1、第2讲主旨大意题常见的命题方式有：1What is the best title for this passage?2Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?3Whats the main idea of the text?4The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that .1标题归纳类标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。名师点津干扰项特点1以偏概全；2.断章取义；3.主
2、题扩大；4.张冠李戴；5.无中生有。典题印证(2016全国，C片段)Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now，the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own
3、 and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place，hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson，the managing director of BookCrossing，says，
4、“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”32What is the best title for the text?AOnline Reading：A Virtual TourBElectronic Books：A New TrendCA Book Group Brings Tradition BackDA Website Links People Through Books答案D解析标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了Book
5、Crossing这个网站，因此文章标题应体现“网站”这一关键点，再根据文章第三段可知该网站把人生命中最重要的两个事物：人和书联系在一起。D项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。2文章大意类每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。名师点津确定选项是否切合中心主题，要从整篇文章出发，切勿本末倒置、主次不分，避免以点带面、以偏概全。典题印证(2016江苏，B)Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war par
6、ties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct(本能) to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own
7、food.In the laboratory，chimps dont naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no greater effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage，he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets
8、fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish.Human children，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experi
9、ments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young chil
10、dren.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their gen
11、eral cognitive(认知的)skills，at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello，the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomas
12、ello calls shared intentionality.Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking.But beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.They actively seek to be part of a “we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.60The passage is mainly
13、 about .Athe helping behaviors of young childrenBways to train childrens shared intentionalityCcooperation as a distinctive human natureDthe development of intelligence in children答案C解析主旨大意题。本文属于科普说明文，作者从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的本能，分析了人类具有愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的本能的原因。A、B、D三项都属于文章的部分内容，并非中心思想。故C项正确。3段落大意类段落的大意即某一段
14、的中心思想，一般体现在某个句子中，即我们所说的主题句。说明文或议论文的主题句一般出现在句首。采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后。有时候主题句也会出现在段落中间，甚至没有明确的主题句，这就要求我们根据段落的内容进行概括归纳。名师点津主题句的把握：1开门见山：提出主题细节论述阐明主题；2段末点睛：细节描述归纳要点概括主题；3段中点旨：细节描述归纳主题解释说明。典题印证(2016浙江，C片段)Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but i
15、t also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effortthe desire to explore，explain，and understand our worldis simply something that comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution(进化)
16、provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds，and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientis
17、ts.As some psychologists put it，“It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”53What is the main idea of the last paragraph?AThe world may be more clearly explained through childrens play.BStudying babies play may lead to a better understanding of science.CChil
18、dren may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.DOnes drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.答案B解析段落大意题。根据本段内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要讲“研究孩子的游戏可以让人们更好地理解科学”，故选B。ATwo of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”I live my life with the goal of never having
19、to say those words，because they convey regret，lost opportunities，mistakes，and disappointment.My father is famous in our family for saying，“Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule.When my children were young and likely to cause accidents，I always thought
20、 about what I could do to avoid an “if only” moment，whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter，or something that required a little more work such as taping padding(衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.I dont only avoid those “if
21、only” moments when it comes to safety.Its equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships.We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you”. When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor acr
22、oss from my office on Good Friday，I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldnt be here.But then I thought about the fact that hes 84 years old and I realized that I shouldnt give up an opportunity to see him.I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after a
23、ll.I know there will still be occasions when I have to say “if only” about something，but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality.And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right，or it occasionally takes an hour or two in
24、my busy schedule to make a personal connection，I know that Im doing the right thing.Im buying myself peace of mind and thats the best kind of insurance for my emotional wellbeing.1Which of the following is an example of the “extra minute” rule?AStart the car the moment everyone is seated.BLeave the
25、room for a minute with the iron working.CWait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.DMove an object out of the way before it trips someone.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段，利用排除法可知D为正确选项。2The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to .Akeep her appointment with the eye doctorBmeet her father
26、 who was already an old manCjoin in the holiday celebration of the companyDfinish her work before the deadline approached答案B解析细节理解题。由第三段最后两句可知，父亲年事已高，作者不想放弃这次见到父亲的机会，于是决定在那天去上班。3The underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .Aabandoned BlackedCavoided Dwasted答案A解析词义猜测题。根据for
27、egone 所在句子中的lost及regretted 可知此词与opportunity 搭配翻译成“放弃机会”，故选A。4What is the best title for the passage?AThe Emotional WellbeingBThe Two Saddest WordsCThe Most Useful RuleDThe Peace of Mind答案B解析标题归纳题。据首尾段的第一句话及文章大意可知，本文主要针对if only 展开话题进行讲解，故选B。BA new study has found that relaxation techniques decrease t
28、he need for healthcare visits and interventions(介入)，which is a good reason to pull out the old yoga mat.Healthcare practitioners have known for a long time that using relaxation techniques can improve health，but its hard to give such treatments without scientific evidence.Thats why researchers at th
29、e Massachusetts General Hospital decided to run an analysis，in which they analyzed the records of 4,000 patients between 2006 and 2014 who followed their doctors recommendations for relaxation techniques，and compared them to 130,000 other patients who did not use those same techniques.Stressrelated
30、disorders are the third leading cause of healthcare spending in the United States，after heart disease and cancer.In 2012，the treatment of stressrelated disorders，such as headaches，back pain and cost pain，cost Americans more than 80 billion.Over 90 percent of people suffering from stress or stressrel
31、ated problems seek help through primary care and tend to be frequent healthcare users.These visits can consist of as much as 70 percent of physicians caseloads(工作量)Teaching patients how to use relaxation techniques is an excellent way to reduce physicians caseloads，lessen the overall burden on the h
32、ealthcare system，save money，and provide noninternational solutions to physical problems that are safe effective.Our results indicate that mind body interventions can reduce individual disease burden as well as the utilization of healthcare resources and are well suited to the changing healthcare env
33、ironment.Mind body interventions are inexpensive relative to the cost of an emergency room visit，a hospitalization，or even other alternative medicine treatments.Sounds like its time to remove dust from the old yoga mat or sign up for that class youve been meaning to take at the meditation center.You
34、 might as well start now，rather than waiting till your personal health reaches a crisis point.5Why did researchers run an analysis of 4,000 patients?ATo find out how relaxation techniques work out.BTo provide scientific evidence about relaxation techniques.CTo encourage more people to make use of re
35、laxation techniques.DTo know whether people believe relaxation techniques are efficient.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，B正确。6What costs people the most in the USA?AHeart disease. BBack pain.CCancer. DHeadaches.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Stressrelated disorders are the third leading cause of healthcare spending in th
36、e United States，after heart disease and cancer.”可知，心脏病在美国花费最多。故选A。7What does the author think of relaxation techniques?ASimple. BPopular.CBeneficial. DComplex.答案C解析作者态度题。文章最后三段主要讲mind body interventions的好处，特别是由最后一段中的“You might as well start now.”可知，作者认为relaxation techniques很有帮助，故选C。8What does the si
37、xth paragraph mainly tell us?AThe change of healthcare resources.BThe advantages of mind body interventions.CThe variety of mind body interventions.DThe comparison of mind body interventions and emergency.答案B解析段落大意题。通读第六段可知，该段主要讲mind body interventions的好处，故选B项。强化练(二)题组1(社会文化说理议论科普知识健康生活)AEducators a
38、cross the US.are calling for major changes to the admission process in higher education.The National Center for Educational Statistics (or NCES) reported that US.colleges and universities received more than 9 million applications between 2013 and 2014 and admitted more than 5 million students.But th
39、e problem is not in the number of students，a new report says.The report is called “Turning the TideMaking Caring Common”The report argues that the process schools use to choose students causes major problems.David Hawkins is the Executive Director for Educational Content and Policy.He says that most
40、 colleges and universities require many things from students when they apply.Schools usually require an essay describing a students interests or why they want to study at that school.The schools also ask for letters from teachers describing why a student is a good candidate.But，Hawkins says，schools
41、are most concerned with a students high school grades and standardized test results.The Education Conservancy is an organization that fights to make higher education equal and available.Lloyd Thacker is the Executive Director of the Education Conservancy，saying that the college admission process has
42、 changed a lot.“Over the past 30 years，college admissions have become more complex.” He says that ranking systems for colleges and universities are a big part of the problem.US.News and World Report is a media company that creates a list of what it calls “Americas Best Colleges”The company bases the
43、 list on information collected from colleges and universities across the country.This information includes results of standardized tests like the SAT from all of a schools students.Higher average test results help put schools higher on the list.Thacker claims，“Too many students are learning to do wh
44、atever it takes in order to get ahead，even if that means sacrificing their own individuality，their health，their happiness and behavior.”“The impact on students and on parents is that college is all about where you go.The rank has nothing to do with the quality of education that goes on at the colleg
45、e.”The Harvard report states that the best way to change the admission process is by changing college applications.1When choosing students，colleges and universities attach greatest importance to .Atheir personal interestBtheir academic performanceCtheir teachers opinionDtheir reasons for application
46、答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“.schools are most concerned with a students high school grades and standardized test results.”可知，选项B正确。2The media company ranks the schools on the basis of .Apeoples attitude towards the schoolsBemployment rate of its graduatesCthe schools teaching qualityDinformation like test
47、results答案D解析细节理解题。根据第七段中的“bases the list on information”和“This information includes results of standardized tests like the SAT.”可知，选项D正确。3Which of the following does Lloyd Thacker probably agree with?AColleges are supposed to admit more and more students.BIt is necessary to apply for a proper univer
48、sity by referring to the rank.CThere is little relationship between colleges rank and the quality of education.DThe better the applicants grades are，the more likely they will be admitted.答案C解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“The rank has nothing to do with the quality of education that goes on at the college.”可推知选C
49、。4Which of the following is the best title of the passage?AHigher Rankings Matter a Great DealBColleges Look to Change Admission ProcessCColleges Admission Process Makes a DifferenceDTesting Results Determine Students Fate答案B解析主旨大意题。根据文章的描述可知，美国高等教育的招生过程中存在问题，教育工作者呼吁对此做出改变。故选项B正确。BNobody likes an ol
50、d poop(傻子)Developing a sense of humor is part of becoming a mature，emotionally healthy individual.Laughter is good for the soul，builds friendships and relieves stress.It serves as the glue for social situations and as an icebreaker for sadness and boredom.If youve ever been told to “lighten up” or “
51、chill out”，you should save the blue attitude for serious situations and develop your sense of humor.Forgive the accidental.A sudden fall is humorous not because we like to see people fall，but because it surprises.From a spilled(溢出) water glass in a meeting to Aunt Raes teeth coming off in the Thanks
52、giving turkey，the embarrassment of accidents can be relieved by humor and a helping hand.After making sure that nobodys hurt，forgive accidents with a chuckle(咯咯地笑)rather than a scolding.Look for the unexpected.The kid who used to look at you with his eyes closed during a test had the idea.Parents wh
53、o serve green eggs and ham to their children on graduation day get the idea.Unexpected actions lighten an atmosphere and relax people.Learn to laugh with your kids.Most of what children say and do is funny.Help them learn that accidents are sometimes funny and sometimes occasions for joining in and
54、helping another human being.By sharing laughs and attempting to explain humor，you develop your sense of humor，as well as help kids develop their own sense of humor.5If youve ever been told to “lighten up” or “chill out”，it means .Ayou are humorous Byou are blueCyou lack humor Dyou are funny答案C解析细节理解
55、题。根据第一段中的“If youve ever been told to lighten up or chill out，you should save the blue attitude for serious situations and develop your sense of humor.”可知，如果你被告诉要放松或冷静，你就要放松下来，使用你的幽默感。故选C项。6According to Paragraph 2，when your friend falls，you can .Alaugh at him BchuckleCscold him Dfeel embarrassed答案B解
56、析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“After making sure that nobodys hurt，forgive accidents with a chuckle(咯咯地笑) rather than a scolding.”可知，选B项。7In the authors opinion，if your mother serves green eggs and hum to you on your graduation day，she is .Aboring BseriousCconsiderate Dhumorous答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Parents who ser
57、ve green eggs and ham to their children on graduation day get the idea.Unexpected actions lighten an atmosphere and relax people.”可知，在孩子毕业那天给孩子绿蛋和火腿，这种行为会让人们放松，故选D项。8What is the best title for the passage?AHow to Develop a Sense of HumorBWays to Become a Healthy IndividualCThe Function of HumorDProp
58、er Attitudes Toward Humor答案A解析标题归纳题。根据文章第一句话“Nobody likes an old poop(傻子)Developing a sense of humor is part of becoming a mature，emotionally healthy individual.”可知，选A项。CModern humans have a hard time controlling their desire to eat.Often you eat not because you are hungry，but because you are affect
59、ed by many other things.How much you eat is strongly affected by how much those around you eat.People eating alone eat least.People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home.People dining in a party of four eat 75 percent more.Eating with overweight friends？Youll eat more
60、.Is your waitress overweight？Youll eat more.Wide variety of food？Youll eat more.Plates can decide how sweet dessert tastes.If people ate it off a paper plate，theyd say，“This is good.” If they ate it off a fancy silver plate，they would say，“This is the greatest cake Ive eaten in my entire life.”Your
61、knowledge about what makes food good or bad also affects how much you eat.You tend to eat more when you think the food is good，and less when you think it is bad.So Grandmas cookies always taste better than other cookies.“Good food” even has a “health halo(光环) effect”If were eating something healthy，
62、we feel that everything in that meal is healthy.Due to this，people often believe that a cheese cake with a salad has fewer calories(卡路里) than the cheese cake alone.Thats perhaps also why eating organic(有机的) food might turn you into an annoying guy.Your brain may use anything that makes you feel good
63、 about your own morality to excuse your immoral behavior.Food and hunger affect your judgment too.Hungry judges give more serious sentences.Kids who dont eat breakfast behave worse than kids who eat their breakfast.People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have troub
64、le concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.9What is mentioned as a cause of overeating?ASuffering from great loneliness.BBeing served by a helpful waitress.CBeing treated to high quality food.DEating with many friends.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“People eating with one other person eat 35 perc
65、ent more than they do at home.People dining in a party of four eat 75 percent more.”可知，过度饮食的一个原因是和很多人一起吃，故选D。10According to the passage，an annoying person may be one who .Afinds any excuse for eating moreBis crazy about the quality of platesCcompetes with others in making cookiesDteaches people to s
66、tick to morality答案A解析细节理解题。由题干中的annoying可定位至第三段中的“Thats perhaps also why eating organic(有机的) food might turn you into an annoying guy.Your brain may use anything that makes you feel good about your own morality to excuse your immoral behavior.”由此可知，一个讨厌的人是一个为自己过量饮食找借口的人。故选A。11According to the passag
67、e，people are more likely to make a bad judgment when .Athey dont feel hungryBthey arent overweightCthey have low blood sugarDthey know little about food答案C解析细节理解题。由题干中的judgement可定位至最后一段，由该段最后一句“People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and
68、controlling their unpleasant emotions.”可知，低血糖的人更有可能做出错误的判断。故选C。12What would be the best title for the passage?AWhen Cant We Go on a Diet?BWhat Affects Eating?CHow to Make Good FoodDWhere to Find Safe Food答案B解析标题归纳题。文章第一段前两句“Modern humans have a hard time controlling their desire to eat.Often you eat
69、 not because you are hungry，but because you are affected by many other things.”可看出本文大意。下文介绍影响人们过度饮食的因素，故“什么影响吃？”作为本文的标题最合适。故选B。DWeve all had a bad feeling soon after a hearty lunch.You cant stay focused，your energy level falls，and you wish you possessed a warm blanket so you could curl up under your
70、 desk for a quick nap.But you have important things to dolike completing that project or leading a team meeting in less than an hour.You dont have to suffer that fate anymore.I have four foods that will get your focus back on track so that you can finish your workday stronger than you started.Keep t
71、hese products handy in your office，and youll never suffer from that 2 pm.mental slog ever again.Green TeaWhile coffee is an important afternoon pickmeup，green tea should not be overlooked.The unique combination of the amino acid thiamine(硫氨素) and caffeine has been shown across several studies to imp
72、rove creativity，ability to multitask and reaction time.Try some amazing tea recipes to get started.Almonds(杏仁)Almonds are a great afternoon recharger that research from Purdue University shows will also aid in your weightloss efforts.This is because almonds provide sustained energy: a mix of fat，fib
73、er and protein.Those elements allow almonds to offer a convenient snack that gives you a smooth shot of energy that comes from controlling your blood sugar levels.Plus，research shows that people who regularly eat nuts have as much as a 50 percent reduced risk of having a heart attack.Greek YogurtRes
74、earch from the University of Missouri shows that protein helps your body into better blood sugar control by stimulating the release of the hormone glucagon(胰高血糖素)Aim for a cup that has 20 to 23 grams of protein for your snack.Dark ChocolateDespite often being viewed as a bad dietary food，dark chocol
75、ate can help fight off that urge to take a nap in the middle of the day.While dark chocolate does contain small amounts of caffeine，its real power comes from phenyl ethylamine(苯基乙胺)Research from Middlesex University in London shows that just smelling chocolate can shift brain activity towards greate
76、r attention.13The underlined expression “that fate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”Astaying focusedBpossessing low energy levelChaving a slow napDcurling up under your desk答案B解析词义猜测题。that fate应指代上文提到的某种事物或状态。结合第一段前两句中的“had a bad feeling”，“cant stay focused”和“your energy level falls”等信息可知，B项正确。14Wh
77、ich of the following statements is TRUE?AWhite coffee cant help us stay focused in the afternoon.BEating almonds regularly can help us lose weight.CDark Chocolate can help us have a good nap in the afternoon.DHaving no lunch can help us stay focused in the afternoon.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段提到“Almonds are a
78、great afternoon recharger that research from Purdue University shows will also aid in your weightloss efforts.”可知，研究表明杏仁有减肥的功效，故选B项。15The passage mainly talks about .Afoods that fight off an afternoon depressionBfeelings that we have after we have a delicious lunchCtips that we should follow to keep
79、 healthyDthings that we can do in our office after a good lunch答案A解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲述中午吃饭后你会感觉很困，有四种零食可以让你保持健康和活力，故选A项。.单词梳理A词汇与派生1admit vadmission n.2organize vt.organization n.3inform vt.information n.4emotion nemotionally adv.5laugh vi.laughter n.6sad adj.sadness n.7variety nvarious adj.8annoy vt.anno
80、ying adj.B选用上述词汇的正确形式填空1I dont know how my story caused so much laughter.2You need to learn the power of thought and emotion.3Ill keep you informed of the progress made.4We congratulated him on his being admitted to the Party.5They may apply to join the organization.6Joans childhood was filled with
81、pain and sadness.7There are various types of the disease.8I like my sister，even if she can be annoying sometimes.短语提炼A根据汉语提示写出文中短语1参与；涉及be concerned with2和没有关系has nothing to do with3也；还；和一样as well as4由于due to5打盹；小睡take a nap6大量的amounts ofB运用上述短语完成下列句子1这和你或者你的孩子无关。This has nothing to do with you or y
82、our baby.2由于出现了我们无法控制的情况，我们不能在此着陆。Due to circumstances beyond our control，we cannot land here.3我和那件事情不再有牵连了。I am not concerned with that matter any longer.4建造这座桥花费了大笔的钱款。Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.5我们在一棵大树下面打了一个盹。We took a nap in the shade of a large tree.6显然他对音乐和绘画都有兴趣。Obviousl
83、y he is interested in music as well as (in) painting.句式活学运用1People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home.句式分析eating with one other person是现在分词短语，在句中作定语。翻译如果和另一个人共同进餐，要比在家里多吃35%。仿写有些小孩在河里游泳。There were some children swimming in the river.2Your knowledge about what makes
84、 food good or bad also affects how much you eat.句式分析句中的what引导宾语从句，作about的宾语，what在从句中作主语。翻译你对于使食物变好或变坏的了解也影响到你的食量。仿写1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。In 1492，Columbus reached what is now called America.题组2(社会生活人物故事时文报道科普知识)AOnline purchases have soared during the Chinese New Year holiday.Its the dead of winter in
85、 Shanghai.Delivery man Liu Jia and his colleagues start the day when most people are still asleep.Working at a distribution point of a shopping website in Shanghai，they promise to deliver products within three hours of an order being placed.“I buy most of my grocery online，especially the heavy items
86、.Its convenient and cheap compared to the supermarket in my neighborhood，” customer Chen Hong said.Orders such as these have increased for the New Year，forcing Liu Jia to work around the clock.“The orders are usually rice，laundry detergent(洗涤剂)，tissue paper and snacks，mostly food and articles for ev
87、eryday use，” Liu Jia said.According to an industry report，Chinas B2C(Business to Customer) online sales are growing at an annual rate of 25 percent.Competition between online giants like Taobao and Jingdong is now fiercer than ever.“The essence of online shopping is that customers can buy products e
88、asily.So the competition is about：firstly，the range of products；secondly，the depth under each category of products；third，the price and user experience，” Pan Biao，vice president of YHD.com，said.Ecommerce is one of Chinas fastest growing sectors.Its changed peoples buying habits，and even their living
89、habits.And its had a huge impact on the retail industry.To make online shopping more convenient，major sites are investing heavily to build payment systems and logistics(物流) networks.On average，a retailer now can deliver goods to the majority of cities within 3 days，and to towns and more remote areas
90、 in the country within a week.“Competition will produce a number of good companies，making better products and services that customers need.In the field of Ecommerce，we are leading the world in terms of products，services and industry development，” Liu Yinbin，associate professor with Dept of Informati
91、on Management，Shanghai University，said.Experts also say customers are increasingly making their online purchases from mobile devices，opening up vast new opportunities and competition for retailers.语篇解读本文主要介绍了在中国传统节日春节期间网上购物急剧增加这一现象，并引出了电子商业的发展状况。1All of the following about Liu Jia are true EXCEPT th
92、at .Ahe works as an online store owner in ShanghaiBhe has to work around the clock to deliver so many productsChe starts working when most people are still asleepDhe must deliver products within three hours of an order being placed答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“Delivery man Liu Jia and his colleagues start t
93、he day when most people are still asleep.Working at a distribution point of a shopping website.”可知，Liu Jia是一名快递员，故选项A表述不正确。选A。2The possible meaning of the underlined word “essence” in Paragraph 3 is “ ”Away BadvantageCresult Dinfluence答案B解析词义猜测题。根据后半句“customers can buy products easily”可知，这里应该是讲网购的优点
94、。advantage意为“优点”，故选B。3What can we learn from the passage?AChen Hong buys most of her electronic products online.BPan Biao encourages retailers(零售商店) to open up new chances.CChinas B2C online sales are growing at a rate of 25 percent.DLiu Yinbin thinks competition will help make better products and s
95、ervices.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Competition will produce a number of good companies，making better products and services that customers need.Liu Yinbin，.said.”一句可知Liu Yinbin认为竞争是有好处的，故选项D正确。4Which of the following can be the best topic of the passage?ACustomers like buying mobile devices.BOnline shopping
96、 increases rapidly in China.CMost customers buy food and articles for everyday use.DTaobao and Jingdong are competing fiercely.答案B解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在中国传统节日春节期间网上购物急剧增加这一现象，并引出了中国电子商业的发展状况。故选项B正确。BWhen Dekalb Walcott was just 8 years old，his father，a Chicago fire chief，let him tag along on a call
97、.Dekalb says a lot of kids idolized(崇拜) basketball player Michael Jordan when he was growing up in Chicago in the 1990s.Not him.“I wanted to be like Dekalb Walcott Jr.，” he says of his father.So when his dad asked if he wanted to go on that call with him when he was 8，Dekalb was excited.“Im jumping
98、up and down，saying，Mom，can I go？Can I go？”The experience changed Dekalbs life；he tells his dad on a visit to StoryCorps.“My eyes got big from the moment the alarm went off，” the younger Dekalb says.“This is the life that I want to live someday.”Now 27，the younger Dekalb is living that life.He became
99、 a firefighter at 21 and went to work alongside his dad at the Chicago Fire Department.Before his father retired，the pair even went out on a call togetherfather supervising(监督) son.“You know，its everything for me to watch you grow，” his father says.But he also recalls worrying about one particular f
100、ire that his son faced.“I received a phone call that night.And they said，Well，your son was at this fire. I said，OK，which way is this conversation going to go？” Dekalb Walcott Jr.recalls.“And they said，But hes OK.And he put it out all by himself.Everybody here was proud of him.And the word went aroun
101、d，Who was out there managing that fire？Oh，thats Walcott! Thats Walcott up there！ So，you know，moments like that，its heaven on Earth for a dad.”Dekalb Walcott Jr.retired in 2009.The younger Dekalb says hes proud of being a secondgeneration firefighter.“You know，it makes me look forward to fatherhood a
102、s well，because Im definitely looking forward to passing that torch down to my son.”语篇解读本文是一篇故事类短文，讲述了一家两代对消防工作的热爱。当Dekalb Walcott 8岁的时候他父亲就带他去消防现场，当时他激动不已，希望自己以后也做一名消防员。而且现在27岁的他已经成为了一名优秀的消防员。5The underlined phrase “tag along” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “ ”Aput out fireBwatch basketball
103、Cask his mothers permissionDfollow his father答案D解析词义猜测题。根据前四段内容可知父亲Dekalb Walcott Jr.是一名消防员，由此推断8岁的时候父亲是带他去了火警现场，故选D。6Dekalb Walcott determined to become a firefighter at the age of .A8 B21 C35 D27答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段内容可知Dekalb Walcott 8岁的时候想成为和父亲一样的消防员，故选A。7What can we learn from the last paragraph
104、?ADekalb Walcott Jr.is proud to be a secondgeneration firefighter.BDekalb Walcott wants his son to become a firefighter too.CDekalb Walcott Jr.wants to pass the torch to Dekalb Walcott .DDekalb Walcott is proud that his son has become an excellent firefighter.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章末段内容younger Dekalb 也就是Dek
105、alb Walcott 所说的话可知，他希望自己的孩子以后也当消防员，故选B。8Which of the following is the best title of the passage?APutting Out Fire：A Challenging Job for Father and SonBPassing the Torch：A Firefighter Dads LegacyCDekalb Walcott ：A Secondgeneration FirefighterDDekalb Walcott Jr.：A Chicago Fire Chief答案B解析标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知
106、这是一家两代成为消防员的故事，而且文章最后younger Dekalb说了希望他自己的孩子也当消防员，因此，用“一位消防员父亲的传承”作标题最为合适，故选B。CAs anyone who freelances(做自由职业) knows，there are lots of advantages of working at home alone.But there are drawbacks too，like the potential loneliness.No wonder coworking spaces are becoming so popular: they permit selfem
107、ployed individuals to feel like they are part of all office environment，while making them get some work done too.But renting a coworking space does cost money.Now a Swedish project is aiming to change that by turning peoples underused homes into temporary coworking spaces，available to freelancers fo
108、r free.Hoffice was started by freelancers Christofer Gradin Franzen and Johline Zandra about a year ago in Stockholm when they invited a few people into their home office to work together.It was a great success，and the project has since spread to a number of cities in Europe，North and South America，
109、Australia，India and Japan.Anyone can sign up and offer their home space as a free coworking space，or go find a Hoffice near them.On a Hoffice day，everyone arrives and starts work at a certain hour.After 45 minutes，everyone gets up to take a break，stretch，do qigong or yoga for 10 to 15 minutes.Afterw
110、ards，people can gather around again，and restate their intentions and goals for the rest of the work day，as a way to motivate each other.Meals can be eaten together at a certain hour，potluckstyle(家常饭) or by bringing your own lunch.This process creates an encouraging and supportive work environment.As
111、 some freelancers describe，“By working at Hoffice，we give ourselves and each other the gift to spend our days in a social working environment，where we are extremely productive without ignoring our other human needs.We also make sure to give us and each other what we need to feel calm，happy，inspired
112、and creative during the working day.”So Hoffice is not just about sharing space; its also about a free exchange of ideas.And perhaps the best thing is that Hoffices are free to use.语篇解读越来越多的人在家办公，瑞典成立了Hoffice组织。本文介绍了Hoffice是如何成立和运行的。9Hoffice was started to .Achange peoples attitude to workBencourage
113、 people to be more socialCimprove peoples working conditionsDprovide a coworking space for free答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But renting a coworking space does cost money.”，并由下文的内容可推断建立Hoffice其实就是为这些在一起工作的人提供一个免费的能一起工作的地方，故选D。10Whats the main idea of Paragraph 3?AHow people respond to Hoffice.BHow a Hoffice
114、day works.CWhat people share at Hoffice.DWhat Hoffice means to people.答案B解析段落大意题。根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了在Hoffice中人们的日常工作是如何进行的，故选B。11What do we know about Hoffice according to the text?AIt is becoming increasingly popular.BIt has been around for quite a few years.CIt has created many new job opportunitie
115、s.DIt is suitable for people from all walks of life.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It was a great success，and the project has since spread to a number of cities in Europe，North and South America，Australia，India and Japan.Anyone can sign up and offer their home space as a free coworking space，or go find a Hoffic
116、e near them.”可推断，这种办公室越来越受欢迎，故选A。DWhile astronauts in space get to do many exciting things，they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for grantedbeing able to walk on firm ground，hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza.Though not much can be done about the first
117、 two things，there may soon be a solution to the third one，thanks to this cool 3D pizza printer!About a year ago，NASA offered 125,000 to Anjan Contractor，a 3D technology expert，to build a device(设备) that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand.The mechanical engineer promised that his inventio
118、n would produce pies in large quantities that looked，tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.Late last year，the engineer presented a video of his first prototype(原型) that begins by creating a single slice of dough(面团) that is cooked and printed at the same time.Then comes the tomato
119、“sauce”a mix of tomato powder，oil and water and finally，a protein slice that resembles cheese.While the video doesnt show the baking process，the inventor says that once the pizza is printed，it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any p
120、izza lover，Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts.Thats because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years.Though that may sound unrealistic，actually it is not.Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water i
121、s removed from all the ingredients(配料) and then they are reduced to the powder form.This，as you can imagine，will not be so easy.But，while the printer may not be ready for space，it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth.Hopefully，NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not for
122、tunate enough to go to Mars!语篇解读本文主要介绍了向宇航员提供的太空自制披萨的技术开发，将来宇航员们也许能吃上热气腾腾的披萨。12Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space can NOT do?ATo ask us not to take common things for granted.BTo show they live a difficult life there.CTo show their life is boring in space.DTo introduce th
123、e topic of the text.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段叙述可知，提及宇航员不能做一些事情的目的是引出下文。13NASA offered 125,000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to .Acreate some new types of 3D printerBattract more companies to work for NASAChelp astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one dayDproduce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits答
124、案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，美国宇航局提供的125 000美元是为了开发向宇航员们提供新鲜披萨的技术。故选C。14The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that .Ahe has no money left to go on with his researchBthe pizza doesnt seem appetizing to pizza loversChe has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years
125、Dhe cannot make the food container last for decades答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thats because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years.”可知，容器的使用时限是目前的一大难题。故选D。15Whats the main idea of the passage?ANASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better.BAstro
126、nauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza.CNASA is working on making pizza for common people.DA 3D pizza printer has been used to make pizza.答案B解析主旨大意题。文章主要讲了向宇航员提供在太空自制披萨的技术开发，因此将来宇航员们也许能吃上热气腾腾的披萨。.单词梳理A词汇与派生1distribute vt.distribution n.2convenient adj.convenience n.3deep adj.depth n.4lon
127、ely adj.loneliness n.5encourage vt.encouraging adj.6actual adj.actually adv.7fortunate adj.fortunately adv.8attract vt.attraction n.B选用上述词汇的正确形式填空1Please send her the book at your convenience.2The actual cost is much higher than we have expected.3Some types of plants are widely distributed.4Blackpoo
128、l is the top tourist attraction in England.5We were very pleased to hear this encouraging news.6Fortunately the rain stopped before we started.7Many deaf people have feelings of loneliness.8The depth of the pond was about five feet.短语提炼A根据汉语提示写出文中短语1对有影响 have an impact on2平均地on average3就而言in terms o
129、f4盼望look forward to5认为理所当然take.for granted6幸亏；由于thanks toB运用上述短语完成下列句子1乔治认为他朋友为他做的一切是理所当然的。George took for granted all that his friends did for him.2一般人平均需要花上两年的时间才能将它学完。It takes ordinary people on average two years to finish it.3亏得你们帮忙，我们才提前完成了任务。Thanks to your help，we accomplished the task ahead o
130、f schedule.4电脑的发明对人类社会产生了重要的影响。The invention of computer has an impact on human society.5我们期待着明天与他会面。We are looking forward to meeting him tomorrow.6就钱来说他很富有，但就幸福来说就不然了。In terms of money，hes quite rich，but not in terms of happiness.句式活学运用1While the video doesnt show the baking process，the inventor s
131、ays that once the pizza is printed，it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.句式分析句中的while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。翻译尽管视频没有展示烤制的过程，但是发明者说一旦披萨被压制出来，七秒后就可以享用。仿写虽然他身体不好，但他还是努力工作。While he is in poor health，he works hard.2This，as you can imagine，will not be so easy.句式分析句中as引导非限定性定语从句，表示“正如；就像”。翻译正如你能想象的，这不会那么容易。仿写众所周知，没有水鱼不能生存。As is known to all，fish cant live without water.版权所有：高考资源网()
