1、Lesson3 NaturalDisasters 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1The agricultural land is hilly and the (irrigate)is poor.答案 irrigation 2A few children will tend to suffer from (separate)from their parents.答案 separation 3A new railway is being (construct).答案 constructed 4They are focused on increasing their personal wealth
2、 by any (mean).答案 means 5In England,the (change)weather is a topic which is often talked about.答案 changeable 二、短语填空 earn ones living wipe out in advance get over a range of 1Before visiting him,I called him up .答案 in advance 2When he was very young,he began to by selling newspapers.答案 earn his livin
3、g 3He is trying to the difficulty at present.答案 get over 4Whole villages were by the floods.答案 wiped out 5The two men discussed issues.答案 a range of 三、阅读理解 A(导学号 51860004)The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Naurus heartbreaking story
4、could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.For thousands of years,Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru,far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter,a whaling ship.He calle
5、d the island Pleasant Island.However,because it was very remote,Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit,bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A ten-year civil
6、war started,which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.Naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.In fact,it was found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate,which is a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began
7、 mining the phosphate.A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground;it is a strip mine.When a company strip-mines,it removes the top layer of soil.Then it takes away the material it wants.Strip-mining totally destroys the land.Gradually,the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.In 1968
8、,Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.Unfortunately,the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition,they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon peop
9、le realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000,Nauru was almost financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will pro
10、bably never happen.1What might be the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To seek help for Naurus problems.B.To give a warning to other countries.C.To show the importance of money.D.To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.解 析 主 旨 大 意 题。文 章 第 一 段 提 到 瑙 鲁 前 后 的 变 化 以 及 该 段 最 后 一 句“.othercountriesm
11、ightlearnfromitsmistakes.”可知作者的写作目的是为了引起其他国家的重视,以示警告。故选 B 项。答案 B 2What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?A.Rich and powerful.B.Modern and open.C.Peaceful and attractive.D.Greedy and aggressive.解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“.usedtobeabeautifulplace.”以及第二段第一句“.livedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesternciv
12、ilization.”可知瑙鲁在欧洲人到来之前是一个安静而美丽的地方。答案 C 3The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from .A.soil pollution B.phosphate overmining C.farming activity D.whale hunting 解析细节理解题。文章第四段提到一家英国矿业公司发现瑙鲁含有丰富的磷酸盐后开始开采,第 五 段 又 说 明 了 其 实 这 种 露 天 矿 的 开 采 破 坏 了 土 壤 的 表 层,最 终 使 得“thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolookli
13、kethemoon”。因此可以看出其生态灾难是由过度的采矿引起的,故 B 项正确。答案 B 4Which of the following was a cause of Naurus financial problem?A.Its leaders misused the money.B.It spent too much repairing the island.C.Its phosphate mining cost much money.D.It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.解析细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“.theleadersin
14、vestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.”可知领导人使用资金不当,致使瑙鲁陷入财政困难。故选 A 项。答案 A 5What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?A.The ecological damage is difficult to repair.B.The leaders will take the experts words seriously.C.The
15、 island was abandoned by the Nauruans.D.The phosphate mines were destroyed.解析推理判断题。结合文章最后一段倒数第二句专家所说的修复瑙鲁(岛)需要花的钱和时间,以及最后一句“Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.”可以推断一旦造成生态破坏,是很难修复的。故选 A 项。答案 A B People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution.Poll
16、ution is caused either by mans release of completely new artificial substances into the environment,or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance,such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in ou
17、r daily lives,is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance,or the ecological balance as is also known.Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed(处理)of.But while more and more new and complex goods are produced,there will be new,dangerous waste to
18、 be disposed of,for example,the waste products from nuclear power stations.Many people,therefore,see pollution as only part of a larger and more complex problem,that is,the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods.Others again see the problem mainly in connection with agricult
19、ure,where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on their land to feed our ever-increasing population.However,the land itself is gradually becoming worn out as it is being used,in some cases,too heavily,and artificial fertilizers cannot restore the balance.Whatever its underlying reasons
20、 are,there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies,individuals and governments would make more efforts.In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste.Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of;dr
21、inks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused.This not only causes a litter problem,but also is a great waste of resources,in terms of glass,metals and paper.Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need,but also t
22、o throw away much of what we do buy.Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying,excessive consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.6The main cause of pollution is .A.our ever-increasing population B.incre
23、ased amounts of a natural substance C.the release of artificial or natural substances into the environment D.the production of new industrial goods 解析由短文中心含义可知,污染的原因在于随意排放各种物质。原文第一段第二句清楚地说明了这一点。答案 C 7In the writers view,the more new goods are produced,.A.the less pollution there will be B.the harder
24、 pollution can be prevented C.the more easily pollution can be controlled D.the more pollution there will be 解析文中第二段首句表明我们在生产各种生活用品时,肯定会产生破坏生态平衡的废物。再由第二段第二、三句可见,生产的新产品越多,造成的污染就越大。答案 D 8Much of the pollution could be controlled if only .A.people would pay more attention to the problem B.governments w
25、ould take effective measures C.all sides concerned would make more efforts D.farmers would use less artificial fertilizers 解析由文中第三段第一句可知只有各方齐努力,才能控制污染。答案 C 9Many people see pollution as only part of .A.our daily life B.the environmental balance C.the consumption of goods by man D.the whole process o
26、f industrial production and consumption of goods 解析文中第二段第四句表明答案为 D 项。答案 D 10People can help solve the problem of pollution by .A.making anti-pollution advertisements B.reducing unnecessary buying,excessive consumption and careless disposal of the products we use C.asking the governments to control t
27、he waste D.cutting down the use of oil 解析由文中第三段最后一句话可知 B 项正确。答案 B 四、完形填空 War,money and power are a few things that countries and people are concerned about.Though I agree that 1 things are important,I believe that everyone should start to 2 more on a growing problemglobal warming.Global warming will
28、 not only 3 our country and our generation,but also the entire 4 and future generations.It is 5 because the weather has been a lot warmer over the past few years,which 6 the melting(融化)of the ice in the Antarctic.This will soon cause water levels to 7 and flood parts of the world.Many people 8 this
29、problem because they feel as if they cant do anything about it and have more 9 things to worry about.If we all 10 so,then our ozone layer(臭氧层)will be 11 and the planet will no longer be able to make life continue to exist.We should do our best to limit the use of our planets 12 resources(资源)and keep
30、 our air clean.13,future generations will suffer from our 14.Some might feel that they cant stop global warming from 15.But if every single person does his or her part in keeping the air clean,then it will become a 16 effort.Sure,there are some things that cause pollution and that we wont be able to
31、 17 change.This may include cars burning oil,but we can 18 adjust some of these things.People can start carpooling(合伙用车),taking the bus,riding their bikes,or 19 just walking.If everyone takes 20 now,I believe we can start seeing remarkable results within a few years.1A.one B.some C.other D.those 解析根
32、据第一句中的“War,moneyandpower”及第二句中的 things 可知。答案 D 2A.depend B.focus C.hang D.remark 解 析 作 者 认 为 每 个 人 都 应 更 关 注 全 球 变 暖 问 题。focuson.“注 意 力 集 中在”;dependon“依赖,依靠”;hangon“坚持,别挂断”;remarkon“对做出评论”。答案 B 3A.annoy B.interrupt C.affect D.confuse 解析 全球变暖不仅会影响到我们的国家和我们这一代人,还会影响annoy“使心烦”;interrupt“打断”;affect“影响”;
33、confuse“使困惑”。答案 C 4A.world B.continent C.industry D.climate 解析由句意的递进“全球变暖不仅会影响到我们的国家和我们这一代人,而且会影响全世界和下一代”可推断出;修饰词 entire 也暗示了这一点。world“世界”;continent“大陆,大洲”;industry“工业”;climate“气候”。答案 A 5A.failing B.completing C.changing D.occurring 解析因为在过去几年里气候不断变暖,温室效应一直在发生。fail“失败”;complete“完成”;change“改变”;occur“发
34、生”。答案 D 6A.lies in B.results in C.suffers from D.escapes from 解析全球变暖导致冰川融化。liein“在于”;resultin“引起,导致”;sufferfrom“遭受,患(病)”;escapefrom“逃离”。答案 B 7A.reduce B.rise C.drop D.move 解析冰川融化导致海平面“上升”。reduce“减少,降低”;rise“上升,升高”;drop“落下,掉下”;move“搬动,移动”。答案 B 8A.ignore B.make C.increase D.discuss 解析因为他们觉得似乎他们不能做什么,故
35、由语境可知应为忽视(ignore)。答案 A 9A.popular B.suitable C.important D.difficult 解析人们认为他们对全球变暖这个问题不能做什么,他们觉得有更重要的事情要担心。popular“流行的”;suitable“适合的”;important“重要的”;difficult“困难的”。答案 C 10A.do B.keep C.like D.find 解析承接上文,如果我们都这样做。do 指代动词,指不关心全球变暖,而去担忧别的事情。答案 A 11A.protected B.strengthened C.destroyed D.surrounded 解析
36、 臭氧层遭到破坏,人类就不能在地球上生存。protect“保护”;strengthen“增强”;destroy“破坏”;surround“环绕”。答案 C 12A.unlimited B.natural C.recycled D.industrial 解析我们应尽力限制使用我们星球上的自然资源。natural“自然的”;unlimited“无限的”;recycled“可循环的”;industrial“工业的”。答案 B 13A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.However D.Instead 解析由后面句子“我们的后代将因我们的错误而受苦”,可知此处表“否则”意思。there
37、fore“因此”;otherwise“否则”;however“然而”;instead“相反,而不是”。答案 B 14A.illnesses B.failures C.decisions D.mistakes 解析由上文破坏环境、滥用资源可知,这是我们所犯的“错误”。mistake“错误”,作sufferfrom 的宾语;illness“疾病”;failure“失败”;decision“决定”。答案 D 15A.continuing B.arriving C.improving D.disappearing 解 析 一 些 人 或 许 以 为 他 们 不 能 阻 止 全 球 继 续 变 暖。co
38、ntinue“继 续”;arrive“到来”;improve“改进,提高”;disappear“消失”。答案 A 16A.physical B.mental C.national D.worldwide 解析如果我们每一个人都尽力去保持空气清洁,那将会成为“全球性”的努力。physical“身体的,物理的”;mental“精神上的”;national“全民族的”;worldwide“全世界的,全球的”。答案 D 17A.slightly B.fully C.hardly D.slowly 解析 当然,有很多事情引起污染,我们也不能“完全”改变它们。修饰动词 change。slightly“略微
39、,稍微”;fully“完全地,彻底地”;hardly“几乎不”;slowly“慢慢地”。答案 B 18A.at least B.at most C.at first D.at last 解析我们虽不能完全改变现状,但“至少”可以调整一些情况。but 转折词,所以应该和 fully相对应,故用 atleast“至少,最少”。atmost“最多”;atfirst“起初”;atlast“最后”。答案 A 19A.yet B.even C.still D.thus 解 析 人 们 可 以 合 伙用 车,改 乘 公 交 车,骑 自 行车,“甚 至”步 行。表递 进。yet“然而”;even“甚至”;still“仍旧,依然”;thus“因此,所以”。答案 B 20A.time B.turns C.action D.arms 解析句意:如果我们每个人都从现在行动起来,我相信过不了几年我们就会看见显著的成果。takeaction“采取行动”;taketime“占用时间”;taketurns“轮流”;takearms“拿起武器”,只有 C 项符合上下文语境。答案 C
