1、典句精讲Introduction1.The Great Wall of China is the longest man-made structure ever built.万里长城是人类历史上最长的人造建筑。【巧解句构】这是一个简单句。man-made是复合形容词,作前置定语,修饰名词structure;ever built是过去分词(短语)作后置定语(which has been ever built).【要点剖析】复合形容词有多种组成形式:名词+动词的过去分词:如:man-made satellite(人造卫星)形容词+动词-ing结构:如:an ordinary-looking man
2、(一个相貌平平的人)数词+名词+形容词:a three-meter-long bridge (一个三米长的桥)数词+名词+-ed形式: a three-legged table (一个三条腿的桌子)形容词+名词+-ed结构:a warm-hearted man (一个热心肠的人)【误区警示】注意:这类复合形容词只能作前置定语,不能作后置定语。2.It took six years to build and cost US$20 billion.它花费了六年的时间,耗资20亿美元。【巧解句构】这是动词不定式作真正主语,it作形式主语的简单句。【要点剖析】这是因为动词不定式比较长,为了保持句子平衡
3、,不至于头重脚轻。【拓展延伸】To finish the task in one hour is a hard job.=It is a hard job to finish the task in one hour.在一个小时以内完成这项工作是困难的。联系:it作形式宾语,而动词不定式作真正的宾语:I find it difficult to learn English well.我发现学好英语太难了。3.Its reservoir is more than 500 kilometers long.水库有500多千米长。【巧解句构】这是一个介绍长短的简单句。【要点剖析】介绍长短、大小、尺码的
4、句子结构是:sth.is .meters long/wide/deep=sth.is.meters in length/in width/in depth/in size【拓展延伸】1) This is a room 5 meters in length./4 meters in width.这个屋子5米长/4米宽。2)The river is 3 feet in depth.这条河深3英尺。3) This piece of clothing is a bit bigger in size.这套服装在尺码上稍微大一些。The Three Gorges Dam1.The power of the
5、 Yangtze River, which is the worlds third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.长江是世界第三大河流,其水力已被三峡大坝拦截利用。【巧解句构】句中which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。整个主句就是:The power of the Yangtze River has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.【要点剖析】which在定语从句中指代the Yangtze River,注意that不能引导非限制性定语从句。【拓展延伸】1)He
6、len,who was sitting on my right, said that that meal was the worst one he had ever had.(who引导的非限制性定语从句)2)Rizhao,where I was born, is very beautiful.(where引导的非限制性定语从句)2.Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.有些历史遗物正在被搬迁,还有一些正在被送进博物馆。【巧解句构】这是个含有被动语态的并列句。【要点剖析】being removed和
7、being put into museums都是现在分词的被动语态,表示remove和put动作正在进行中且与some of them和some是动宾关系。【拓展延伸】现在分词的被动形式和过去分词虽然都有被动的含义,但它们在时间关系上是有区别的。1)如果表示说话的时候正在发生的动作或与谓语动词同时进行的动作,应用现在分词的被动语态的一般形式。如:The watch being repaired is yours.正在被修的那块表是你的。The large building being built will be a hospital.正在被建设的那栋大楼是一家医院。2)如果要强调分词表示的动作
8、先于谓语动作,可以用现在分词的被动式的完成式,用作状语。如:Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?有那么好的一次机会,她怎么能轻易放弃呢?3.The people living in the village have moved to other places.居住在这里的人们已经搬到别的地方了。【巧解句构】这是个现在分词作定语的简单句。【要点剖析】现在分词在句中起形容词的作用,可以用作定语。1)单个形容词作定语时常放在被修饰的词的前面。如:Are there any living things
9、 on the moon?月亮上有生物吗?2)单个分词作定语时也可以放在被修饰的词的后面。如:There is something missing.有东西丢了。3)分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的词的后面。如:The man lying there comes from the south.躺在那里的那个人来自南方。【拓展延伸】区别过去分词:1)现在分词表示主动,所修饰的人或物是动作的执行者;而过去分词表示被动,所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受者。2)现在分词表示正在进行的动作;而过去分词则表示完成的动作。The Empire State Building,New York1.The Empire
10、State Building, which was the tallest building at the time was finished in May 1931.世界上最高的楼帝国大厦是1931年5月建成的。【巧解句构】句中的which引导非限制性定语从句。【要点剖析】1)句子主干部分是The Empire State Building was finished in May 1913.2)which引导的非限制性定语从句作The Empire State Building的定语,起补充说明作用。2.In 1945, a US military plane, which was flyi
11、ng over Manhattan on a foggy day, crashed into the building just above the 78th floor.1945年,一架美国军用飞机撞击到帝国大厦78层之上,当时这架飞机正在大雾天气里飞行在曼哈顿上空。【巧解句构】本句中which引导的是非限制性定语从句。整个句子主干部分是这样的:In 1945,a US military plane crashed into the building just above the 78th floor.【要点剖析】要求我们区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的用法;弄清楚which,as引导
12、非限制性定语从句的区别。【拓展延伸】as,which引导非限制性定语从句的异同点。1)相同之处:当从句位于主句之后,引导词指代整个主句所表达的全部意义时,as和 which可以互换。如:A big earthquake occurred in the west part of Japan last night, as/which was reported on TV.据电视报道,昨天夜里日本西部地区发生了大地震。2)不同之处:as引导非限制性定语从句时,位置比较灵活,可位于主句之中或之后,而which引导非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后,不能位于主句之前。在搭配上,在由the same/such所修饰的名词后通常用as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。which引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句,可以用and this代替,意思是“这件事”;as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处等。当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时,不可用as代替which。