1、河北省石家庄市第二中学2020-2021学年高二英语上学期寒假作业（第23天）一、 记忆M8 Unit1词汇二、 看汉语写单词和短语 1. _ adj. 清晰的；明显的；2. _ n. 大多数；大半3. _ n. 苦难；困苦4. _ vt. 选择；选举某人5. _ n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期6._ vt. & n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会7._ n. 申请人8._ n. 海关；关税；进口税9._ vi. 发生；出现10._ vt. 指出；指示；表明11._ n. 行李（baggage）12._ vt. & vi. 刮；剃13._ adv. 显然地；显而易见地 14
2、._ vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n.滑动；滑倒15._ vt. & n. 租用；雇用16._ adv. 无处；到处都无17._ n. 处罚；惩罚18._ vt. & vi. 改革；革新 19._ 继续存在；20._ 用办法；借助22._ 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等23._ 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）24._ 背靠背25._ 与合作或一起工作26._ 许多；很多27._ 申请；请示得到28._ 包括；吸收三、词汇匹配A1. vt.说明；阐明 2. n.（从外国移入的）移民 3. n.海峡 4.n. 冒险家5. prep. 尽管；不管 6.adj. 联邦制的； 7.n. 铁路；扶手； 8.
3、n.百分比；百分率 9.n.飞行器；航空器；飞机 10.adj.人种的；种族的 11.n.（牛）总称 12.n. 横越；十字路口； 13.n. & adj. 代理（的）；副职（的） 14.n. 地极；电极；磁极 15.n. 社会主义 vice _ strait_ socialism_ racial_ percentage_pole _ immigrant_ illustrate_ adventurer_rail_federal_ despite_ crossing_ cattle_ aircraft_B1.n.（有轨）电车 2.n. 闸；刹车；vi. & vt. 刹（车）； 3.n. （公车）
4、售票员；指挥4. n.面包房；面包厂 5.n.渡船；渡口vt.摆渡；渡运 6. adj. 迷人的；吸引人的7.n. 角；角度 8. adj. 痛苦的；悲惨的 9.vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；10.n. 公正；公平 11.adj. 公民的；国内的； 12.n. 权威；权力 (pl) 当局；官方13.adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的 14. adj. 感激的；感谢的 15. vt.插入；嵌入tram_ thoughtful_ thankful_ mourn_miserable_justice_ fascinating_insert_ ferry_ conductor_civil_ author
5、ity_ brake_ bakery_ angle_三、 阅读理解 A I must have looked deep in thought, or as deep in thought as an 11-year-old man could, when my grandmother glanced up from her weeding to ask, You have something on your mind, dont you?”“Yes, I was thinking that someday I want to be an Olympic speed skating champi
6、on like my hero, Eric Heiden, I want to be a doctor like my parents and I want to help children in Africa.”I immediately knew I had confided (吐露) in the right person when a knowing smile broke across her face. “Johann, of course! You can do anything you want to do!” she said simply. And with my gran
7、dmothers support, I set out to pursue my passions.14 years later, I was well ready to take hold of my first dream: becoming an Olympic champion. The Olympics in 1994 was in my home country, Norway. As I entered the Olympic stadium, I wasnt the best athlete, and many had doubts about my ability to pe
8、rform well. But I had something special working for me. I had a woman in the first row who believed in me following my passions just as much as I did. For the first time ever, my grandmother was going to see me skate.It happened. Breaking a world record, I won the gold.As I stood on the podium (领奖台)
9、 that I had dreamed about my entire life, a curious question popped into my head. Why me? Why did I win, given all the other incredible competitors out there? The reason had to be more than a grandmother who shared a belief in her grandsons dream. The question led me to only one answer: because I wa
10、nted to make a difference in the world, and with all the media attention on my success, I could. I immediately knew what that difference had to be: hope in the lives of the children in Africa.Six months earlier, Id been invited to Eritrea as an ambassador for Olympic Aid.1When the author spoke out w
11、hat was on his mind, his grandmother_.Alaughed at himBhad little confidence in himCfelt quite surprisedDsupported him2The author probably realized his first dream at the age of .A20B22C25D283What will the author tell us in the part following the passage?AHis successes at other Olympic games.BHis eff
12、orts in helping the African children.CHis grandmothers attitude towards him.DHis hard training in preparing for the next Olympics.4What is the whole passage mainly about?AMany dreams of a young boy.BA sportsman who pursued his passions.CThe encouragement from a grandmother.DAn Olympic hero who made
13、a difference in the world.BMost city parks are places where you can escape from big, ugly structures of metal and stone. The Manhattan High Line is different. Raised 25 feet above the ground, this massive metal structure once supported a rail line. The line opened in 1934 but it was hardly used afte
14、r the 1960s, and much of it was torn down. However, one part remained in a region of Manhattan called Chelsea. Chelsea was becoming high-class restaurants, art galleries and apartments were built, but the ugly structure remained as a dead weight. Everyone knew that at some time, it would have to be
15、removed.But the High Line was not destroyed. In fact, now the old rail line serves as one of the most peaceful places in the city. The idea to change the rail line into a park came from Joshua David and Robert Hammond. In 1999, they attended a community meeting to decide how to decide the fate of th
16、e High Line. David and Hammond were the only people at the meeting interested in saving the historical structure. Later on, when they asked railway officials to take them up to look at the High Line, they saw a mile and a half of wild flowers growing in the middle of the city，and they realized that
17、the High Line had potential to become a park. There was growing interest in improving city centers, and so the project quickly developed and money for construction was easily collected.The first part of the High Line opened in 2009 and immediately became popular with tourists and locals alike. Each
18、part of the park has a different atmosphere. Some areas are like balconies with wonderful city views. Other areas have wide lawns and walkways planted with wild flowers. Only the final section remains the way it has been for the last fifty yearsa railway line overgrown with weeds. 5What does the und
19、erlined part“a dead weight”mean?Asomething with potential to be betterBsomething with historical interestCsomething useless which slows progressDsomething which is a danger to people6Why did David and Hammond want to save the High Line at first?AThey were interested in improving the city.BThey thoug
20、ht it would make a good park.CThey wanted to reopen the train line.DThey thought it had historical value.7We can infer from the last paragraph that the park is_.Avarious in its designsBlike natural countrysideCsimilar to what it used to beDuseful to learn different plants8What is the text mainly abo
21、ut?AProtection of cultural relicsBAn unusual place for a parkCImproving city transportDClosing a train lineCWhile many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that weve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.Way back in our childhood, we all
22、learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didnt feel uncomfortable about the sight of thos
23、e verbed nouns.“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia OConner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of
24、all new verbs have come from nouns.Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.BWhite, in The Elements of Style the Bible for the use of American English have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as
25、verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them,” says OConner. Thats why were comfortable “hosting” a party, but
26、we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesnt offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if its easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it
27、s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to en
28、d verbing altogether, forget it.9What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?AIt hasnt recently been opposed by many grammarians.BIt is more commonly accepted by children than adults.CIt hasnt been a rare phenomenon in the past century.DIt is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice10What is m
29、ost leading experts attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns?ACautious. BSatisfied.CDisappointed. DUnconcerned.11What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?APredictable. BPracticable.CApproaching. DImpossible.12What is the best title for the text?AAre 40 Percent of all ne
30、w verbs from nouns？BAre Summering and Medaling Annoying?CAre You Comfortable about a New Verb?DAre There Any Rules for Verbing?五、语法填空 Even if all goes well for you in high school, that time of life still can be tough. After all, theres so much for you 1 (learn) academically and socially, like gettin
31、g along with classmates, and dealing with teachers. But of all the 2 (challenge), making good friends might be the most important.According to a new study published in the journal Child Development, best friends likely had a 3 ( significance) influence on how you behave in your 20s. Researchers foun
32、d that those with strong close bonds with their friends at age fifteen were more likely to be healthy and happy later. Importantly, 4 ( popular), defined as lots of people liking you generally but not closely, wasnt found to have the same benefit as close friends.The University of Virginia researche
33、rs 5 ran the study followed 169 subjects aged 15 to 25 every year for a decade. Then the researchers 6 ( analyze) the 10 years of data to understand how people handled stress over time. They found that, compared to people with strong high school friendships, those who were merely popular did much 7
34、( bad) on several measures of mental health, such as self-worth, social acceptance and relaxation. “ 8 (like) by a large group of people cannot take 9 place of building deep, supportive friendships. So trying to build close connections 10 a few people should be a priority(优先考虑的事情),” wrote Joseph All
35、en, who coauthored the study.英语作业第23天一、记忆M8 Unit1词汇二、看汉语写单词和短语（答案请查阅课本词汇表）三、词汇匹配A B13 3 15 10 8 1 13 14 9 814 2 1 4 7 10 6 15 5 36 5 12 11 9 11 12 2 4 7一、 阅读理解1-4 DCBC 5-8 CDAB 9-12 CADB五、语法填空1to learn 2challenges 3significant 4popularity 5who/that6analyzed 7worse 8Being liked 9the 10with23天阅读理解详解A【
36、分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者11岁梦想成为奥运冠军，得到了祖母的支持。14年后作者如愿成为了奥运冠军，打破世界纪录，赢得了金牌。作者也开始反思自己获胜的原因，最终决心投入到帮助非洲儿童的事业中。1细节理解题。根据第三段中“Johann, of course! You can do anything you want to do! she said simply. And with my grandmothers support, I set out to pursue my passions.”可知她只是说：“Johann，当然！你可以做任何你想做的事”。在祖母的支持下，我开始追求
37、我的梦想。由此可知，当作者说出他的想法时，他的祖母支持他。故选D。2细节理解题。根据第一段“I must have looked deep in thought, or as deep in thought as an 11-year-old man could, when my grandmother glanced up from her weeding to ask, You have something on your mind, dont you?(我一定是一副深思熟虑的样子，或者说像一个11岁的人一样深思熟虑，奶奶从除草中抬起头来问：“你有心事吧？”)”以及第四段中“14 year
38、s later, I was well ready to take hold of my first dream: becoming an Olympic champion.( 14年后，我已经准备好实现我的第一个梦想：成为奥运冠军)”和第五段“It happened. Breaking a world record, I won the gold.(它就这么发生了。我打破了世界纪录，赢得了金牌)”由此可知，作者在11岁时有了成为奥运冠军的梦想，14年后作者成为了奥运冠军，所以作者可能在25岁时实现了他的第一个梦想。故选C。3推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I immediately knew
39、what that difference had to be: hope in the lives of the children in Africa.(我立刻明白了这种不同是什么：非洲儿童生活中的希望)”以及最后一段“Six months earlier, Id been invited to Eritrea as an ambassador(使者) for Olympic Aid.(六个月前，我被邀请到厄立特里亚担任奥运援助大使)”由此可推知，作者将在文章后面的部分告诉我们，他在帮助非洲儿童方面所做的努力。故选B。4主旨大意题。根据第二段中“And with my grandmothers
40、 support, I set out to pursue my passions.(在祖母的支持下，我开始追求我的梦想)”以及倒数第二段中“Why me? Why did I win, given all the other incredible competitors out there? The reason had to be more than a grandmother who shared a belief in her grandsons dream.(为什么是我？有那么多出色的竞争者为什么是我赢了？原因肯定不止是一位对孙子的梦想抱有同样信念的祖母)”结合文章主要记叙了作者11
41、岁梦想成为奥运冠军，得到了祖母的支持。14年后作者如愿成为了奥运冠军，打破世界纪录，赢得了金牌。作者也开始反思自己获胜的原因，最终决心投入到帮助非洲儿童的事业中。由此可知，文章的主要内容是祖母的鼓励。故选C。B【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一个不寻常的公园，它是由一个巨大的、无用的金属建筑物改造而成，并详细的介绍了公园的特色。5词义猜测题。画线短语所在句意为：切尔西正在成为高级餐厅、美术馆和公寓，但丑陋的建筑仍然是_。根据后文句子“Everyone knew that at some time, it would have to be removed.”可知，每个人都知道，在某个时候，
42、它必须被移除。由此可推断出，既然人们认为它必须被移除，可见它是一个无用的且不合时宜的东西，“something useless which slows progress”意为“阻碍进展的无用的东西”，符合句意。故选C项。6细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“David and Hammond were the only people at the meeting interested in saving the historical structure.”可知，大卫和哈蒙德是唯一有兴趣拯救这所历史建筑的人。由此可推断出，大卫和哈蒙德一开始想拯救High Line，是因为他们认为它是具有历史价值的建筑
43、。故选D项。7推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Each part of the park has a different atmosphere. Some areas are like balconies with wonderful city views. Other areas have wide lawns and walkways planted with wild flowers.”可知，公园的每个部分都有不同的气氛。有些地方就像阳台，可以看到美丽的城市景色。其他地方有宽阔的草坪和种植着野花的人行道。由此可推断出，这个公园的设计是多种多样的。故选A项。8主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一个
44、不寻常的公园，它是由一个巨大的、无用的金属建筑物改造而成，并详细的介绍了公园的特色。文章第一段中关键句“Most city parks are places where you can escape from big, ugly structures of metal and stone. The Manhattan High Line is different.”也说明这个公园与其他的公园是不同的。An unusual place for a park意为“一个不同寻常的公园”，能够概括文章主旨。故选B项。C【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20
45、%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了讨论。9推理判断题。根据第三段的Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.（自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词）可知，我们知道在过去的一个世纪里，名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。10推理判断题。根据第四段的Not all are bad, but all are suspect.（不是所有的都是坏的，但所有的都是可疑的）和The Chicago Manu
46、al of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.（芝加哥文体手册也持类似观点，建议作者小心使用动词）可知，对于名词动用的用法，大多数的专家持谨慎的态度。故选A。11推理判断题。根据最后一段的Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.（并不是所有的造词都被广泛使用，但是想要完全停止动词的使用，还是算了吧）可知，作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的，故选D。12主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知，英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度，但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西，用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎，故引用文章中的名词动用的两个词Summering和Medaling来进行概括，故B选项可以作为本文标题。
