Most important, I began to treat them like 26.winners. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their 27.vacations,_we met every day and 28.practiced passing and kicking the fo
10、otball.From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 33.affect the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and 34.encouraged them. I helped them to see themselves _35_， and they built themselves into winners.35A.honestly BindividuallyCcalmly Dd
11、ifferently解析四个备选项在形式上非常相似，它们都是副词，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。联系上句中的“Instead of seeing my boys as losers”以及上文的“treat them like 26.winners”可知，此处是指“我帮他们用不同的方式(differently)看待自己”。honestly“老实地，诚实地”；individually“个人地”；calmly“平静地”。答案D典例2(2017江苏卷)For a long time Gabriel didnt want to be involved in music at all. In his fir
12、st years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students, _36_ across the campus with their heavy instrument cases.36A.travelling BmarchingCpacing Dstruggling解析四个备选项在含义上比较相近，考生很容易因分不清它们的含义而失分。由空前的“look pityingly at the music students”以及空后的“heavy instrument cases”可知，Gabriel同情地看着那些背
13、着重重的乐器箱子、艰难地穿过校园的音乐生，故struggle“艰难地行进”，符合语境。travel“长途行走，旅行”；march“齐步走，行进”；pace“来回踱步，走来走去”。答案D易错点3因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选在最近几年的高考完形填空中，一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。典例1(2018全国卷)Much to the familys surprise, Dennis stuck to h
14、is 52.promise! He turned up at the hospital _53_ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindseys husband was totally 54.astonished by the unexpected visit. “I dont think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55.appreciate it and the gifts.”53A.bearing BcollectingCopening Dmaking
15、解析本文描述一个叫特蕾莎的老妇人沉浸在为人祖母的喜悦当中，她把小宝贝的照片发给了陌生人丹尼斯，但是丹尼斯却回复短信说他会去医院看望小孩，并与小孩合影。本段主要描述特蕾莎一家没有想到丹尼斯真的来到医院，还带来了礼物，她们非常感动。bear是一个多义词，用作动词，最常见的意思为“承受，忍受”，除此之外还有“承担(责任)；支撑，承受(重量)；显示；带有；携带；生(孩子)；开(花)；结(果实)”等。根据语境，在此意为“携带”。答案A典例2(2018浙江卷)One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was 47.making a lot of mon
16、ey running a sideline(副业). Since his regular job was 48.boring,_I asked him why he just didnt do his sideline fulltime. He said without the job, he would _49_ have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he 51.quit the job, he would lose his 52.drive to work an
17、d succeed.49A.luckily BhardlyChopefully Dsimply解析根据句意可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是：简单地，简朴地。答案D易错点4因词汇理解障碍而错选在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须引起重视，背熟记熟。典例1(2017全国卷)The following term, I _56_ an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any
18、talking was _57_. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58.Instead,_if there had been any talking, it would have 59.caused us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60.new way of communication it opens.56A.missed BpassedCgave up Dregistered for57A.prohibited BwelcomedCig
19、nored Drepeated解析后文的语境中介绍了ASL课堂上教授的情况(教授是个失聪的人)以及在课堂上作者的感悟，由此可判断作者在下学期报名参加了这门课程。故第56题应选择D项，register for表示“登记，报名参加(课程)”。文中两次出现的“silence”以及“if there had been any talking, it would have 59.caused us to learn less”都表明，在手语课上任何谈话都是被禁止的，故第57题选择A项，prohibit表示“禁止”。此部分选项中的register for和prohibit都是考生相对陌生的考纲词汇，所以一
20、些考生会因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。答案56.D57.A典例2(2017全国卷)A Toronto man is offering a free roundtheworld air ticket to the right woman. But _41_ apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42.passport.41A.benefits BdepositsCrestrictions Dexaminations解析该选段是文章第一段。空后介绍这位能够获得免费环游世界机票的女士
21、的名字必须是Elizabeth Gallagher，而且必须持有加拿大护照。这些都是限制条件故选择C项，restriction表示“限制规定”。restriction也在考纲之内，许多考生却因不熟悉这个词汇而造成误选。benefit“优势，好处”；deposit“订金，押金”；examination“检查，考试”。答案C易错点5因惯性思维而错选在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响有些
22、考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth.来表达。(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。典例1(2017北京卷)One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mot
23、her in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man _36_ out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.36A.jumping BeatingCcrying Dwaving解析受思维习惯的影响，考生易误选A项，因为jump out of是常见搭配。但根据下文的“the man was homeless and hungry”可知，她们看见一个人在垃圾桶里捡东西吃。故选B。答案
24、B典例2(2016北京卷)_41_ January 26, Billy and three other children had died.41A.From BOnCBy DAfter解析受思维习惯的影响，考生可能会根据“在具体的某一天前用介词on”而误选B项。因为句子的谓语使用的是过去完成时，因此应用by。“by时间”与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间时，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间时，用将来完成时。句意：截至1月26日，Billy和其他三个孩子都去世了。答案CStep 3 刷题训练练稳练准练速度(2019吉林“五校六地”合作期末)A storm was coming, but Alex was t
25、oo busy fixing her leg bandage to notice it. She said to herself, “Great. I _1_ myself the week before Cross Country Running tryouts(锦标赛). I am so _2_. Why did I think running through the forest would be a good idea in the first place？”After _3_， Alex went to the kitchen and poured herself some lemo
26、nade. She opened the door to her _4_ and sat down outside. “Every year, I work so hard and yet, I always _5_，”Alex said. “This year, I was one spot away from Varsity(校队). The previous _6_， I handed in my medical forms late.”Suddenly there was a flash of _7_. Sounds like its going to be a thunderstor
27、m, Alex thought and _8_ to head inside. She tried to _9_ the door, only to find that she had locked herself out. _10_， Alex shook the door handle _11_ back and forth. As she took a quick step backwards, she lost her _12_ and fell down. “Why me？”she yelled. “Why did this all happen to me？”Once Alex _
28、13_ to pull herself up, she sat silently on the staircase. As rapidly as the rain poured from the sky, so did the _14_ stream down Alexs face. Alone and wet, Alex cried until all the _15_ and wetness of the day washed away. Finally, when she _16_ crying, she looked up at a suddenly _17_ image of her
29、 backyard. The air felt light and the sun shone through the clouds. _18_ her leg still felt stiff, Alex tore off the _19_ and stood up. “I will take part in the Cross Country this year and I will make Varsity，”Alex _20_ with a breath of inspiration, “Nothing will stop me.”语篇解读：这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了亚历克斯在越野赛
30、跑选拔赛前一周受伤，心里非常苦闷。碰巧她又在一场暴风雨中把自己锁在了门外，不禁痛哭起来。暴风雨过后，看着明亮的后院，亚历克斯的心情也好了起来，并决定重振旗鼓。1A.teased BinjuredCenjoyed Dassisted解析考查动词。根据本段开头的“bandage(绷带)”可推测，亚历克斯受伤了。A.teased“取笑”；B.injured“受伤”；C.enjoyed“享受”；D.assisted“协助”，故选B。答案B2A.stupid BweakCsmall Dlazy解析考查形容词。根据下一句Why did I think running through the forest
31、would be a good idea in the first place？”可知，亚历克斯很后悔在森林里跑步，认为自己太傻了。A.stupid“傻的”；B.weak“虚弱的”；C.small“小的”；D.lazy“懒惰的”，故选A。答案A3A.resting BtremblingCapologizing Dcomplaining解析考查动词。根据I am so _2_. Why did I think running through the forest would be a good idea in the first place？”可知亚历克斯在抱怨。A.resting“休息”；B.
32、trembling“发抖”；C.apologizing“道歉”；D.complaining“抱怨”，故选D。答案D4A.bedroom BgardenCbasement Dbackyard解析考查名词。根据下文she looked up at a suddenly _17_ image of her backyard.可知意思是她打开后院的门，在外面坐了下来。A.bedroom“卧室”；B.garden“花园”；C.basement“地下室”；D.backyard“后院”，故选D。答案D5A.regret BstrengthenCfail Descape解析考查动词。根据本空前的“yet”和本
33、空后的“I was one spot away from Varsity(校队). The previous _6_， I handed in my medical forms late”可知，虽然亚历克斯努力训练，但却总是失败。A.regret“后悔”；B.strengthen“加强”；C.fail“失败”；D.escape“逃跑”，故选C。答案C6A.year BmonthCweek Dday解析考查名词。根据本段中的“Every year”“This year”可知这里指前一年。A.year“年”；B.month“月”；C.week“星期”；D.day“天”，故选A。答案A7A.insp
34、iration BlightningCwhite Dloneliness解析考查名词。根据下句中的“thunderstorm(雷暴)”可知突然有一道闪电。A.inspiration“灵感”；B.lightning“闪电”；C.white“白色”；D.loneliness“孤独”，故选B。答案B8A.looked up Bcleared upCgot up Dstayed up解析考查动词短语。根据上文She opened the door to her _4_ and sat down outside.可知这里指亚历克斯起来向里走。A.looked up“查阅”；B.cleared up“清理
35、”；C.got up“起身”；D.stayed up“熬夜”，故选C。答案C9A.close BrepairCopen Dexchange解析考查动词。根据空后的“only to find that she had locked herself out”可知亚历克斯试着开门，却发现自己被锁在门外了，因此感到很沮丧。A.close“关”；B.repair“修理”；C.open“打开”；D.exchange“交换”，故选C。答案C10A.Afraid BFrustratedCConfused DCautious解析考查形容词。句意：亚历克斯试着开门，却发现自己被锁在门外了，因此感到很沮丧。A.Af
36、raid“害怕的”；B.Frustrated“沮丧的”；C.Confused“困惑的”；D.Cautious“谨慎的”，故选B。答案B11A.violently BnaturallyCeventually Ddirectly解析考查副词。根据As she took a quick step backwards, she lost her _12_ and fell down.可知亚历克斯猛烈地前后摇晃着门把手。A.violently“猛烈地”；B.naturally“自然地”；C.eventually“最后”；D.directly“直接地”，故选A。答案A12A.breath Bbalance
37、Chead Dheart解析考查名词。根据and fell down.可知她失去了平衡。A.breath“呼吸”；B.balance“平衡”；C.head“头”；D.heart“心脏”，故选B。答案B13A.sponsored BdecidedCmanaged Dagreed解析 考查动词。根据she sat silently on the staircase.可知亚历克斯设法爬了起来。A.sponsored“赞助”；B.decided“决定”；C.managed“设法完成”；D.agreed“同意”，故选C。答案C14A.sweat BbloodCrainwater Dtears解析考查名词
38、。根据Alex cried until all the _15_ and wetness of the day washed away.可知泪水往下流。A.sweat“汗”；B.blood“血”；C.rainwater“雨水”；D.tears“泪水”，故选D。答案D15A.suffering BanxietyCburden Dstress解析考查名词。句意：亚历克斯又湿又孤单地哭着，直到一天的痛苦和潮湿都被冲走。A.suffering“痛苦”；B.anxiety“焦虑”；C.burden“负担”；D.stress“压力”，故选A。答案A16A.continued BpracticedCavoi
39、ded Dstopped解析考查动词。根据she looked up at a suddenly _17_ image of her backyard.可知她停止了哭泣。A.continued“继续”；B.practiced“练习”；C.avoided“避免”；D.stopped“停止”，故选D。答案D17A.complete BaggressiveCbright Dcolorful解析考查形容词。根据The air felt light and the sun shone through the clouds.可知她抬起头来，突然看到后院一片明亮的景象。A.complete“完全的”； Ba
40、ggressive“侵略的”；C.bright“明亮的”；D.colorful“富有色彩的”，故选C。答案C18A.Because BIfCWhen DAlthough解析考查连词。句意：尽管她的腿很僵硬，但是亚历克斯撕掉绷带，站起来了。A.Because“因为”；B.If“如果”；C.When“当时”；D.Although“尽管”，故选D。答案D19A.paper BbandageCshoes Dsocks解析考查名词。句意：尽管她的腿很僵硬，但是亚历克斯撕掉绷带，站起来了。A.paper“纸”；B.bandage“绷带”；C.shoes“鞋子”；D.socks“袜子”，故选B。答案B20A.declared BsuggestedCrejected Dexplained解析考查动词。根据 “Nothing will stop me.”可知这是亚历克斯在宣布一件事情。A.declared“宣布”；B.suggested“建议”；C.rejected“拒绝”；D.explained“解释”，故选A。答案A
